Key words: bacteremia, reticuloendothelial system, bacterial clearance, Kupffer cell, bacterial phagocytosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) Mo
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1 Key words: bacteremia, reticuloendothelial system, bacterial clearance, Kupffer cell, bacterial phagocytosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) Morganella morganii (M. morganii) Escherichia coli (E. coli) En to ro bacter cloacae (E. cloacae)
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3 Table 1 Bacterial species and number of strains isolated from experimental bacteremic mice A. conventional mice (n=30) B. SPF mice (n=133) a) isolated from both the heart blood and the liver or the portal vein blood b) isolated from only the liver, not isolated from the heart blood c) isolated from only the portal vein blood, not iso- from the heart blood lated ( ): Number of mixed isolates The incidence of bacteremia involving portal bacter- in conventional mice was statistically emia significantly higher than in SPF mice (p<0.01).
4 Fig. 1 Blood clearance of isolated bacteria in mice The results are expressed as the mean recovery percentages } the standard deviation (SD) (n= 5). The time zero values were calculated by estimating the total blood volume as 8% (vol/wt) of the mice used. The clearance rates of both of M. morganii and P. aeruginosa were statistically K. pneumoniae at all measuring time (p < 0.01). M. morganii significantly lower than of E. coli, E. cloacae and P. aeruginosa K. pneumoniae minutes afterinoculation E. cloacae
5 Fig. 2 Effect of cyclophosphamide and/or carrageenan on blood clearance of K. pneumoniae The results are expressed as the mean recovery percentages }SD (n=3). o: control, œ: treated with 3mg of cyclophosphamide 6, 4, ldays before, A: treated with 4mg of carrageenan 24hr before, o: treated with cyclophosphamide and carrageenan according to the above. Fig. 3 Effect of BCG on blood clearance of P. aeruginosa and M. morganii The results are expressed as the mean recovery percentages } SD (n=5). o: treated with 0.2ml of saline intraperitoneally 2ldays before, œ: treated with 1.0mg of BCG in 0.2m1 of saline according to above The clearance rates of both bacteria in mice treated with BCG were statistically significantly higher than in mice treated with only saline. P. aeruginosa p<0.01 at all measuring time. M. morganii ; p< 0.05 at 5, 10, 15min and p <0.01 at 30min.
6 Fig. 4 Effect of antiserum on blood clearance of P. aeruginosa and M. morganii The results are expressed as the mean recovery percentages SD (n=5). o: treated with 0.2m1 of the normal serum (10% in saline) intravenously 30 min before, œ: treated with 0.2m1 of the antiserum according to the above The clearance rates of both bacteria in mice treated with the antiserum were statistically significantly higher than in mice treated with the normal serum at all measuring time (p <0.01). P. aeruginosa M. morganii Fig. 5 Sensitivity of bacteria to normal serum The results are expressed as the recovery per centage at 30 min after inoculation compared with the initial number of bacteria. P. aeruginosa M. morganii E. coli K. pneumoniae E. cloacae
7 Table 2 Distribution of bacteria in mice at 30 min after inoculation intravenously A. % of viable bacteria in blood and organ B. ratio of bacteria in organ (CFU/g) /bacteria in blood (CFU/ml) A.: The results are expressed as the mean recovery percentage SD(n=3). B.: Each data are calculated by using the mean number of A. Fig. 6 Clearance of bacteria by perfused livers of E. coli and P. aeruginosa The results are expressed as the mean recovery percentage (n=3). The clearance rate of E. coli by perfused livers was statistically significantly higher than of P. aeruginosa (p< 0.01). E. coti P. aeruginosa
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9 2) Schimpff, S. C., Young, V. M., Greene, W. H., Vermeulen, G. D., et al.: Origin of infection in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia-significance of hospital acquisition of potential pathogens. Ann. Intern. Med., 77: , 1972.
