The Center for the Study of Contemporary India, Ryukoku University The Living Tradition of Indian Philosophy in Contemporary India

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2 The Center for the Study of Contemporary India, Ryukoku University The Living Tradition of Indian Philosophy in Contemporary India

3 RINDAS -

5 RINDAS - Suttanip ta Sn Aṭṭhaka-vagga Kalahaviv da-sutta Sn -- Dhammapada-Ud navarga III Sn I - III Dhammapada, Therag th, Saṃyutta-nik ya Sag tha-vagga II I Sn IV V P r yana-vagga I Uraga-vagga Khaggavis na-sutta I II III Sn II III Wilhelm Geiger Pali Literatur und Sprache Strassburg, G th Geiger G th I G th II III Noritoshi ARAMAKI, The Fundamental Truth of Buddhism: Prat tyasamutp da Conditioned Becoming and Conditionless Being -,, p.. -

6 Suttanip ta Suttanip ta I I IV. Aṭṭhaka-vagga,. II I.Uraga-vagga, Khaggavis na-sutta, - V. P r yana-vagga, -. II III I, II, III Vaggas - Dhp, SN, Th,... III IV - ; - ; - Nik ya, V I, II, III Vagga Vinaya *Dhp: Dhammapada, SN: Saṃyutta-nik ya, Th: Therather g th Helmer Smith Critical Pali Dictionary Helmer Smith Sn PTS Dines Anderson Paramatthajyotik Vol. II H. Smith Smith Niddesa Buddhaghosa Smith Les deux prosodies du vers bouddhique Bulletin de la Société Royale des Lettres des Lund, I. -, - I II I II II I I Sn Smith Paramatthajyotik Vol. II I II Smith I II I II Sn I II I II pp. -. Suttanip ta pp. -

7 RINDAS vir ga, virajj-, viratta- khanti yakkha saññ kamma santi ariya buddha sacca vi-, saṃ- suddha, suddhi sam uggah- diṭṭhi saṃs ra niraya saṃkh ra parinibb na saṃgha sugata arahat s vaka up saka bhikkhavo vir ga virajj-, viratta-, khanti, yakkha saññ, santi, kamma, ariya, buddha sacca, vi-, saṃ- suddha, diṭṭhii II saṃs ra niraya saṃkh ra parinibb na saṃgha sugata arahat s vaka up saka I II I vir ga, khanti, yakkha I Aṣṭ dhy y P ṇ atapatha Br hmaṇa Bṛhad raṇyaka Upaniṣad II III I II vir ga, virajj-, viratta- vir ga virajj-, viratta- II,,, ab. sampannaveyy karaṇan tava-y-idaṃ, samujjupaññassa samuggah taṃ III samm -diṭṭhi, diṭṭhi-sampanna

8 I,,, vir ga vir ga.. : doṣo ṇau duṣ doṣ o d ṣayati.. : v citta-vir ge doṣayati d ṣayati I vir ga, virajj r ga, rajj c na r ga-r g na vir ga-ratto d na hi so rajjati no virajjat vi- kraya VS, TS, vikraya AV r ga, rajj vir ga, virajj, bhava vibhava saññ visaññ khanti khanti Skt kṣ nti II,,, kṣam- cakṣamire,,,, ;,,, cd. anūpayo so upayaṃ kim eyya, diṭṭhe sute khantim akubbam no ab. pur ṇaṃ nâbhinandeyya, nave khantiṃ na kubbaye yakkha yakṣa Ṛgveda RV Atharvaveda AV tman yakṣa AV aunaka,,. tásmin hiraṇyáye kó e tryàre trípratiṣṭhite tásmin yád yakṣám tmanvát tád vái brahmavído viduḥ brahman brahman yakṣa tad dv bhy m eva pratyavaid r peṇa caiva n mn ca... te haite brahmaṇo mahat yakṣe brahman yakṣa saññâviratta- a-viratta-.. s dati ruti

