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- あけなお じゅふく
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1 x, x. 4, f(x, ) :=x x + =4,x,.. 4 (, 3) (, 5) (3, 5), (4, 9) 95 9 (g) (cm) Phsics Mathematics = ax + b
2 6 3 (, 3) 3 ( a + b). f(a, b) ={3 (a + b)} + {5 (a + b)} + {5 (3a + b))} + {9 (4a + b)} x, : f(x) (3.) f(x). x x R n f(x) f( x) f( x) (3.) x. x x R n f(x) f( x) f( x) (3.) x
3 f(x) =x +x +3 f(x) =x +x +3=(x +) + x = f(x) f( ) = x x O x. f(x) =x 3 x ( ) f(x) f 3 = 3 3 O x / 3 x. x x x x f(x) >f( x) f x x x x x f(x) <f( x) f x f(x) f( x) 3.
4 8 3 3.: 3 ( ). 5 f(x, ) =x +x + f(x, ) =(x + ) (x, ) f(x, ) f(x, ) =(x + ) = x + = x 3.: x +x + f(, ) = f (, ) f (x, ) =(t, t) f f(t, t) =(t t) = (, ) f(, ) f (, ) ( ) 3.. x x f f ( x) = a 6 ( ). x, f( x) =.
5 a a f f(a) =. f(x, ) =x 3 3x + 3 (x, ) =(, ) 3x 3 f(x, ) = 3 3x f 3.3 z x : z = x 3 3x + 3 (x,, z) =(,,f(, )) (,,f(, )) u =(x, ) (, ) f z = f(, ) + f x (, )(x ) + f (, )( ) (,,f(, )) z = f(, ) f x (, ) f(, ) = = f (, )
6 3 3.. () f(x, ) =x x + x () f(x, ) =x 3 3x (x, ) (x, ) = x + (a, b) (a, b) (x, ) f(x, ) f(a, b) (x, ) = (x, ), h(t) =f((a, b)+t(x, )) t>, (a, b)+t(x, ) (a, b), h(t) h(). t = h(t) h () =, h (t) = d dt {f(a + tx, b + t)} = f x(a + tx, b + t)x + f x (a + tx, b + t) h () = f x (a, b)x + f (a, b)x =. (x, ) (x, ) = (u, v) (x, ) =(, ) (x, ) =(, ) f(a, b) = f(x, ) =x f(, ) =,. f(, ) (, ) (x, ) f f(, ) x 5-3.4: x
7 : 6 f(x, ) =x 3 3x + 3 f (, ) (, ) 3.6 (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) : z = x 3 3x : x 3 3x + 3 f x x, x f.. 7 ( ). (). x f( x) = f( x) (). f( x) = f( x) x
8 3 3 (3). f( x) x.. () () (3),., (), (x, ) f(x, ) f f(a, b) (x, ) (a, b) f xx (x, ),f x (x, ),f (x, ) f xx (a, b),f x (a, b),f (a, b) f(a, b) f(x, ) f (a, b) f(a, b) (a, b) f (a, b) f(x, ) f(x, ) 3.8: (3) f(a, b) f(x, ) < (a, b) (x, ) f (a, b)
9 : f(a, b) = f(a, b) f(a, b) = f(a, b) 3.9 (a, b) 5. f(x, ) =x x 3 f(x, ) =, f(x, ) = 4 3 x (, ) (, ) (x, ) f(x, ) (, ) (x, ) (, ) f(x, ) > (, ) f(x, ) =x + x + 9x 9 +7.
10 x + 9 f(x, ) = x + 9 {x + 9= x + 9= (x, ) =(3, 3) 7. f(x, ) = (x, ) =(, ) f(, ) = f(, ), 3, 4 f(, ) f xx (, ) > f(, ) > 5 f(, ),?? (3, 3), f(3, 3) =.. 7. f(x, ) =x 3 3x + 3 [ 3x 3 f(x, ) =, 6x f(x, ) = 3 3x 3 ] 3 6. f(x, ) =, { 3x 3 = 3 3x =. (x, ) =(, ) (, ).
