戦争指導
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1 G Michael Howard, Military Science in the Age of Peace, RUSI Journal, Vol. 119, No. 1, 1974, p
2 Williamson Murray and Mark Grimsley, Introduction: On Strategy, in The Making of Strategy, Williamson Murray, MacGregor Knox and Alvin Bernstein, eds., New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994, p Colin S. Gray, Modern Strategy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp Paul Kennedy, Grand Strategies in War and Peace, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991, pp John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Contai nment : A Critica l Appraisal of Postwar American Nationa l Security Policy, New York: Oxford University Press, 1982, p. viii. 55
3 Calvin L. Christman, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Craft of Strategic Assessment, in Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett, eds., Calculations: Net Assessment and the Coming of World War II, New York: Free Press, 1992, pp Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., War and the Constitution: Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt, in Gabor S. Boritt, ed., Lincol n, The War President, New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, pp ; James McGregor Burns, The Lion and the Fox, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1956; Eric Larranbee, Commander In Chief: FDR, His Lieutenants, and Thei r War, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987, pp Colin S. Gray, Strategic Culture as Context, in Modern Strategy, pp Murray and Grimsley, Introduction: On Strategy, in The Making of Stra t egy, p
4 Colin Gray, Modern Strategy, pp , Eliot Cohen and John Gooch, Military Misfortunes,, The Anatomy of Fail ure in War, New York: Free Press, 1987, p. 57 and pp : Thomas C. Mahnken, Uncovering Ways of War: U. S. Intelli gence and Foreign Mil itary Innovation, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, Arthur Bryant, The Turn of the T i de, New York: Macmillan, 1957, p
5 Mark A. Stoler, Al lies and Adversaries : The Joint Chief s of Sta ff, the Grand All iance and U. S. Strategy in World War II, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, Edward S. Miller, War P l an Orange: The U. S. Strategy to De f eat Japan , Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1991, p. xix. Michael Vlahos, The Naval War College and The Origins of War-Planning Against Japan, Naval War College Review, Summer, 1980, p
6 Ibid., pp. 4, Michael Vlahos, The B l ue Sword : The Naval War College and the American M i ss i on, , Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 1980, pp E. Miller, War Plan Orange, p Henry G. Gole, The Road to Rainbow: Army P l anning for G l obal War, , Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, : Michael Vlahos, The Naval War College and The Origins of War-Planning Against Japan, Naval War College Review, July-August, 1980, pp ; Michael K. Doyle, The U.S. Navy and War Plan Orange, : Making Necessity a Virtue, Naval War College Review, May-June 1980, pp ; Gerald E. Wheeler, National Policy Planning Between the World Wars: Conflict Between Ends and Means, Naval War College Review, February 1969, pp
7 : Louis Morton, Germany First: The Basic Concept of Allied Strategy in World War II, in Kent Roberts Greenfield, ed., Command Decisions, Washington: Department of the U.S. Army, 1960, pp ; Ronald Spector, The Military Effectiveness of the US Armed Forces, , in Allan R. Millett and Williamson Murray, eds., Mi litary Effect iveness : Volume II, Winchester, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1990, pp ; Maurice Matloff, The American Approach to War, , in Michael Howard, ed., The Theory and Practice of War, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1965, pp
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10 Dog 19 Louis Morton, Germany First, Command Decisi ons, p