9 RINDAS.. sa yo haitaṃ mahad yakṣaṃ prathamajaṃ veda satyaṃ brahmeti jayat m ṃl lok n I, yakṣa tman AV ab. et vat aggam pi vadanti h eke, yakkhassa suddhiṃ idha paṇḍit se II yakkha yakkha I II I sacca sacca I. saccan ti so br hmaṇo kiṃ vadeyya mus ti v so vivadetha kena yasmiṃ samaṃ visamañ c pi n atthi sa kena v daṃ paṭisaṃyujeyya II sacca. amosa-dhammaṃ nibb naṃ tad ariy saccato vidū te ve sacc bhisamay nicch t parinibbut vi-, saṃ- suddha, suddhi vi-, sam- suddha, suddhi I. s labbataṃ v pi pah ya sabbaṃ kammañ ca s vajj navajjam etaṃ suddh asuddh ti apatthay no yakṣa Louis Renou, Etudes védiques et p ṇinéennes =EVP, vol., pp., sacca- I,, II.. sacca < *s tya-

10 virato care santim anuggah ya I II.. II suddha-. yo dha puññañ ca p pañ ca ubho saṅgaṃ upaccag asokaṃ virajaṃ suddhaṃ tam ahaṃ brūmi br hmaṇaṃ sacca, suddha satya.. tasyopaniṣat satyasya satyam iti ṛta satya RV śuddha,. evaṃ haivaivaṃvid yady api bahv iva p paṃ kurute sarvam eva tat saṃps ya uddhaḥ p to jaro mṛtaḥ saṃbhavati. śuddha RV satya śuddha RV RV.. mr tyóḥ padáṃ yopáyanto yád aíta drāǵh ya āýuḥ prataráṃ dádh n ḥ pyāýam n ḥ prajáy dhánena uddhā ḥ p tā bhavata yajñiy saḥ // II, II arahat.., P ṇ...

11 RINDAS I II bhikkhavo bhikṣ- AV brahmac rin Bhikṣu-sūtra P ṇ.. I bhikkhu II saṃgha s vaka up saka II... I II - s vaka I bhikkhavo bhikkhave, tatra kho bhagav bhikkhū mantesi, bhikkhavo ti, bhadante ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosum. bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyy ma upasampadan ti, etha bhikkhavo ti bhagav avoca. bhikkhavo II III bhikkhave bhikkhavo I II I II I II II I I I I II Mieko KAJIHARA, The brahmac rin in the Atharvaveda, Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies Vol., No., March :,,,,, ; :,,, ; :,. Sabhiya-sutta p. -e

12 I II.... II I II II suddha mant viññ ṇa akiñcana, kiñcañña jar maccu, j tijar, punabbhava, nibbana, nibbuta, m ra, maccu-r ja, vedan, upadhi, an sava, saṃyojan a-; iya- : sakka, sakya, s kiya sakka sakka *, sakya, s kiya muni buddha sambuddha tath gata sam uggah- :, sikkhati: I II suddha- II mant II I I r pa saññ I II vedan, viññ ṇa saṃkh ra II I II II muni buddha I I muni buddha muni= buddha= muni buddha I II buddha muni,..... a sakya- sakka = akra, sakka- - -

13 RINDAS sambuddha, tath gata II II buddha II sakyamuni sakyamuni Rummindei Minor Pillar Inscription, II sam uggah-, sikkhati I II II / / sam uggah- / / sikkhati / / I II sakka, sakya, s kiya sakka- II sakya s kiya sakka a sakya- sakka akra, sakka- -ky- Sn PTS a II sakya- sakka- II sakya-, s kiya -ky- -ky- sakya svara-bhakti -i- -kiy- sakiya/s kiya -kk- sakkesu mah n ma-sakka- I II sakka II -ky- -k i y- -ky- Girnar Shahbazgarhi -kk- -k- Jaugada, Dhauli, Sahasram Rupnath, Bairat -kiy-erragudi, Siddapura, Brahmagiri, Maski, Gavimath sakyamuni -ky- Rummindei Lumbini sakyamuni II II -ky- II II c,e c, a d, d, a... bhikkhavo bhikkhavo II / bhikkhave III...

14 saṃs ra, saṃsar-, saṃsita- II Mah bh rata I II I II III II - Sn - Sn - L. de la Vallée Poussin, Théorie des douze causes, Gand pp. -, I II II III -? > x x x x := y y x kalaha,viv da macchara kalaha pesuṇa * x x?, x x II III I II p.

