1 1 pp Concept of Purity and Pollution among Medieval bhakti Poets Chihiro KOISO Abstract Throughout the Hindu tradition, the concept of pu

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1 1 1 pp Concept of Purity and Pollution among Medieval bhakti Poets Chihiro KOISO Abstract Throughout the Hindu tradition, the concept of purity and pollution has been a key notion in controlling people s life and conduct. This notion is important not only for ritual practices but for day-to-day life. In this paper, I would like to deal with purity and pollution in Man 4 u Smr 4 ti (Code of Manu), first by clarifying and providing an overview of this notion. L.Dumont holds that the notion of purity and pollution are interlinked with the caste system and untouchability. His point of view is that hierarchy of caste is decided according to the degree of purity and pollution. Sants (saint-poets) in Medieval Maharashtra upheld the position that in front of God Vitthala all are equal and there is no such hierarchy, which seems 44 to be an egalitarian approach. Here I verify the notion of purity and pollution among medieval sants to contextualize the words indicating pollution, such as vit, apavitra, ust ā, and ovl ā from their religious poems named Abhangs. Then 44 4 it becomes apparent that sants are more conscious about pollution related to their caste. Their egalitarian approaches are limited but it forms a solid foundation for the 19 th century s social reform movements in Maharashtra. Keywords Hinduism, purity-pollution, bhakti, Vārkarī, sant, vitāļ shunya@seiryo-u.ac.jp Kanazawa Seiryo University, Liberal Arts and Sciences 59

2 1. 8 Way of Life 1 2 ritual pollution 2005:218 :69 :

3 1 1 pp : MS: MS:5-62 MS: m la 12 MS:5-135 MS:5-108 MS:5-109 :287 : :153 61

4 : Deleury 1960: 3 62

5 1 1 pp vit 4 l apavitr pavitr a = dūsti ust ā 44 mal uddha sovl 4 ā su-mangala 9 ovl 4 ā amangala / J svakarma 63

6 / / J antyaja J // J vit 4? J / vit 4 / J apavitr/ J ? vit 4 jātihīn / / C.76 / J antyaja?/ J śuddha / / / / vit 4 / C.73 64

7 1 1 pp vit 4 amangala vit 4 / vit 4 vit 4 amangala vit 4 / vit 4 vit 4 amangala vit 4 / vit 4 vit 4 vit 4 vit 4 vit 4 / C.282 / ust ā 44 / C.343 ust ā 44 = vit 4 / pavitr apavitr / vit 4 vit 4 pavitr / vit 4 // C.279 sovl 4 ā ovl 4 ā / / vit 4 sovl 4 ā / / sovl 4 ā? sovl 4 ā // C :

8 17 TG.3241 TG.706 antyaja TG.707 / / / 18 / / / TG.30 / pavitr? / TG / vit 4 / TG.170 /. / / / TG.203, shuddha / vit 4 ovl 4 e / sovl 4 ā. TG.2926 / vit 4 / / TG.169 pavitr / TG.43? /? 66

9 1 1 pp ? / TG.2223 / TG : Ranade,M.G , : : :

10 L. 2013:46 2 jāti = saint-poet acūt darit= % MS : J : Sārth Śrī Jñāneśvarī C : Śrī Sant Cokhāmelā TG : Sārth Śrītukārāmācī gāthā 68

11 1 1 pp Śrīsakalsantghāthā, collected by Sakhre Maharaj, ed. K. A. Joshi, Srisantwangmaya Prakashan Mandir, Śrī Sant Cokhāmelā:Caritra an 4 i abhang, ed.by S.B.Kadam, abd lay Prak an, 1998 rep.. Sārth Śrītukārāmācī gāthā, ed.by Vishnubuva Jog Maharaj, Shri Samrtha Sadan,2003 rep. Sārth Śrī Jñāneśvarī, narrated by Sakhre Maharaj, ed.by D.Deshpande, Sarthi Prakashan, 1992 rep Abott, J., Stories of Indian Saints, Part I & II, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Abott,J., Life of Tukarama, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1986(rep). Deleury, G. A., The Cult of Vithoba, Pune, Mokashi-Punekar, R., On the Treshold: The Songs of Chokhamela, Untouchable Saints, eds. E. Zelliot & R. Mokashi-Punekar, Mahohar, Ranade, M. G., Rise of the Maratha Power, Publication Divition, Ranade, R.D., Mysticism in Maharashtra, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1988(rep.) Zelliot, E., From Untouchable to Dalit, Manohar, Zelliot, E. & M. Berntsen (eds.), The Experience of Hinduism, SUNY Press,

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