11 x**+x*+**-9*x-9* : x + x + 9x (x, ) =(3, 3) (, ) f(, ) <,.. (, ) f xx (, ) = 6 > f(, ) =7>,.,. (x, ) (, ) (, ) f(x, ) + f xx (x, ) + f(x, ) 3.3. (, ) (, ) 3.: x 3 3x + 3 (, ) (, )
12 36 3 f(a, b) = f(a, b) f(a, b) = f(a, b) 8. f(x, ) =x x 6 3x 6 f(x, ) =, f(x, ) = 3 6 6x 6x { 3x 6= 3 6= (x, ) =(±, ± ) (x, ) (, ) (, ) (±, ) f(x, ) + + f xx (x, ) + f(x, ) 8 8 (x, ) =(, ) 8 (x, ) =(, ) (, ) (, ) (±, ) (, ) (, )
13 x**3+**3-6*x-6* : x x 6 3..?? 3.4 x 8. n f. f. a R n. f x R n f(x) f(a)+ f(a)(x a) f(a) = f(x) f(a) a f
14 38 3 = = 3.3:. () f(x, ) =x 3 3x + 3 () f(x, ) =3x +x + (3) f(x, ) =x x ( ) (a, b) (x, ) R h(t) = f ((a, b)+t(x, )) h(t) h() t (3.) t = h(t) =h() + h ()t + h ()t + o(t ) (3.3) h x () = f(a, b) = (3.) (3.3) h ()t + o(t ) t t o(t )/t h () = [ x ] x f(a, b) (3.4) h(t) (x, ) 3.4 (x, ) f(a, b) ( ) (a, b) f(a, b) λ.?? λ > x f ((a, b)+(x, )) = f(a, b)+ f(a, b) + ] x [ x f(a, b) + o ( (x, ) )
15 o(δ ) lim = δ + δ ε <ε<λ/ (, ) (x, ) δ = (x, ) o ( (x, ) ) ε (x, ) { } x f ((a, b)+(x, )) f(a, b)+ f(a, b) + ] x [ x f(a, b) (a, b) f ((a, b)+(x, )) >f(a, b)+ ] x [ x f(a, b) ε (x, ) <ε (x, ) u = x (x, ) u =,?? t u f(a, b)u λ, x x f(a, b) λ (x, ). ε, ( ) f ((a, b)+(x, )) >f(a, b)+ λ ε (x, ) >f(a, b). (x, ) (, ), (a, b). ( ) (a, b) f(a, b) 7
16 4 3 f(x, ) Step Step f x (x, ) = f (x, ) = f(a, b) (x, ) =(a, b) f(a, b) = (a, b) f(a, b) = (a, b) f(x, ) f(x, ) f(a, b) = f(a, b) = f(a, b) f(a, b) = f(a, b)
x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x
[ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),
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5 5. 2 D xy D (x, y z = f(x, y f D (2 (x, y, z f R 2 5.. z = x 2 y 2 {(x, y; x 2 +y 2 } x 2 +y 2 +z 2 = z 5.2. (x, y R 2 z = x 2 y + 3 (2,,, (, 3,, 3 (,, 5.3 (. (3 ( (a, b, c A : (x, y, z P : (x, y, x
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微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.
微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)
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< 1 > (1) f 0 (a) =6a ; g 0 (a) =6a 2 (2) y = f(x) x = 1 f( 1) = 3 ( 1) 2 =3 ; f 0 ( 1) = 6 ( 1) = 6 ; ( 1; 3) 6 x =1 f(1) = 3 ; f 0 (1) = 6 ; (1; 3) 6 y = g(x) x = 1 g( 1) = 2 ( 1) 3 = 2 ; g 0 ( 1) =
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1. (8) (1) (x + y) + (x + y) = 0 () (x + y ) 5xy = 0 (3) (x y + 3y 3 ) (x 3 + xy ) = 0 (4) x tan y x y + x = 0 (5) x = y + x + y (6) = x + y 1 x y 3 (
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θ i ) AB θ ) A = B = sin θ = sin θ A B sin θ) ) < = θ < = Ax Bx = θ = sin θ ) abc θ sin 5θ = sin θ fsin θ) fx) = ax bx c ) cos 5 i sin 5 ) 5 ) αβ α iβ) 5 α 4 β α β β 5 ) a = b = c = ) fx) = 0 x x = x =
[ ] 0.1 lim x 0 e 3x 1 x IC ( 11) ( s114901) 0.2 (1) y = e 2x (x 2 + 1) (2) y = x/(x 2 + 1) 0.3 dx (1) 1 4x 2 (2) e x sin 2xdx (3) sin 2 xdx ( 11) ( s
[ ]. lim e 3 IC ) s49). y = e + ) ) y = / + ).3 d 4 ) e sin d 3) sin d ) s49) s493).4 z = y z z y s494).5 + y = 4 =.6 s495) dy = 3e ) d dy d = y s496).7 lim ) lim e s49).8 y = e sin ) y = sin e 3) y =
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(1) 1 y = 2 = = b (2) 2 y = 2 = 2 = 2 + h B h h h< h 2 h
6 6.1 6.1.1 O y A y y = f() y = f() b f(b) B y f(b) f() = b f(b) f() f() = = b A f() b AB O b 6.1 2 y = 2 = 1 = 1 + h (1 + h) 2 1 2 (1 + h) 1 2h + h2 = h h(2 + h) = h = 2 + h y (1 + h) 2 1 2 O y = 2 1
(2 X Poisso P (λ ϕ X (t = E[e itx ] = k= itk λk e k! e λ = (e it λ k e λ = e eitλ e λ = e λ(eit 1. k! k= 6.7 X N(, 1 ϕ X (t = e 1 2 t2 : Cauchy ϕ X (t
6 6.1 6.1 (1 Z ( X = e Z, Y = Im Z ( Z = X + iy, i = 1 (2 Z E[ e Z ] < E[ Im Z ] < Z E[Z] = E[e Z] + ie[im Z] 6.2 Z E[Z] E[ Z ] : E[ Z ] < e Z Z, Im Z Z E[Z] α = E[Z], Z = Z Z 1 {Z } E[Z] = α = α [ α ]