15 RINDAS - 862? > kalaha, viv da; parideva-soka, macchara; m na-atim na, pesu a; 863 piya > kalaha,viv da; parideva-soka,macchara; m na-atim na,pesu a; kalaha,viv da viv da macchara pesu a 864? > piya := lobha (vicaranti loke)? > s, ni h ; := sampar y ya narassa honti 865 chanda > piya := lobha (vicaranti loke) *vinicchaya (ito) > s, ni h := sampar y ya narassa honti 866? > chanda? > vinicchaya (chanda) := kodha, mosavajja, katha kath := ye vâpi dhamm sama ena vutt 867 s ta-as ta > chanda bhava-vibhava > vinicchaya (r pesu disv vibhava bhavañ ca vinicchaya kurute) 868 *s ta-as ta(dvaya) > kodha, mosavajja, katha kath := ete dhamm ñ a > katha kath katha kath ñ apath ya sikkhe) ñatv : pavutt sama ena dhamm 869? > s ta-as ta? > s ta-as ta? > bhava-vibhava (yam etam attha bhava-vibhava s ta-as ta) 870 phassa > s ta-as ta phassa > *s ta-as ta (ete) *pariggaha (ito) > bhava-vibhava (yam etam attha bhava-vibhava s ta-as ta) 871? > phasssa? > phassa? > pariggaha? > mamatta[= pariggaha] 872 r pa, n ma; > phassa r pa[+n ma] > phassa icch > pariggaha icch > mamatta[= pariggaha] 873? > r pa[+n ma]? > sukha-dukkha[=icch ] 874 saññ > r pa[+n ma] saññ > * papañca-sa kh [=icch, =sukha-dukkha] piya s, niṭṭh chanda vinicchaya chanda vinicchaya x x x y x y x

16 saññ r pa papañca x x x r pa papañca : pariggaha mamatta, : icch sukha-dukkha, : sukha-dukkha papañca. r pa, n ma, r pa kalaha pesuṇa kalaha,viv da piya lobha s, niṭṭh chanda kodha, mosavajja, kathaṃkath kodha, mosavajja, kathaṃkath s ta-as ta chanda kathaṃkath piya < chanda < s ta-as ta < phassa < r pa s ta-as ta bhava-vibhava s, niṭṭh piya vinicchaya chanda bhavavibhava s ta-as ta pariggaha mamatta phassa icch sukha-dukkha papañca r pa n ma kalaha, viv da macchara viv da pesuṇa saññ r pa papañca saññ

17 RINDAS papañca salla papañca. saññaṃ pariññ vitareyya oghaṃ pariggahesu muni n opalitto abbūḷhasallo caraṃ appamatto n siṃsati lokam imaṃ parañ ca. os ne tv-eva vy ruddhe disv me aratī ahu ath ettha sallaṃ addakkhiṃ duddasaṃ hadaya-nissitaṃ. yena sallena otiṇṇo dis sabb vidh vati tam eva sallaṃ abbuyha na dh vati na sīdati duddasa- papañca papañca. mūlaṃ papañca-saṃkh y mant asmī ti sabbam uparundhe y k ci taṇh ajjhattaṃ t saṃ vinay sad sato sikkhe papañca - - saññ nibb na papañca PTS nisīdati Niddesa na sīdati mant asmi man-, manas atiman- manas RV... kiṃ no bhr tar agastya sakh sann ati manyase vidm hi te yath mano 'smabhyam in na ditsasi manas manas manas vai samr ṭ striyam abhih ryati tasy ṃ pratir paḥ putro j yate. sa nandaḥ.

18 - sukha-dukkha icch papañca papañca pra-pac- papañca papañca kalaha,viv da ( ) macchara viv da ( ) pesu a 863,864 piya lobha ( ) s, ni h 865,866, chanda ( ) vinicchaya 868 [ dhamma] 867 s ta-as ta bhava-vibhava 869,870 phassa ( ) pariggaha mamatta 871,872,873 r pa n ma ( ) icch sukha-dukkha 874 papañca saññ prapañca *pañcati Shina Turner : pac- sg. p ˊžei < *pañcati // mužei < muñcáti. Turner, R. L. A comparative dictionary of Indo-Aryan languages. London: Oxford University Press, -. pra-pac- pac- loka-pakti... prap ka Suśrutasaṃhit a pp. ff