11 3 ABC U Clay Blair, Hitler s U-Boa t War : The Hunters, , New York: Random House, 1996; Paul G. Halpern, A Nava l History of Worl d War I, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995; pp Halpern, A Nava l History of Wor l d War I, p. 351; Robert L. O Connell, Sacred Vessels : The Cu l t of the Battleship and the Rise of the U.S. Navy, Oxford University Press, 1991, p Kenneth J. Hagan, This Peop l e s Navy: The Mak i ng of Amer i can Sea Power, New York: Free 64
12 % Press, 1991, p Allan Millett and Peter Maslowski, For the Common Defense, New York: Free Press, 1995, p U 5,000 1,100 U Winston Churchil, The World Crisis, New York: Scribner s 1992, p / ( / ) Michael Vlahos, The Bl ue Sword; Michael Vlahos, Wargaming, an Enforcer of Strategic Realism: , Nava l War College Revi ew, March-April, 1986, pp Edward S. Miller, Wa r Plan Orange, p Vlahos, Wargaming, an Enforcer of Strategic Realism. 65
13 ( ) George Baer, One Hundred Years of Sea Power, The U. S. Navy, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994, p William F. Trimble, Admira l William A. Moffett: Architect of Naval Aviati on, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Press, Barry Watts and Williamson Murray, Innovation in Peacetime, in Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett, eds., Military Innovati on in the Interwar Period, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp Jan M. van Tol, Military Innovation and Carrier Aviation-The Relevant History, Joint Force Quarterly, Summer 1997, pp in Autumn/Winter 1997/1998,.pp
14 ( ) ( ) U 31 Ibid., p : Professor George Baer, One Hundred Years of Sea Power, p Thomas G. Manhken, Gazing at the Sun: The Office of Naval Intelligence and Japanese Naval Innovation, Intelligence and National Securit y, July 1996, pp ; Malcom Muir, Jr., Rearming in a Vacuum: U.S. Navy Intelligence and the Japanese Capital Ship Threat, , The Journal o f Military History, Oct. 1990, pp David C. Evans and Mark R. Peattie, Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics and Technology in the Imperia l Japanese Navy , Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, Vlahos, The Bl ue Sword, pp J.E. Talbott, Weapons Development, War Planning and Policy: The U.S. Navy and the Submarine, , Naval War College Review, May-June 1984, pp , R. Spector, Eagl e Against the Sun, FIRST USE, pp , pp David McGregor, The Use, Misuse, and Non-Use of History: The Royal Navy and the Operational Lessons of the First World War, Journal of Mi litary History, Oct. 1992, pp
15 37 2 Paukenschlag U U U 8 U 39 U Clay Blair, Hitler s U-Boat War; The Hunters, New York: Random House, 1996; Nathan Miller, War at Sea: A Naval History of Worl d War II, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp , pp ; Samuel Eliot Morison, The Two-Ocean War, Boston: Little, Brown, Cohen and Gooch, M il itary M i s f ortunes, p. 59; George Baer, One Hundred Years of Sea Power: p Morison, The Two-Ocean War, p Cohen and Gooch, Military Misf ortunes, pp Clay Blair, Silent Vi ctory: The U. S. Submarine War Against Japan, New York: Lippincott, 1975 Volumes I and II; Ronald H. Spector, Eagle Against the Sun: The Ameri can War with Japan, New York: Free Press, p. 985; Nathan Miller, War at Sea : A Naval Hi story of World War II, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp Holger, H. Herwig, Innovation Iignored: The Ssubmarine Pproblem-Germany, Britain and the United States, , pp in Murray and Millett, Military Innovation in the 68
16 % 47 Interwar Period % I. J. Galantin, Submari ne Admira l, Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1995, p. 77. Stephen Peter Rosen, Winni ng the Next War; Innovation and the Modern Military, New York: Cornell University Press, 1991, pp Miller, War at Sea, pp ; Robert Gannon, He l l i ons of the Deep: The Development of Ameri can Torpedoes in World War II, University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, E. Miller, War a t Sea, p , , % 47 Blair, Silent Victory, p. xviii, Charles A. Lockwood, Sink Em Al l, New York: Dutton, 1951; Edward L. Beach, Submarine!, New York: Holt, 1952, p. 20; Galantin, p. 80; Theodore Roscoe, U. S. Submarine Operations in World War II, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1949, p
