problem. In this paper, we pay attention to the directivity control, implement DMAC which is a typical MAC protocol, and evaluate it under the

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1 problem. In this paper, we pay attention to the directivity control, implement DMC which is a typical MC protocol, and evaluate it under the moving environment for the beam forming. ased on this basic evaluation, we propose a novel beam width adaptation protocol called DMC (daptive Directional MC). We evaluate our schema through simulation study with different values of parameters such as the number of flows, mobility and beam width. The experimental results show that DMC can calculate the adaptive beam width though moving nodes or changing network traffic. Moreover, we design the method to add the transmitting power control in DMC. MC ( MC DMC DMC (daptive Directional MC) DMC km/h 1.2 DMC daptive control method of transmission power and beam width Yuta OKI, 1 Tomoya KITNI, 2 Masaki NDI 3 and Takashi WTNE 4 Recently, using smart antennas in ad hoc network has attracted attention. Smart antennas can electronically control beam direction and extend transmission range. These potentials can improve the network capacity of ad hoc networks. Therefore, medium access control (MC) protocols for ad hoc networks using directional antennas are proposed. In the design of directivity MC protocol, to use the advantage of a smart antenna control techniques of directivity of transmitting and receiving antenna (direction of sending and receiving beam and width), transmitting power and transmission rates become the main 1. 1) LN LN IEEE82.11 DCF MC MC 2)3) MC 1 Graduate School of Informatics, Shizuoka University 2 Division of Global Research Leaders, Shizuoka University 3 Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 4 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University

2 MC DMC DMC (daptive Directional MC) DMC 2. MC 2.1 MC Choudhury 5) MC MC MC CaDMC (Capture-aware directional MC) CaRP (Capture-aware Routing Protocol) CaDMC G G F F C C E E 1, F 2, F ON OFF ON ON OFF 1 C E F G OFF E, G, C E-G 2 CaDMC OFF CaDMC TPMC (daptive Transmission Power controlled MC) 7) TPMC MRPC (Multi-Rate Power Controlled MC protocol) 6) TPMC RF (utomatic Rate Fallback) 9) MRPC CSM 4way RTS

3 RTS CTS MRPC TPMC 2.3 RF (Rate-daptive framing) 8) SINR RF RF t x y, y x t y x DMC (Directional MC) 4) 1 RF (utomatic Rate Fallback) 9) 2 (Mbps) 1 (m) 3 5 (m) [,

4 v] (km/h) (s) (packets/s) % i (4.1) ( (4.2)) k k Datasize(i) Received Number of Packets(i) Throuput(i) = SimulationT ime (4.1) Throuput = T hrouput(i) (4.2) i 1 PHY 82.11b MC DMC Transmission rate 2 [Mbps] Datasize 124 [byte] Simulation time 1 [sec] rea size m m [m 2 ] number of Nodes 3 Node location random Mobility model Random Way Point Communication range 5 [m] , 2, 3, 4, 5, 4 (km/h) 15,3,6,18,36 ( ) km/h kbps kbps % 5 17% , 4 (km/h) 1, 3, , 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 (km/h) 1, 5 15,3,6,18,36 ( ) eamwidth ( degree ) 1flow 3flow 5flow eamwidth ( degree ) 1flow 3flow 5flow 6 4 (km/h)

5 Throughput (kbps) Number of Traffic flows (km/h) Throughput (kbps) Number of Traffic flows (km/h) km/h 1km/h 623 kbps 445 kbps 18 1km/h 63 kbps km/h km/h km/h 1 4 km/h kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps

6 2 3,,, 2 3 start Packet Reception Calculate Width of Movement Record Position Calculate Traffic Ratio Refer Table dapt eam width No ID corresponding? Data Communication Yes No Communication end? Yes end DMC (daptive Directional MC) MC DMC DMC 5.1 DMC DMC 3 Ψ Ψ r r Ψ r θ DMC DMC DMC RTS/CTS/DT/CK 5.3 DMC 4 ID GPS 4 Index Time Node ID Location Start Time End Time 1 T N L S E 2 T 1 N 1 L 1 S 1 E 1 3 T 2 N 2 L 2 S 2 E 2 4 T 3 N 3 L 3 S 3 E 3 1 2

7 r (t) r ( t + T ) r (t) r ( t + T ) 12, φ (t) L r (t) 13, 12 (t) (t) (t+ T) (t+ T) t t+ T 5.3 t t+ T t (5.1) L(t) = (t) (t) (5.1) 13 (5.2) φ(t) t L(t) L(t) = ( L(t) cosφ(t), L(t) sinφ(t) ) (5.2) v (t) L(t+ T) L(t) v(t) = lim T T (5.3) v(t) x vx(t) y v y(t) v r (t) ψ (t) 14, (x(t+ T) x(t)) (x(t+ T) x(t)) v x(t) = lim T T (y(t+ T) y(t)) (y(t+ T) y(t)) v y(t) = lim T T (5.4) (5.5) v(t) = ( v (t) cosψ(t), v(t) sinψ(t) ) (5.6) v (t) ψ(t) t Ψ (5.7) τ Ψ = ψ(t) τ (5.7) ψ τ (5.7) L r ( t + τ ) Ψ Ψ' φ (t) ' L r (t) 15