19 RINDAS dhamma dhamma dhamma dhamma,,, - - dhamma dhamma dhamma dhamma r pa r pa r pa r pa n ma r pa r pa r pa n ma r pa phassa r pa r pa b

20 phassa perception dhamma dhamma chanda chanda dhamma dhamma dhamma - dhamma dhamma dhamma dhamma dhamma r pa piya dhamma nibb na nibb na. pucch mi taṃ dicca-bandhuṃ vivekaṃ santi-padañ ca mahesiṃ kathaṃ disv nibb ti bhikkhu anup diy no lokasmiṃ kiñci. mūlaṃ papañcasaṃkh y mant asmī ti sabbam uparundhe y k ci taṇh ajjhattaṃ t saṃ vinay sad sato sikkhe. yaṃ kiñci dhammam abhijaññ ajjhattam atha v pi bahiddh na tena th maṃ kubbetha na hi s nibbuti sataṃ vutt r pa, phassa r pa

21 RINDAS. vivekaṃ yeva sikkhetha etad ariy nam uttamaṃ tena seṭṭho na maññetha sa ve nibb na-santike - sikkhati. y ni loke gathit ni na tesu pasuto siy nibbijjha sabbaso k me sikkhe nibb nam attano sikkhati sikkhati ak- sikkhati sikkhati II saññ kuto pah t kalah viv d parideva-sok saha-macchar ca / m nâtim n saha-pesuṇ ca kuto pah t te tad iṃgha br hi // rya rya rya RV RV..,,, gathita- Skt grathita- Renou, Gr.Skt. Y jñavalkya tman/brahman

22 parideva parideva-dhamma - soka,,,,. macchara. sabbattha muni anissito na piyaṃ kubbati nopi appiyaṃ tasmiṃ parideva-maccharaṃ paṇṇe v ri yath na lippati soka-parideva / macchara, m na tma-m nap ṇ.. II. anattani atta-m naṃ passa lokaṃ sadevakaṃ atim na... piy pah t kalah viv d parideva-sok saha-macchar ca / m n tim n saha-pesuṇ ca / macchariya-yutt kalah viv d viv da-j tesu ca pesuṇ ni // viv da-j ta j ta-viv da P ṇ... piy su lokasmiṃ kuto-nid n ye v pi lobh vicaranti loke / s ca niṭṭh ca kuto-nid n ye sampar y ya narassa honti // d ye s, niṭṭh anacoluthon L. Renou, Grammaire de langue védique, p. ; H. Oertel, The syntax of cases in the narrative and descriptive proses of the Br hmaṇas, p. ff.

23 RINDAS d ye s.. yathaivopakaraṇavat ṃ j vitam tathaiva te j vitaṃ sy t amṛtatvasya tu n sti vitteneti niṭṭh Bhagvadgit,. siddhiṃ pr pto yath brahma tath pnoti nibodha me sam senaiva kaunteya niṣṭh jñ nasya y par s, niṭṭh piya chand -nid n ni piy ni loke ye v pi lobh vicaranti loke / s ca niṭṭh ca ito-nid n ye sampar y ya narassa honti // chanda: P ṇ.... chandaso nirmite yat chandas chandasyam Dhammapada II chand -nid na- Renou, Gr.Skt,.B. ito-nid na- etad idam ito- vinicchaya- II ito sneha atta vana. r go ca doso ca kuto-nid n aratī ratī lomahaṃso kutoj kuto samuṭṭh ya mano vitakk kum rak vaṃkam iv ossajanti. r go ca doso va ito-nid n aratī ratī lomahaṃso itoj ito samuṭṭh ya mano vitakk kum rak vaṃkam iva ossajanti = Cf. Jules Bloch, Les inscription d Asoka,. K.R. Norman, The group of discourses, Vol., Comm. ad p.. Brahmas tra brahman Paul Deussen, Das system des Vedânta,, p., n.. Le monde, en tnt que fait par le libre désir de la divinité Renou.