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y π π O π x 9 s94.5 y dy dx. y = x + 3 y = x logx + 9 s9.6 z z x, z y. z = xy + y 3 z = sinx y 9 s x dx π x cos xdx 9 s93.8 a, fx = e x ax,. a =
[ ] 9 IC. dx = 3x 4y dt dy dt = x y u xt = expλt u yt λ u u t = u u u + u = xt yt 6 3. u = x, y, z = x + y + z u u 9 s9 grad u ux, y, z = c c : grad u = u x i + u y j + u k i, j, k z x, y, z grad u v =
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i i e! ( x +1) 2 3 ( 2x + 3)! ( x + 1) 3 ( a + b) 5 2 2 2 2! 3! 5! 7 2 x! 3x! 1 = 0 ",! " >!!! # 2x + 4y = 30 "! x + y = 12 sin x lim x!0 x x n! # $ & 1 lim 1 + ('% " n 1 1 lim lim x!+0 x x"!0 x log x
ax 2 + bx + c = n 8 (n ) a n x n + a n 1 x n a 1 x + a 0 = 0 ( a n, a n 1,, a 1, a 0 a n 0) n n ( ) ( ) ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 4
20 20.0 ( ) 8 y = ax 2 + bx + c 443 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 20.1 20.1.1 n 8 (n ) a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + + a 1 x + a 0 = 0 ( a n, a n 1,, a 1, a 0 a n 0) n n ( ) ( ) ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 444 ( a, b, c, d
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0 1-4. 1-5. (1) + b = b +, (2) b = b, (3) + 0 =, (4) 1 =, (5) ( + b) + c = + (b + c), (6) ( b) c = (b c), (7) (b + c) = b + c, (8) ( + b)c = c + bc (9
1-1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,, 100,, 1000, n, m m m n n 0 n, m m n 1-2. 0 m n m n 0 2 = 1.41421356 π = 3.141516 1-3. 1 0 1-4. 1-5. (1) + b = b +, (2) b = b, (3) + 0 =, (4) 1 =, (5) ( + b) + c = + (b + c),
5.. z = f(x, y) y y = b f x x g(x) f(x, b) g x ( ) A = lim h 0 g(a + h) g(a) h g(x) a A = g (a) = f x (a, b)
5 partial differentiation (total) differentiation 5. z = f(x, y) (a, b) A = lim h 0 f(a + h, b) f(a, b) h............................................................... ( ) f(x, y) (a, b) x A (a, b) x
() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi)
0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()
I y = f(x) a I a x I x = a + x 1 f(x) f(a) x a = f(a + x) f(a) x (11.1) x a x 0 f(x) f(a) f(a + x) f(a) lim = lim x a x a x 0 x (11.2) f(x) x
11 11.1 I y = a I a x I x = a + 1 f(a) x a = f(a +) f(a) (11.1) x a 0 f(a) f(a +) f(a) = x a x a 0 (11.) x = a a f (a) d df f(a) (a) I dx dx I I I f (x) d df dx dx (x) [a, b] x a ( 0) x a (a, b) () [a,
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IA [email protected] Last updated: January,......................................................................................................................................................................................
No2 4 y =sinx (5) y = p sin(2x +3) (6) y = 1 tan(3x 2) (7) y =cos 2 (4x +5) (8) y = cos x 1+sinx 5 (1) y =sinx cos x 6 f(x) = sin(sin x) f 0 (π) (2) y
No1 1 (1) 2 f(x) =1+x + x 2 + + x n, g(x) = 1 (n +1)xn + nx n+1 (1 x) 2 x 6= 1 f 0 (x) =g(x) y = f(x)g(x) y 0 = f 0 (x)g(x)+f(x)g 0 (x) 3 (1) y = x2 x +1 x (2) y = 1 g(x) y0 = g0 (x) {g(x)} 2 (2) y = µ
180 30 30 180 180 181 (3)(4) (3)(4)(2) 60 180 (1) (2) 20 (3)
12 12 72 (1) (2) (3) 12 (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (1) (2) 180 30 30 180 180 181 (3)(4) (3)(4)(2) 60 180 (1) (2) 20 (3) 30 16 (1) 31 (2) 31 (3) (1) (2) (3) (4) 30
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113 120cm 1120cm 3 10cm 900 500+240 10 1 2 3 5 4 5 3 8 6 3 8 6 7 6 8 4 4 4 4 23 23 5 5 7
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21 14 487 2,322 2 7 48 4 15 ( 27) 14 3(1867) 3 () 1 2 3 ( 901923 ) 5 (1536) 3 4 5 6 7 8 ( ) () () 9 10 21 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 20 1 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 22 5 29 30cm 7.5m 1865 3 1820 5