10 3) Ueda, T., Shibata, H., Nakamura, H., Takubo, T., et al.: Efficacy of laminar air flow room with or without clean nursing for preventing infection in patients with acute leukemia. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 13 (Suppl): , reference to encapsulated bacteria. Bact. Rev., 24: 41-49, ) Stuart, A. E.: The reticuloendothelial system. 5) Young, L. S., Stevens, P. & Kaijser, B.: Gramnegative pathogens in septicaemic infections. The mechanisms by which macrophages Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 31(Suppl): 78-94, phagocyte encapsulated bacteria in the absence of antibody. J. Exptal. Med., 100: , ) Brown, E. J., Hosea, S. W. & Frank, M. M.: The role of complement in the localization of pneumococci in the splanchnic reticuloendoth- system during experimental bacteremia. J. elial Immun., 126: , ) Leunk, R. D. & Moon, R. J.: Association of 17) Horwitz, M. A.: Serial feature-phagocytosis type 1 pili with the ability of livers to clear of microorganisms. Rev. Infect. Dis., 4: 104 Salmonella typhimurium. Infect. Immun., 36: 123, , ) McCuskey, R. S., McCuskey, P. A., Urbaschek, 9) Biozzi, G. & Stiffel, C.: The physiopathology R. & Urbaschek, B.: Species differences in of the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver and Kupffer cells and endotoxin sensitivity. Infect. spleen. In Progress in liver disease, Vol. II Immun., 45: , (Popper, H. and Schaffener, F. ed. ) p , 19) Peavy, D. L., Baughn, R. E. & Musher, D. M.: William Heinemann Medical Books, London, Effects of BCG infection on the susceptibility of mouse macrophages to endotoxin. Infect. Immun., 24: 59-64, ) Altura, B. M.: Reticuloendothelial cells and host defense. Adv. Microcirc., 9: , ) Dalen, D. P. P., Brouwer, A. & Knook, D. L.: Clearance capacity of rat liver Kupffer, endothelial and parenchymal 81: , cells. Gastroenterology, 13) Wood, W. B.: Phagocytosis, with particular p E. & S. Livingstone, London, ) Sawyer, W. D., Smith, M. R. & Wood, W. B.:
11 Investigations on Etiology of Sepsis by Using Experimental Mouse Model with Leukocytopenia 2. The Role of the Reticuloendothelial System in the Etiology of Bacteremia Yohichi HIRAKATA1), Keizo YAMAGUCHI1), Kazunori TOMON01), Kazunori SHIMOGUCHI1), Kazuhiro TATEDA1}, Kazuo NOUDA1), Kazuyuki SUGAHARAI), Shigeru KOHNO2), Masaki HIROTA2) & Kohei HARA2) 1) Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine 2) Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine It has been recognized by clinical data that most of sepsis occurring in the immunocompromised host are endogenous infection. In recent years, we have investigated the mechanism of these bacteremia and sepsis by experimental studies using neutropenic mice treated with cyclophosphamide. And we evidenced that most pathogens causing bacteremia originated in the intestinal flora of the host. It has been shown that bacteria causing bacteremia were divided into two main groups, causing systemic bacteremia and causing portal bacteremia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Morganella morganii belonged to the former, on the other hand, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and some other bacteria belonged to the latter. In this study, we studied the role of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the etiology of bacteremia or sepsis, using various kinds of bacteria isolated from bacteremic mice. As a result, the following facts were revealed. 1. It was suggested that the low blood clearance rate of the bacteria was one of the great risk factor of systemic bacteremia, since the blood clearance rate of bacteria causing systemic bacteremia was significantly lower than those of bacteria causing portal bacteremia. 2. Bacteria in the blood were eliminated by the RES, mainly by the liver, and the level of bacterial clearance by the liver was relative to the type of bacteremia which was systemic or portal. 3. It was suggested that the bacterial clearnace by the liver mainly reflected the phagocytosis by Kupffer cells, and especially the adherence of these cells to bacteria as the first step of phagocytosis.