24 . sneha-j atta-sambhūt nigrodhass^eva khandhaj puthū visatt k mesu m luv va vitat vane vana vana chando nu lokasmiṃ kuto-nid no vinicchay v pi kuto pah t / kodho mosavajjañ ca kathaṃkath ca ye v pi dhamm samaṇena vutt // vinicchaya-: I. vinicchaye ṭhatv sayaṃ pam ya uddhaṃ so lokasmiṃ viv dam eti hitv na sabb ni vinicchay ni na medhakaṃ kurute jantu loke II kodha, mosavajja, kathaṃkath chanda s taṃ as tan ti yam hu loke tam paniss ya pahoti chando / r pesu disv vibhavaṃ bhavañ ca vinicchayaṃ kurute jantu loke // bhava, vibhava vibhava, vibh - bhava M nava-gṛhyas tra bhava vi-.... kodho mosavajjañ ca kathaṃkath ca ete pi dhamm dvaya-m-eva sante / kathaṃkath ñ ṇa-path ya sikkhe ñatv pavutt samaṇena dhamm //..

25 RINDAS cd... sikkhati.. c-d dhamma s taṃ as tañ ca kuto-nid n kismiṃ asante na bhavanti h ete / vibhavaṃ bhavañ câpi yam etam atthaṃ etam me pabr hi yato-nid naṃ // s ta-as ta bhava- vibhava phassa-nid naṃ s taṃ as taṃ phasse asante na bhavanti h ete / vibhavaṃ bhavañ c pi yam etam atthaṃ etaṃ te pabr mi ito-nid naṃ // phassa..,,,,,.., P ṇ... phassa.. n. phassa ito- phasso nu lokasmiṃ kuto-nid no pariggah v pi kuto pah t / kismiṃ asante na mamattam atthi kismiṃ vibh te na phusanti phass // a d b c chiasmus

26 parigraha P ṇ... pariggaha c mamatta, mam yita pariggaha mamatta, mam yita pariggaha mamatta, mam yita pariggaha mamatta, mam yita pariggaha mamatta, mam yita n mañ ca r pañ ca paṭicca phass icch -nid n ni pariggah ni / icch na santy na mamattam atthi r pe vibh te na phusanti phass // n ma r pa RV n ma-r pa AV Paippal da,.rv n ma r pa RV r pa r pa.. RV n ma r pa Brahman Praj pati n ma r pa n ma r pa n ma r pa r pa n ma r pa r pa n ma r pa kathaṃ-sametassa vibhoti r paṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ vâpi kathaṃ vibhoti / etam me pabr hi yath vibhoti taṃ j niy ma iti me mano ah // icch sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ papañca RV.. ;..,..,.. EVP, p...,..,..,.. RV... Cf. Renou, EVP, p..,,, -. Cf. Sylvain Lévi, La doctrine du sacrifice dans les Br hmaṇas, pp. ff. a pp. ff.

27 RINDAS saññ papañca papañca-saṃkh papañca icch sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ sukha-dukkha s ta-as ta s ta-as ta bhava-vibhava sukha-dukkha r pa na sañña-saññ na visañña-saññ no pi asaññ na vibh ta-saññ / evaṃ-sametassa vibhoti r paṃ saññ -nid n hi papañca-saṃkh // visaññ vi-.... r pa sukha-dukkha saññ sukha-dukkha papañca saññ sacca saññ pakappita saññ saññ saññ saññ saññ r pa papañca.. II n ma-r pa papañca. anuvicca papañca-n ma-r paṃ ajjhattaṃ bahiddh ca roga-m laṃ sabba-roga-m la-bandhan pamutto anuvidito t di pavuccate tathatt n ma-r pa papañca II n ma-r pa r pa r pa r pa

28 nibb na, sacca, suddha AV Atharvaveda EVP Louis Renou, Etudes Védiques et P ṇinéennes Gr.Skt Louis Renou, Grammaire Sanskrite P ṇ P ṇini, Aṣṭ dhy yī PTS Pali Text Society RV Ṛgveda Skt Sanskrit Sn Suttanip ta

29 RINDAS pp. -. Suttanip ta saññ pp. -. a papañca saññ Aṭṭhakavagga pp. -. b NAKATANI, Hideaki, Buddha s scheme for forming noble-minded generalists in a society, Social Science Information,, pp. -, Maison des sciences de l homme, Paris. pp. -, pp. -.

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