342 FUJIWARA T. et al., , 1987, 1963, 1992, 1999, 2001b, 1985, 1985, 1988a 1988b, 1990, , 2001a, 1961, 1967, 1986 Minato et al., 198

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1 (Bulletin of FFPRI), Vol.3, No.4 (No.393), , Dec ) 1) 1) Mean basic density and density variation within individual trees in major plantation species FUJIWARA Takeshi 1), YAMASHITA Kana 1) and HIRAKAWA Yasuhiko 1) Abstract In order to obtain basic density of major plantation species and to analyze variations of density within individual trees, the basic density at breast height and air-dried density at 1 m intervals from 0.2 m above the ground were measured on 6 major species from 37 test stands. The density of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. calculated for each site was stable, while Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. showed significant difference between sites. The difference in the density between trees growing under different silvicultural treatments (thinning) was not significant, though the trees from thinned stands showed lower density than the trees from the control stands. The averages and 95% confidence limits of basic density in C. japonica, C. obtusa, L. kaempferi, Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr., Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Mast. and Picea glehnii (Fr. Schm.) Mast. were g/cm 3, g/cm 3, g/cm 3, g/cm 3, g/cm 3, g/cm 3, respectively. Two types of longitudinal variation in the density were found from bottom to top. The mean density of the bottom part was lower than that of the upper part in C. japonica and C. obtusa. On the other hand, the density was higher at the bottom part in L. kaempferi and the other three species, A. sachalinensis, P. jezoensis and P. glehnii. The pattern of radial variation was also classified into two groups and the species in each group corresponded with the species of the groups classified by the longitudinal variation. Because the density of the core woods of C. japonica and C. obtusa was higher than that of outer woods, upper discs showed higher density due to an increase of the core wood percentages. In the other species, low density in core wood resulted in the lower density at the upper discs. Key words : basic density, variation within trees, tree ring analysis, biomass, carbon absorption g/cm g/cm g/cm g/cm g/cm g/cm g/cm Received June 23, Accepted Aug. 27, 2004 * Department of wood properties, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute FFPRI, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan; fujiwara@ffpri.affrc.go.jp 1 Department of wood properties, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute FFPRI

2 342 FUJIWARA T. et al., , 1987, 1963, 1992, 1999, 2001b, 1985, 1985, 1988a 1988b, 1990, , 2001a, 1961, 1967, 1986 Minato et al., 1989, 1987, 1952 Minato et al., 1989 Hishinuma et al., r = Cryptomeria japonica D. DonChamaecyparis obtusa Endl. Larix kaempferi Lamb. Carr. Picea jezoensis Sieb. et Zucc. Carr. Abies sachalinensis Fr. Schm. Mast. Picea glehnii Fr. Schm. Mast. 6 Table 1 Abies homolepis Sieb. et Zucc. 1 4 Table , 2000, 2001a 2001b, m 1m 5cm 10cm m 1m 5mm mm

3 Mean basic density and density variation within individual trees in major plantation species 343 Table 1. Location of the stands used in present study and their basic information. Code Test stand Division Species Location Age year DBH cm Height m Density N/ha UTT a) c) UTC b) c) KGT a) c) FST a) c) FSC b) c) OIT a) c) AST a) c) NHT a) c) NHC b) c) KKT a) c) KKC b) c) TIT a) d) TIC b) d) UTM a) d) UTL a) d) HHT a) d) AHT a) d) MGT a) d) NKT a) d) TYT a) d) YCT a) e) KMT a) e) AZT a) e) YMT a) e) YMC b) e) ART a) e) HKT a) e) NGT a) e) AGT a) e) TBT a) f) NPT a) f) MNT a) g) MYT a) g) YBT a) h) HOT a) h) TMT a) h) FJC b) i) Note: a) Thinned stand, b) control stand, c) Cryptomeria japonica, d) Chamaecyparis obtusa, e) Larix kaempferi, f ) Abies sachalinensis, g) Picea jezoensis, h) Picea glehnii, i) Abies homolepis. 20kVp 14mA 4 Dendro2003 Walesche Electronic Microdensitometer 3CS Joyce Loebl Fig Bulletin of FFPRI, Vol.3, No.4, 2004

4 344 FUJIWARA T. et al. Fig Mean basic density and 95% confidence limit of C. japonica test stands. Fig Mean basic density and 95% confidence limit of L. kaempferi test stands. 5 Fig. 2 3 Fig. 4 Fig Mean basic density and 95% confidence limit of C. obtusa test stands. Fig Mean basic density and 95% confidence limit of A. sachalinensis, P. jezoensis and P. glehnii test stands g/ cm g/cm g/cm g/cm 3 Fig. 3 6, , 1987, 1985, 1988a 1988b, 1990, 1992, 1999, 2001a, b

5 Mean basic density and density variation within individual trees in major plantation species 345, 1998, 2003, 1998, 1963, , Table g/cm , , 1967, m 1 Figs m 5 10 Fig. 5 5 Fig Minato et al Hishinuma et al CW 16 OW Figs. 7 8CW OW Fig. 7 4 CW 5 10m OW CW Table Mean basic density and their 95% confidence limits of 7 species. Species Number of trees Mean density g/cm 3 Standard deviation g/cm % confidence limit g/cm 3 Error ratio % Cryptomeria japonica Chamaecyparis obtusa Larix kaempferi Abies homolepis Picea glehnii Picea jezoensis Abies sachalinensis Bulletin of FFPRI, Vol.3, No.4, 2004

6 346 FUJIWARA T. et al. Fig. 5. Longitudinal density variations of C. japonica and C. obtusa trees. Fig. 7. Longitudinal density variations of CW and OW in C. japonica and C. obtusa trees. Fig. 6. Longitudinal density variations of L. kaempferi, A. sachalinensis, P. jezoensis and P. glehnii trees. Fig. 8. Longitudinal density variations of CW and OW in L. kaempferi and P. glehnii trees. Fig. 8 CW CW OW 4 OW CW CW 0.2m 10cm 1m y Figs y y

7 Mean basic density and density variation within individual trees in major plantation species 347 Fig. 9. Relationships between mean density at breast height and mean density of trunks in C. japonica. Fig. 12. Relationships between mean density at breast height and mean density of trunks in A. sachalinensis, P. jezoensis and P. glehnii. Fig. 10. Relationships between mean density at breast height and mean density of trunks in C. obtusa g/cm g/cm g/cm g/ cm g/cm g/cm g/cm 3 2 Fig. 11. Relationships between mean density at breast height and mean density of trunks in L. kaempferi tree. 1998,, 15, ,, 35, ,, 25, Bulletin of FFPRI, Vol.3, No.4, 2004

8 348 FUJIWARA T. et al. 1974,, 11, ,, 2, Hishinuma, Y. Nakata, R. and Fukazawa, K Analysis, using a three-dimensional view, of the process of tree growth (2). Distribution of basic density and fiber direction responding to a stem form, Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forest, 49, a,, b,, ,, 42, ,, 82, ,, 47, ,, 83, , 134, ,, 33, , 13, 43, ,,, 36, ,, ,, 42, Minato, K., Ujiie, M. and Hishinuma, Y Growth and wood quality of sugi and hinoki trees in the plantation of the Wakayama experimental forest, Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forest, 46, ,, 19 3, ,, 42 4, ,, 35, ,, 36, ,. 1963,, 148, a XI,, 36, b I,, 99, ,, 96, ,, 35, ,, 35, ,, 57,

Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth

Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth and Foot Breadth Akiko Yamamoto Fukuoka Women's University,