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日本消化器外科学会雑誌第29巻第9号
Table 1 Oligonucleotide primers used for RT-PCR and internal probes used for Southern blot hybridization Cytokine Primer Sequence (5'-3') 5' 3' Internal probe s' 3' Internal probe 5' 3' Internal probe
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Cephaloridine Conc. 125mcg/m/+ DC 10mg/ml Cephaloridine Conc. 125mcg/ml C- adap+ E. coli Ampicillin Conc. 125mcg/ml+C 10mg/ml Cephaloridine Conc. 12.5mcg/ml D-adap+E.coil JORGENSEN : Alteration of bile
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Effect of Trimoprostil on Gastric Secretion Takeshi KAWAMURA * Hiroko EBINA * Fumiaki KOIZUMI * and Akira ISHIMORI * *Department of Clinical and Labor
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2) Dolphin, A., Jenner, P., Marsden, C,D., Pycock, C. and Tarsy, D. : Pharmacological evidence for cerebral dopamine receptor blockade by metoclopramide in rodents, Psychopharmacologia, 41 : 133, 1975.
Fig. 1 Trends of TB incidence rates for all forms and smear-positive pulmonary TB in Kawasaki City and Japan. Incidence=newly notified cases of all fo
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CHEMOTHERAPY NOV S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, K. pgeumoniae, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis, Proteus, P. aeruginosa Inoculum siz
VOL.33 S-5 CHEMOTHERAPY 381 Fig. 1 Chemical structure of HAPA-B Chemical name 1-N-[(2S)-3-Amino-2-hydroxypropiony1]-4-0-(6-amino- 6-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-013-deoxy-4-C-methyl- 3-(methylamino)-ƒÀ-L-arabinopyranosyl]-2-deoxystreptamine
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coccus aureus Corynebacterium sp, Haemophilus parainfluenzae Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudornonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas sp., Xanthomonas maltophilia, F
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Key words: Disinfectants, Gram negative rods, Bactericidal effect P. aeruginosa 1, P. fluorescens 20 P. putida 179, P. cepacia 216 P. maltophilia 227, P. putrefaciens 279 A. faecalis 120, A. ordrans 114
2 10 The Bulletin of Meiji University of Integrative Medicine 1,2 II 1 Web PubMed elbow pain baseball elbow little leaguer s elbow acupun
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56 pp , 2005 * ******* *** ** CA CAMA
Title 成人知的障害者の加齢に伴う外観的変化に関する研究 : 知的障害者用外観的老化微候測定法を用いた検討 Author(s) 春日井, 宏彰 ; 菅野, 敦 ; 橋本, 創一 ; 桜井, 和典 ; 片瀬, Citation 東京学芸大学紀要. 第 1 部門, 教育科学, 56: 415-425 Issue Date 2005-03-00 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2309/2097
日本職業・災害医学会会誌第51巻第1号
内野ら 下腿骨骨折におけるハイブリッド創外固定器の有用性 31 図 2 軟部組織損傷程度と機能成績 Gustilo IIIB 以上の開放骨折では Gustilo IIIA 以下の開放骨折 及び皮下骨折よりも明らかに機能低下が認められた 図 1 年齢と機能成績 60 歳未満の若年者の方が明らかに良好な成績を示した a b c 図 3 a Gustilo Type IIIB b, c AO 分類 Type
400 46 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 65 6 Dec. 2012 LVFX 100 mg 3 / 7 150 mg 2 / 7 2 2006 2008 9 LVFX PK PD 2009 7 100 mg 1 3 500 mg 1 1 AUC/MIC
Dec. 2012 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 65 6 399 45 2012 11 5 LVFX 500 mg 1 1 20 Chlamydia trachomatis C. trachomatismycoplasma genitalium M. genitalium LVFX 1 500 mg 1 1 7 22 22 C. trachomatis 17
日本消化器外科学会雑誌第25巻第11号
Key words: intestinal nerve plexus, hypoxic perfusion, immunohistochemistry, 5-100 protein Table I (A) Sroo staining reactivity of nerve tissue normal partly mildly declined all mildly declined partly
Table 1 Patients with various renal function * Ccr, Creatinine clearance ml/min per 1. 48 m2 ** C.V.D., Cerebral vascular disease ; C.R F., Chronic renal failure ; H.D., Hemoclialysis ; D., Dialyzer ;
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VOL. 43 NO. 4
VOL. 43 NO. 4 Fig. 1. Frequency of Enterococcus species from complicated UTI, 1988-1992. the number * of Enterococcus species/the number of cases with complicated UTI. Fig. 3 Epidemiologic characteristics