[T11391]砂防学会誌64‐2/P3‐14 論文 竹林ほか

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1 VolNop One dimensional bed deformation analysis with general cross-section on bed composed of cohesive and non-cohesive materials Hiroshi TAKEBAYASHI Masaharu FUJITA Abstract One dimensional bed deformation model is very useful in obtaining long-term and long-reach bed deformation characteristics. However, sediment discharge will be underestimated by assuming a rectangular cross-section. Furthermore, when cohesive material is exposed at scoured areas in rivers, erosion of bed tends to be suppressed. Sediment transport rate is also suppressed on bed composed of cohesive material. In the present study, in order to improve the estimation of the sediment transport rate, the model that we suggest here does not assume cross-sections as rectangular shapes ; the bed elevation change is considered in the transverse direction but the water surface elevation is constant in the transverse direction. Furthermore, sediment transport and bed deformation characteristics on bed composed of cohesive material are discussed with attention focused on sediment sorting, based on the results obtained from numerical model of bed deformation and the model is applied to the Tonle Sap River in Cambodia. The results show that the change in sediment discharge with bed configuration is calculated automatically using the suggested model. The sediment discharge obtained by the suggested model is greater than that using a rectangular cross-section model. Furthermore, the transverse change in sediment size has been reproduced by considering the sediment transport width change. The temporal change of sediment size distribution on bed with cohesive material is faster than that on bed with non-cohesive material, because sediment is transported to downstream area without bed erosion process. Key wordsgeneral cross-section, cohesive material, non-cohesive material, one dimensional bed deformation analysis, Tonle Sap River The Tonle Sap River neat the Tonle Sap Lake shows the map of the wide area Member, Kyoto University Disaster Prevention Research Institutetakebayashi@sabom.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp

2 Vol NoJuly BwSw Definition of flow width and wetted perimeter Change of cross-sectional shape ε κ uh ε κ u h Kovacs and ParkerLiu At Q Qf x Bf τ ck τ ck QbkBwsgdk τ ek Kc Kc rb τ k τ kfbk Qt xq AgAz x gaiex Aσxx t x A Q Qf Bf g Ie fbk rb s τ k k τ ck k Egiazaroff log τ ckτ cmlogdkdm dkdm IenmQ Rw A dm τ ckτ cm dk dkdm nm Rw BwSw σ xx σ xx ε xq A dm dm dkfbk n dk τ cm

3 BwEbfbk Bwλ Fbkzb t t Non-cohesive material and cohesive material beds ucmdm dm ucmm dm ucmdm dm Fbkfdakzb/tEsdEbe λ Qbk x Bwwkcsbekcsbk Fbkfczb/tEsdEbe λ Fbkfbkzb/t λ zb fdak Liu k fc Esd Eb ucmdm dm EbEbe EsdEbe λ ucmdm dmunit:cm λ EbEsd EsdEbe λ τ cmucm/sgdm ucm dm τ ek k uem Q h Aln dm τ m τ ekuem uem τ m Kc Kovacs and ParkerLiu Kc μcρ s tanθx μc ρ θx fbk k Eda fdak t FdkEda t Fdkfdak,zb/t Fdkfbk,zb/t Eda m k fdmk Ebe Egashira and Ashida Ebe dm τ m cosθtanφtanθ φ rb rb rb Eb Ebe EsdEbe λ EsdEbe λ wfk Rubey wfk υ υ sgd k sgdksgdk υ csbk k

4 Vol NoJuly Hydraulic conditions of the numerical analysis m s m Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Initial bed geometry in Casesand Amm λm Bm m csbek k Lane and Kalinske u csbek exp wfk fbkrbunit : ppm wfk u k csk Acsk t Qcsk x AD csk Bwwfkcsbekcsbk x csk csbk e β sk β sk β skwfkh/d D BwEb Bwλ zb t t Qbk x Bwwfkcsbekcsbk EsdEbe λ zb t Ve EsdEbe λ Ve Veα crwc u rb α c Rwc TVD-MacCormack

5 Bfzf t Qf y Qf gafzf t y gaf Iey zf y Af Iey Case Case Case Case Case Size distribution of sediment in Casesand zbzbaveamsin π x/λ cosmπ y/b zbave Am Case Case Case Case CaseCase Case CaseCase Case mm CaseCase mm mm s Case Case Case Case Hydrograph in Casesand Case Case Size distribution of supplied sediment and initial bed material in Casesand m sm s Case CaseCase Case Case Case

6 Vol NoJuly Case Case Longitudinal distribution of sediment discharge Case Case Longitudinal distribution of transverse averaged bed elevation atminincasesand Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Longitudinal distribution of lowest bed elevation atmin

7 Case Temporal change of cross-sectional bed shapecase Case Case am m b m m m m a Casem Temporal change of transverse distribution of mean diameter of bed materialcasem Case Case ab ab

8 Vol NoJuly Case Case Temporal change of longitudinal distribution of bed elevation Case Case Temporal change of longitudinal distribution of mean diameter in the bed load layer km WUP-JICA km km Tonle Sap River basin Kummu, Koponen and Sarkkula

9 Case Case Size distribution of bed material employed in Cases and Egashira, Takebayashi and Inoue Olsen and Tjerry mm mm cm km km mm km Size distribution of bed and bank materials along the Tonle Sap River Examples of size distribution of bed materials in the Mekong River at the confluence Case Case Kingdam of Cambodia, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, Waterways Department

10 Vol NoJuly Water discharge at the Phnom Penh and flooded discharge from the Tonle Sap River Longitudinal distribution of lowest and crosssectional averaged bed elevations and water surface elevation mm Case Case mm

11 Case Longitudinal distribution of lowest bed elevation in each cross-section in Case mm Longitudinal distribution of sediment fraction of size classmm Fujii, et al. Case amm km bcase Case

12 Vol NoJuly B A BGCOE pp pp pp B. Y. Liu : Study on Sediment Transport and Bed Evolution in Compound Channels. Egashira, S. and Ashida, K. Unified view of the mechanics of debris flow and bed-load, Advances in Micromechanics of Granular Materials,Edited by H. H. Shen et al.elsevier, pp. -, Egashira, S., Takebayashi, H. and Inoue, K. : Flow Pattern and Bed Evolution in Four Arms Region of the Mekong pp Kingdam of Cambodia, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, Waterways Department : Hydrographic Atlas Tonle Sap River and Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia, Vol. 3, 1999 Hideto Fujii, Henrik Garsdal, Peter Ward, Masaki Ishii, Kanehiro Morishita and Thomas Boivin : Hydrological roles of the Cambodian floodplain of the Mekong River, Intl. J. River Basin Management, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 114, 2003 Kovacs, A. and Parker, G. : A new vectorial bed load formulation and its application to the time evolution of straight river channels, J. Fluid Mech. Vol. 267, pp , 1994 K. W. Olesen and S. Tjerry : Morphological modeling of the Chaktomuk Junction, River Flow 2002 Balkema, pp , 2002 Lane, E. W. and Kalinske, A. A. : Engineering calculation of suspended sediment, Trans. A.G.U., Vol. 22, 1941 Matti Kummu, Jorma Koponen and Juha Sarkkula : Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Simulation & Modeling, V. Kachitvichyanukul, U. Purintrapiban, P. Utayopas, eds, 2005 pp Rubey, W. W. : Settling velocities of gravel, sand and silt particles, American J. of Science, Vol. 25, pp , 1933 WUP-JICA : The study on Hydro-Meteorological Monitoring for Water Quantity Rules in Mekong River Bain, Final report, 2004

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