8 a Ψ Ψ = Ψ+a ( < Ψ 36 ) (5.8) φ(t)+ Ψ 2 Ψ τ τ f, f, (5.9) f, = Data Size Data rrival Rate (5.9) r (5.1) fi,j b i j r = 1 f, 1 f i,j i j +b ( < r 1) (5.1) 4 f 1,f 2,f 3,f 4 7,9,1,13 (kbps) r 1,r 2,r 3,r 4.33,.26,.23, θ (5.8) Ψ (5.1) r (5.11) θ = Ψ r ( < θ 36 ) (5.11) 5.7 L r ( t + τ ) Ψ φ (t) ' L r (t) 16 L r ( t + τ ) Ψ φ (t) L r (t) ' 17 Conservative ggressive Conservative Conservative Conservative t L(t) t + τ L(t+τ) 16 L(t) 17 L(t+τ) Pt L(t) L(t+τ) Pt = P( max( L(t), L(t+τ) ) ) (5.12) P t t + τ τ ggressive Consertive τ ggressive

9 (5.4) (5.5) (5.4) (5.5) τ = n t (n ) t τ t n t L(t) L(t+ t) L diff L diff = L(t+ t) L(t) (5.13) L diff L diff Pt (5.14) H,S. < S < 1.,1. H { S Pt ( L diff < ) Pt = H Pt ( (5.14) L diff ) (5.14) L diff < L diff ggressive a b DMC DMC DMC kbps DMC km/h 21 4 km/h 2 DMC 21 DMC

10 Throughput (kbps) Number of Traffic flows DMC 2 (km/h) Throughput (kbps) Number of Traffic flows DMC 21 4 (km/h) km/h km/h RTS RTS 24 1 RTS 25 5 RTS RTS 24 6 RTS 18 RTS RTS 15 2 km/h 8 RTS RTS DMC RTS 1 1 Number of beamwidth application 1.E+7 1.E+6 1.E+5 1.E+4 1.E+3 1.E+2 1.E+1 1.E Number of beamwidth application 1.E+8 1.E+7 1.E+6 1.E+5 1.E+4 1.E+3 1.E+2 1.E+1 1.E RTS Error Ratio RTS Error Ratio eamwidth (degree) eamwidth (degree) DMC DMC 22 4km/h, km/h, RTS 25 5 RTS

11 25 km/h 5 km/h RTS DMC RTS DMC 36 RTS MC DMC DMC (2245) 1) R. Jurdak, C. V. Lopes and P. aldi.: Survey, Classification and Comparative nalysis of Medium ccess Control Protocols for d Hoc Networks, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, Vol.6, No.1, pp.2 16 (24). 2) P.H. Lehne and M.Pettersen.: n Overview of Smart ntenna Technology for Mobile Communications Systems, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, Vol.2, No.4 (1999). 3) J.H. Winters.: Smart ntennas for Wireless Systems, IEEE Personal Communications, Vol.5, No.1, pp (1998). 4) R.R.Choudhury, X.Yang, R.Ramanathan and N.H.Vaidya.: On designing MC protocols for wireless networks using directional antennas, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol.5, No.5, pp (22). 5) R.R.Choudhury and N.Vaidya.: Mac-layer capture: problem in wireless mesh networks using beamforming antennas, IEEE SECON, pp (27). 6) P.Li, Q.Shen, Y.Fang, and H.Zhang.: Power controlled network protocols for Multi- Rate ad hoc networks, IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, Vol.8, No.4, pp (29). 7) P.Li, X.Geng, and Y.Fang.: n adaptive power controlled MC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks, IEEE Transsaction on Wireless Communications, Vol.8, No.1, pp (29). 8) C.-C.Chen, H.Luo, E.Seo, N.H.Vaidya, and X.Wang.: Rate-adaptive framing for interfered wireless networks, IEEE INFOCOM, pp (27). 9). Kamerman and L. Monteban.: WaveLN-II: a high-performance Wireless LN for the Unlicensed and, ell Labs Technical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp (1997).

TCP/IP IEEE Bluetooth LAN TCP TCP BEC FEC M T M R M T 2. 2 [5] AODV [4]DSR [3] 1 MS 100m 5 /100m 2 MD 2 c 2009 Information Processing Society of

TCP/IP IEEE Bluetooth LAN TCP TCP BEC FEC M T M R M T 2. 2 [5] AODV [4]DSR [3] 1 MS 100m 5 /100m 2 MD 2 c 2009 Information Processing Society of IEEE802.11 [1]Bluetooth [2] 1 1 (1) [6] Ack (Ack) BEC FEC (BEC) BEC FEC 100 20 BEC FEC 6.19% 14.1% High Throughput and Highly Reliable Transmission in MANET Masaaki Kosugi 1 and Hiroaki Higaki 1 1. LAN