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2 EU EU EU I c IIbis EU EU IIbis stay JKN v JCN AB v CB Mittal v Mittal I Recast stay

3 Van den Boogaard v Laumen Moore v Moore EU IIbis III EU EU EU IIbis stay EU stay EU EU I I Recast

4 I II EU IIbis III EC 44 / 2001 Council Regulation EC No 44 / 2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters OJ L 12 / 1. Regulation EU No 1215 / 2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters recast OJ L 351 / 1. Regulation EC No 593 / 2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations Rome I OJ L 177 / 6. Regulation EC No 864 / 2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations Rome II OJ L 199 / 40. Council Regulation EC No / 2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation EC No / OJ L 338 / 1. Council Regulation EU No 1259 / 2010 of 20 December 2010 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the law applicable to divorce and legal separation OJ L 343 /

5 IV IIbis III III EU enhanced cooperation EU EU Council Regulation EC No 4 / 2009 of 18 December 2008 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and cooperation in matters relating to maintenance obligations OJ L 7 / 1. A Proposal for a Regulation on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and the Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions, in Matters of Matrimonial Property Regimes. COM final

6 EU EU EU IIbis III EU EU EU EU EU EU Proposal for a Council Regulation on jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions regarding the property consequences of registered partnerships. COM final < jp / content / pdf>

7 I EU I I I I 2001 OJ L 12 / 4. I The EEC Convention of Sept. 27, 1968 on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters OJ L 299 /

8 I I I I I I I I I I a I Paul Jenard 1979 OJ C 59 / 1. Ibid Maebh Harding, The Harmonisation of Private International Law in Europe: Taking the Character out of Family Law? Journal of Private International Law Vol No. 1, 203, 210. Harding EU Ibid

9 Recast EU EU EU EU EU EU Burkhard Hess and Stefanie Spancken, Setting the SceneThe EU Maintenance Regulation, in Paul Beaumont, Burkhard Hess, Lara Walker and Stefanie Spancken eds, The Recovery of maintenance in the EU and Worldwide 2014, 331. Ibid. COM final. < eur-lex.europa.eu / LexUriServ / LexUri Serv.do?uriCOM:2005:0649:FIN:EN:PDF> Convention of 24 October 1956 on the law applicable to maintenance ob

10 ligations towards children. < / upload / conventions / txt08 en.pdf> Convention of 15 April 1958 on the recognition and enforcement of decisions relating to maintenance obligations towards children. < hcch.net / upload / conventions / txt09en.pdf> Convention on 2 October 1973 on the recognition and enforcement of decisions relating to maintenance obligations. < / upload / conventions / txt23en.pdf> Convention of 2 October 1973 on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations. < / upload / conventions / txt24en.pdf> Convention on the Recovery Abroad of Maintenance. Done at New York on 20 June < / upload / ny_conv_e.pdf> Convention of 23 November 2007 on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance. < / upload / conventions / txt38en.pdf> Protocol on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations Concluded 23 November 2007 < / upload / conventions / txt39en. pdf>

11 EU EU Outline < / upload / outline38e.pdf> Paul Beamont, International Family Law in Europe the Maintenance Project, the Hague Conference and the EC: A Triumph of Reverse Subsidiarity, RabelsZ ,

12 EU EU EU EU support EU Decision 2011 / 220 / EU, OJ L 93 / 9. Decision 2011 / 432 / EU, OJ L 192 / 39. EU David Hodson, The International Family Law Practice 3 rd ed. 2013, 323. Decision 2011 / 432 / EU,. Decision 2011 / 432 / EU, Article 4. Peter Stone, EU Private International Law 3 rd. ed. 2014,

13 EU Article 51 4: This Convention shall not affect the application of instruments of a Regional Economic Integration Organisation that is a Party to this Convention, adopted after the conclusion of the Convention, on matters governed by the Convention provided that such instruments do not affect, in the relationship of Member States of the Regional Economic Integration Organisation with other Contracting States, the application of the provisions of the Convention. As concerns the recognition or enforcement of decisions as between Member States of the Regional Economic Integration Organisation, the Convention shall not affect the rules of the Regional Economic Integration Organisation, whether adopted before or after the conclusion of the Convention. < net / upload / conventions / txt38en.pdf> Outline <http : // / upload / outline39e.pdf> Primary

14 EU EU Decision 009 / 941 / EC EU EU EU purpose of the Protocol 2009 OJ L 331 / 17. Peter Stone, supra note 35, 483. Council Decision of November 2009 on the conclusion by the European Community of the Hague Protocol of 23 November 2007 on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations 2009 / 941 / EC Art OJ L 331 / 18. EU OJ L331 / Peter Stone, supra note 35,