17 A Landing Vehicle, Tracked Allan R. Millett, Semper Fidelis: The History of the Uni ted States Marine Corps, New York: Free Press, 1991, pp , ; Jeter A. Isely and Philip A. Crowl, The U. S. Mari nes and Amphibious Warf are : Its Theory and Its Practice in the Pacific, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951, pp ; Allan R. Millett, Assault from the sea in Military Innovati on in the Interwar Period, pp Dirk A. Ballendorf and Merrill L. Bartlett, Pete Elli s, An Amphibious Warf are Prophet, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, B.L. Crumley, The Marine Corps, Three Centuries of Glory, San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay, 2002, pp Allan Millett, Assault from the Sea, Innovation in the Interwar Period, pp Jerry E. Strahan, Andrew Jackson Higgi ns and the Boats 70
18 A 53 J F C that Won World War II, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, George W. Baer, One Hundred Years of Seapower, p. 27. Isley Crowl, The U.S. Marines and Amphibious Warfare. p Isley and Crowl, The U. S. Mari nes and Amphibious Warfare, p Joseph H. Alexander, Storm Landi ngs : Epic Amphibious Battles in the Central Pacific, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997, p. 6 71
19 Russell F. Weigley, The American Way of War : A Hi story of United States Mili tary Strategy and Policy, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1977, p David Johnson, Fast Tanks and Heavy Bombers, , Innovati on in the U. S. Army, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003 Steven Ross, Ameri can War Plans, , London: Frank Cass, 1994, p Steven Ross, Amer i can War P l ans, , London: Frank Cass, 1994, p
20 William O. Odom, After the Trenches, The Transformati on of U. S. Army Doctri ne, , College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, Johnson, Fast Tanks and Heavy Bombers, pp : Williamson Murray, Armored Warfare in Innovation in the Interwar Period, pp Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett, A War To Be Won: Fighting The Second Worl d War, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harward University, 2000, pp Martin Blumenson, Kasserine Pass, pp , in Charles E. Heller and William A. Stofft, eds., America s First Battles, , Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, Williamson Murray, Armored Warfare in M i litary Innovat i on in the Interwar Period, p
21 David MacIssac, Voices from the Central Blue: The Air Power Theorists, in Peter Paret, Makers o f Modern Strategy: from Machiavel li to the Nuclear Age, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986, p Johnson, Fas t Tanks and Heavy Bombers, p S The Strategic Air War agai nst Germany and Japan, A Memoir, Washington DC: United States Air Force, Ibid. 74
22 B ,000 2, , AWPD Rebecca Grant, Flying Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Air Force Journal, March 2002, p Johnson, Fast Tanks and Heavy Bombers, p Richard R. Muller, Close Air Support: The German, British and American Experiences, in Innovation in the Interwar Period, p. 180 Jonathan M. House, Towards Combined Arms Warf are, Leavenworth: Kansas
23 Johnson, Fast Tanks and Heavy Bombers, p Williamson Murray, Strategic bombing: The British, American and German Experiences, in Innovation in the Interwar Period, pp Muller, Close Air Support, in Innovation i n the Interwar Per i od, pp Ibid., p
24 Macgregor Knox, Conclusion: Continuity and Revolution in the Making of Strategy, in The Making of Strategy, pp Williamson Murray, comments at the Past Futures: History and the Military Profession conference, Marine Corps University, Quantico, VA, Sept. 9,
25 Eliot Cohen, The Strategy of Innocence? in The Making of Strategy, p Walter McDougall, The Three Reasons We Teach History, Foreign Policy Research Institute Bulletin, Philadelphia, PA, February, Murray and Millett, A War to be Won, pp Rosen, Winn i ng the Nex t War, p
26 Michael Howard, RUSI Chesney Lecture, October, Eliot A. Cohen, The Strategy of innocence? in The Mak i ng o f Strategy, pp Maurice Matloff, Allied Strategy in Europe, in Makers o f Modern Strategy, p
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