河川上流域の河道地形
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- ことこ ささおか
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1 5 * Channel Morphology of Rivers in Upstream Region Kazuyoshi HASEGAWA, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University.8km 7.km. 4.m m m ) M. ) ),4) 5) Hasegawa 6). * hasega-k@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
2 6 Grant 7) sub unit channel unit reach Grant (a) Pools Riffles Rapids Cascades Steps (b) Grant (c) (d) transverse rib ( step and pool) (e)..6km 8.km / (a)(e) 84% PetersonMohanty 8) tumbling flow
3 7 (a)(e) cm m 75cm 7.5cm 6 /. I = / () () 4 tumbling flow S M hc I I < + ϕ ϕ (4) () 7.5 / (e) = h ( ) / c = q / g q = g = = ϕ = U / ghi U = h =.5 I = 4 = ()(4) ) 9) S ) hc I I < 4 + Hey ) ϕ ϕ () U ar =5.75log, a =. 6 ( 46. gri 5. d 84 h I c ( + 8 ϕ ) (5) >ϕ I ϕ I ϕ I + 6( +8ϕ U= R= a= I ) 5 () ) Bathurst ) Hey ) f hc I ( I ) < + 8 ϕ ϕ () h/d 9
4 8 ks=.5d 84 ks ks = d 84 U gri ar = 575. log d 84 (6) (5) U gri R = 6.5.5d 84 / 4 (7) km 6.km 5m 7 ) 6 step and pool 7 5 Hey Middleton 5). Walker 6) Hand 7) Skipper 8) Power 4)
5 9 9) ShawKellerhals 9) North Sakatchewan 4 Hasegawa 6) cm ) ),) cm ) 4) 5) 6) ) Reynolds 7) 8) (C=) Parker 9) PetersonMohanty 8) LeopoldWolmanMiller ) Fr = (8) kh tanh( kh) Leopold k= = / Fr= h= McDonaldBanerjee ) transverse rib McDonaldDay ) AshidaTakahashiSawada 4) λ = πh Fr (9) d 84 WhittakerJaeggi 5) hi τ * = = χτ*c () s *c d 84 6) Whittaker s (7) Rh U Q=UBh 4 7) d84 4Q h = () gi B 8) ()() h *c =.5 = s =.65
6 h c = 6. 4I () () (9) λ = I I ( ) / 6 h c () 9 h q c = / g = 8 ) () () ) ) cm Airy m βhtanh( βh) 4 Fr =, β = kw + lw ( kwh). d 5 =.8cmd 84 =.65cm k w = =π /λ w =cm d 5 =.87cm l w = =mπ / B, B = d 84 =.5cm, m = 9 ( ) (4) αβ h Fr =, α = 8. (5) ( k w h) w (9) 4 Fr α ( Fr ) B B (6) h =. mπ m α( Fr )
7 (985 ) 98. l/s..74cm Fr. B B m = = (7) h 5h 4 m w B m h B m m < < (8) m () ( ) Q I QI 5mm (7) (8) m = 5% Run-478 Run Run-6 4)
8 m cm d 5 =.cm d m =.74cm d 84 =.8cm d max =5.cm /.l/s.6m ( ) 9.6cm 4. cm Grant 7) 4) 5 5. m
9 C Flow B A km 5 A,B,C -m m A,B,C 6 () 7 () 6 cm cm ).6l/s 8.9l/s m 6cm / 5 P=(d/d max ) n P d d max =.5cmn =/4.cm cm.78l/s
10 4 (cm) Flow (cm) Hey () 8 9 (4) 8cm cm 4, (5) ( ) 4, 5 A, B, C 7 6 () () 4 5
11 5 Division, Proc. of ASCE, Vol. 86, No. HY9(96), pp ) (986)pp ) No.656/-5(), pp.8- )Hey, R. D.: Flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers, Jour. of Hy. Div., Proc. of ASCE, Vol. 5 No. HY 4 (979), pp ) (986)pp )Bathurst, J.C.: Flow resistance of large-scale roughness, Jour. of Hy. Div., Proc. of ASCE, Vol. ) 4, No. HY (978), pp )Power, W.R.: Backset beds in the coso formation ) Inyo county, California, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol., No.4(96), pp )Middleton, G.V.: Antidune cross-bedding in a large ( )(987)pp.4-64 flume, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol.5, ) No.4(965), pp A-8(988) 6)Walker, R.G..: Upper flow regime bed forms in pp.- turbidities of the hatch formation, Devonian of 4) New York State, Journal of Sedimentary 97-A-9(997) Petrology, Vol.7, No.4(967), pp pp.- 7)Hand, B.M.: Antidune as trochoidal waves, 5) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 9, No. (989) 4(969), pp. -9 pp )Skipper, K..: Antidune cross-stratification in a 6) Hasegawa, K.., A. Mori and S. Ishikawa: Bed turbidite sequence, Cloridorme formation, Gaspe, topography and sediment transport during flood in Quebec, Sedimentlogy, 7(97), pp mountainous rivers, Int. Conference on RIVER 9)Shaw, J. and R. Kellerhals: Paleohydraulic FLOOD HYDRAULICS (edited by W. R. White, interpretation of antidune bedforms with John Wiley & Sons)(99)pp. 7-6 applications to antidunes in gravel, Journal of 7) Grant, G. E., F. J. Swanson and M. G. Wolman: Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 47, No. (977), pp. Pattern and origin of stepped-bed morphology in high-gradient streams, Western Cascades, Oregon, ) Geological Society of America, Vol. (99), pp. HCS mimics 4-5 (995) 8) Peterson, D. F. and P. K. Mohanty: Flume studies of )Leopold, L., G. Wolman and J. Miller: Fluvial flow in steep rough channels, Journal of Hydraulic Processes in Geomorphology, W. H. Freeman and
12 6 Co.(964), pp.5 )McDonald, B. C. and I. Banerjee: Sediments and bed forms on a braided outwash plain, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol.8(97), pp. 8 - )McDonald, B. C. and T. J. Day: An experimental flume study on the formation of transverse ribs, Current Research, Part A, Geological Survey Canada(978), pp )Ashida, K., T. Takahashi and T. Sawada: Sediment yield and transport on a mountain small watershed, Bull. Disaster Prevention Research Institute, 6) Kyoto Univ., Vol. 6, Part, No. 4(976), pp ()pp. 5)Whittaker, J. G. and M. N. R. Jaeggi: Origin of step-pool systems in mountain streams, Journal of 7)Reynolds, A.J.: Waves on the erodible bed of an Hydraulics Division, Proc. of ASCE, Vol.8, open channel, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. No.HY6 (98), pp (965), 4-6) 8)Hayashi, T.: Formation of dunes and antidunes in, 8 open channels, Journal of Hydraulic Division, (984), pp Proc. of ASCE, Vol. 96, No. HY(97), pp. 57 7) -66 9)Parker, G..: Sediment inertia as cause of river 4(996)pp antidunes, Journal of Hydraulic Division, Proc. of 8) ASCE, Vol., No. HY(975), pp.- (986)4) pp. -8 9),, 5 4 (999), pp (996b) -96pp ) ),, 44 4 (996)pp (), pp ) 4) 5 (B) (996)pp ) pp (B) (997)pp. -7 ) 45 ()pp ) 46 ()pp ) 5 (98)pp ()
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