15 EU EU EU EU EU I EC I < / content / pdf> Burkhard Hess and Stefanie Spancken, supra note 18,

16 settlement authentic instruments EU I Recital 44 I Peter Stone, supra note 35,

17 EU Recital 15 I IIbis EU EU a b c d Ibid, 487. Recital 15 In order to preserve the interests of maintenance creditors and to promote the proper administration of justice within the European Union, the rules on jurisdiction as they result from Regulation EC No. 44 / 2001 should be adapted. The circumstance that the defendant is habitually resident in a third state should no longer entail the nonapplication of Community rules on jurisdiction, and there should no longer be any referral to national law. This Regulation should therefore determine the cases in which a court in a member state may exercise subsidiary jurisdiction

18 c d c d IIbis a b i ii c a b c Recital 19 EU

19 EU EU EU Recital 16. Peter Stone, supra note 35, 489. Recital 16. Peter Stone, ibid

20 stay stay Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and cooperation in matters relating to maintenance obligations COM final. David Hodson, supra note 33, 289. EU Burkhard Hess and Stefanie Spancken, supra note 18,

21 a b c Peter Stone, supra note 35,

22 a b c d EU

23 Section I Section II exequatur I III EU EU EU Peter Stone, supra note 35,

24 EU Recital 15 EU EU EU EU Recital 15 EU EU I IIbis EU I EU IIbis IIbis EU EU

25 I EU EU EU I I Recast I Recast EU I EU EU IIbis IIbis Green Paper on the Review of Council Regulation EC No. 44 / 2001 on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters COM final Brussels I

26 EU Hodson Re I EU IIbis EU Thorpe IIbis EU EU IIbis EU Supreme Court IIbis EU David Hodson, supra note 33, 289, I A Child 2009 EWCA Civ July Ibid,

27 Thorpe EU Hodson EU I EU Re I A Child FLR 361. David Hodson, supra note 33, 296. Ibid. Hodson Recital 15 Hodson Recital 15 EU EU EU Ibid. at note 58. Ibid, 289. Hodson EU Ibid,

28 c IIbis EU IIbis c IIbis c a b IIbis b a b c

29 IIbis c IIbis EU EU EU Ibid, 291. Ibid. a b 2003 OJ L 338 /

30 EU EU IIbis EU c EU EU c EU David Hodson, supra note 33, 291. Ibid. Hodson IIbis IIbis EU EU

31 IIbis EU EU c EU EU EU David Hodson, supra note 33,

32 c EU EU EU c EU EU EU Hodson David Hodson, supra note 33, 297, at note

33 EU EU EU EU I IIbis IIbis IIbis Hodson IIbis a

34 Hodson Hodson c EU Hodson stay EU stay I I EU stay Owusu David Hodson, supra note 33, 298. Ibid

35 ECJ IIbis stay Owusu stay Owusu stay EU EU stay IIbis stay stay JKN v JCN IIbis EU Owusu stay Owusu v Jackson Case C281 / QB 801, 2005 ECR I David Hodson, supra note 33, 298. David Hodson, supra note 33, 298. JKN v JCN FLR 826, 2010 EWHC 843 Fam

36 stay I I stay Owusu IIbis stay IIbis Owusu Theis Owusu Theis QC deputy judge JKN v JCN, supra note 83,

37 Owusu EU Owusu EU EU lacuna EU Owusu Stay EU EU Owusu IIbis Owusu IIbis I I IIbis IIbis Recital 11 I Ibid, 149. Ibid, 149 i. Ibid, 149 ii

38 IIbis DMPA : DMPA 1973 Sch 1 para 9 EU Sch 1 para 9 IIbis Ibid, 149 iii. DMPA Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1973 stay DMPA 1973 Schedule1 paragraph 9 1 DMPA 1973 IIbis II stay other than proceedings governed by the Council Regulation ECJ Owusu stay Owusu EU stay Article 19: Lis pendens anddependent actions 1 Where proceedings relating to divorce, legal separation or marriage annulment between the same parties are brought before courts of different Member States, the court second seised shall of its own motion stay its proceedings until such time as the jurisdiction of the court first seised is established. 2 Where proceedings relating to parental responsibility relating to the same child and involving the same cause of action are brought before courts of different Member States, the court second seised shall of its own motion stay its proceedings until such time as the jurisdiction of the court first seised is established

