Bulletin of Toyohashi Sozo College 1999, No. 3, EU Social Policy and the Market Economy Recent Events concerning the European Works Councils

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1 Bulletin of Toyohashi Sozo College 1999, No. 3, EU Social Policy and the Market Economy Recent Events concerning the European Works Councils It is now estimated that over 400 European Works Councils (EWCs) are in operation for the purpose of information disclosure and consultation in multinational companies in the European Economic Area. This article, which supplements a series of empirical researches on management views of the EWCs, briefly reviews recent major events and findings on the theme, which include; transposition of the Directive 94/45/EC in the EEA countries, UK opt-in to the Maastricht social chapter, national and industrial break-down of the established article 13 EWCs and an analysis of agreements. EWC European Works Council 2 1) 1974 Social Action Programme 2) 1905 Betriebsräte Council Resolution of 21 January 1974 concerning a social action programme, EC Official Journal (OJ), C13 12/02/1974.

2 16 3) comité d entreprise 1986 EWC Auroux 4) 5) 6) 1980 EU 7) W. EC neovoluntarism 8) R. Blanpain and P. Windey European Works Councils: Information and Consultation of Employees in Multinational Enterprises in Europe. Leuven: Peeters. J. R.B. J. R.B. Freeman and J. Rogers Who speaks for us? Employee representation in the non-union labor market, in B. Kaufman and M.M. Kleiner ed., Employee Representation: Alternatives and Future Directions. Madison: IRRA. 4 J. Rogers and W. Streeck Workplace Representation Overseas: The Works Councils Story, in J. Rogers and W. Streeck. Working under Different Rules. New York: Russel Stage Foundation. 5 R. Blanpain and P. Windey op. cit. RSU 70 6 J. Rogers and W. Streeck op. cit. p F. J. 8 W. Streeck and S. Vitols The European Community: Between mandatory consultation and voluntary information, in J. Rogers and W. Streeck eds. Works Councils-Consultation, Representation, and Cooperation in Industrial Relations. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 255.

3 17 The Social Charter 12 EC 9) ) EU 14 EU EFTAEEA European Economic Area 1, ) 9 P. 94/45/ECEU EU Council Directive 94/45/EC of 22 September 1994 on the establishment of a European Works Council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups of undertakings for the purpose of informing and consulting employees, OJ, L254 30/9/94. EU a b c EU TUC European Works Council. London: LRD Publications. EU EEA

4 18 subsidiary requirements SR1 2 SR2 3 1f SR3 SR5, ) i.e. 13) SNB special negotiating bodysnb SNB C. Rivest Voluntary European Works Councils, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2 2, p

5 19 SNB 2/ SNB 6 3 SNB ) B. SNB 15) ) 17) SNB SNB R. Blanpain ed Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. 15 B. Bercusson European Works Councils: Extending the Trade Union Role. London: The Institute of Employment Rights. 16 EU regulation directive DG5 P. 2 R. Blanpain ed op. cit., p European Foundation The impact of European Works Councils. Dublin.

6 Collective agreement between LO and NHO ( ), and Act No. 63 ( ) Collective agreement No. 62 (National Labour Council/96.2.6) Act No. 359 on European Works Councils (96.5.9) Act No. 371 on European Works Councils ( ) Transnational Information and Consultation of Employees Act ( ) Act amending the Co-determination Act (96.8.9) Part V of Works Constitution Act, Federal Law No. 601 ( ) Act on European Works Councils ( ) National interconfederal agreement ( ) Law No concerning the information and consultation of employees in Community-scale undertakings and groups of undertakings ( ) Act on European Works Councils, European and national works councils in the Netherlands-NL F ( ) Presidential Decree No. 40, European Works Councils GR N ( ) Law on the right of employees in Community-scale undertakings and group of undertakings to information and consultation ( ) European Communities Act European Foundation (EFILWC) The impact of European Works Councils. Dublin. 7.2 SNB 18) 18 W. Buschak Transposition of the EWC-Directive into National Law. ETUI. pp working party a c

7 21 SNB ) controlling undertaking ) 15 4 SNB SNB 5 21) SNB 22) 1 9 SNB 6 SNB SNB SNB 3 23) 19 W. Buschak op. cit. p f 20 European Works Councils Bulletin, 11, September/October 1997, p W. Buschak op. cit. p SNB 23 SNB SNB

8 ) 13 25) ) SNB 2 27) % 1 50% 2 75% 3 SNB 5 24 W. Buschak op. cit. p European Works Councils Bulletin, 14, March/April 1998, p. 12 ibid., 17, September/October SNB

9 WC WC WC WC WC TU TU TU TU TU EL EL EL 1/3 2/3 RSU European Works Councils Bulletin, 14, March/April * WC: TU: EL: 28)

10 24 3 select committee SR1c SR2 29) 30) SR3 31) SR4 SR5 SR6 32) 33) SR7 4 4 SR1f

11 25 11 Protocol on Social Policy Agreement on Social Policy ( social chapter ) EU 14 34) opt-in 6 7 EWC parental leave extension EU 97/74/EC 35) 1 2 SNB I. 36) 10 2 EU 2 94/45/EC 37) SNB 34 Single European Act a 35 Council Directive 97/74/EC of 15 December 1997 extending, to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Directive 94/45/EC on the establishment of a European Works Council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups of undertakings for the purpose of informing and consulting employees, OJ, L10 16/01/1998. OJ, C335 06/11/1997 OJ, C371 08/12/1997 OJ, C355 21/11/ Fairness at Work 37 European Works Councils Bulletin, 12, November/December 1997

12 26 13 SNB EEA SNB multi-unionism TUC Trades Union Congress 125 EWC ) ETUI European Trade Union Institute ) ) 13 %69 22% 46 22% 35 32% 53 48% 16 19% 17 28% 18 31% 11 9% 6 17% 14 40% % % 49 18% 43 32% 46 38% 12 20% 18 38% 7 19% 4 38 European Works Councils Bulletin, 13, January/February ETUI Multinationals Database: Inventory of Companies Affected by the EWC Directive. Brussels. 97 P. EEA 40 UK 136

13 Others Portugal Without EWC Australia* With EWC (A.13) Ireland Canada* Norway Spain Belgium Austria Finland Japan* Denmark Italy Switzerland* Sweden Netherlands UK France USA* Germany Numbers ETUI Multinationals Database: Inventory of Companies Affected by the EWC Directive. Brussels. *EEA 41) EFILWC European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions ) 41 C. Rivest op. cit. 4 EMF European Metalworkers Federation, EFCGU European Federation of Chemicals and General Workers Unions, ECF-IUF European Committee of the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers Union, EFBWW European Federation of Building and Woodworkers 42 P. Marginson et al Negotiating European Works Councils: An Analysis of Agreements under Article 13: Report prepared for the EFILWC and the European Commission (Interim Version). EFILWC EC 1975

14 28 43) % 34% 75% 25% 75% 42% % EEA 19% 15% 5% 2 78% 15% 7% Vilvoorde Germanic-Dutch Franco-Belgian Anglo-Irish

15 29 44) /129/EEC 94/45/EC 45) Renault European Group Committee EWC ) ) 44 European Works Councils Bulletin, 9, May/June 1997, ibid. 12, November/December 1997, ibid. 15, May/June Council Directive 75/129/EEC of 17 February 1975 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to collective redundancies, OJ, L48 22/02/ EWC 89 47

Bulletin of Toyohashi Sozo College , No. 2, It has been over two years since the enforcement of the European Works Councils Directive

Bulletin of Toyohashi Sozo College 145 1998, No. 2, 145 156 It has been over two years since the enforcement of the European Works Councils Directive 94/45/EC. The establishment of the councils under the