39 Sch 1 para 9 EU EU IIbis EU stay Theis stay IIbis stay 3 Where the jurisdiction of the court first seised is established, the court second seised shall decline jurisdiction in favour of that court. In that case, the party who brought the relevant action before the court second seised may bring that ction before the court first seised. JKN v JCN, supra note 84, 150. David Hodson, supra note 33, 164. Tom Amlot IIbis

40 JKN v JCN Timothy Scott QC Owusu I I JKN v JCN IIbis I IIbis I IIbis I EU shall be sued IIbis a b shall lie Theis ECJ Owusu EU EU Tom Amlot, Forum Shopping: JKN v JCN, Family Law September , 993. Timothy Scott QC, JKN v JCN: OWUSU v Jackson meets BIIR at Last, Family Law July Ibid, 741. Theis JKN v JCN, supra note 83, 147 v a b

41 I Owusu Theis IIbis Owusu IIbis DMPA Owusu IIbis Owusu IIbis DMPA DMPA Sch 1 para 9 Sch 1 para 9 stay IIbis stay Theis Timothy Scott QC, supra note 94,

42 stay stay AB v CB Mittal v Mittal JKN v JCN JKN v JCN IIbis stay AB v CB stay Mittal v Mittal AB v CB 2012 EWHC 3841 Fam, FLR 29. Mittal v Mittal 2013 EWCA Civ

43 IIbis stay stay Hemain stay stay Bodey stay stay Hemain Owusu Owusu ECJ I stay stay Hemain v Hemain FLR 388 Hemain AB v CB, supra note 97,

44 Owusu JKN v JCN DMPA Sch 1 para 9 stay JKN v JCN Theis Theis JKN v JCN JKN v JCN JKN v JCN EU IIbis stay EU Theis JKN v JCN lacuna DMPA Theis EU DMPA Ibid, 18. Ibid, 19. JKN v JCN, supra note 83, 149. AB v CB, supra note 97,

45 DMPA Sch 1 para 9 para 9 Theis para 9 EU EU IIbis EU Bodey Ferrexpo A G v Gilson Investments Ltd 2012 EWHC 721 comm Owusu JKN v JCN stay Bodey stay Owusu IIbis Ibid,

46 ECJ ECJ Owusu Lewison Owusu IIbis i Owusu Owusu IIbis ii IIbis I I IIbis iii Owusu ECJ EU stay iv I IIbis v IIbis Owusu I vi I I Recast EU EU stay Mittal v Mittal, supra note 98,

47 DMPA DMPA DMPA IIbis stay DMPA Senior Courts Act 1981 section 49 2 stay inherent jurisdiction DMPA ECJ Lewison IIbis EU stay Owusu IIbis Ibid, Cour de Cassation, 17 juin 2009, < / affichjurijudi.do?oldactionrechjurijudi&id TexteJURITEXT &fastReqId &fastPos1> Mittal v Mittal, supra note 98,

48 stay JKN v JCN stay stay IIbis stay EU EU EU David Hodson, supra note 33, 298. Tim Amos QC and Duncan Brooks, ittal v. Mittal: English Family Courts Still Open for Business in the Wider World. < / site.aspx?ied118895> David Hodson, supra note 33, 165. Tim Amos QC and Duncan Brooks, supra note

49 I Recast Owusu I I Recast EU EU stay JKN v JCN Mittel v Mittel AB v CB II bis EU stay stay IIbis stay Briggs I Recast Adrian Briggs, Private International Law in English Courts, 2014, , at note 93. Article 12: Lis pendens 1 Where proceedings involving the same cause of action and between the same parties are brought in the courts of different Member States, any court other than the court first seised shall of its own motion stay its proceedings until such time as the jurisdiction of the court first seised is established. 2 Where the jurisdiction of the court first seised is established, any court

50 IIbis EU EU EU stay Owusu stay I Recast EU Owusu JKN v JCN Mittal v Mittal AB v CB IIbis EU other than the court first seised shall decline jurisdiction in favour of that court. Maarit Jareborg, Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in Cross- Border Divorce Cases in Europe, in Basedow, Harald Baum and Yuko Nishitani eds Japanese and European Private International Law in Comparative Perspective Mohr Siebeck, , 327. David Hodson, supra note 33, 301. Paul Beamont, supra note 30, 541. Beamont I Recast Beamont I Paul Beamont, supra note 30, 541, at note

51 Timothy Scott QC JKN v JCN IIbis EU EU EU stay EU Recital 11 Miller v Miller McFarlane v McFarlane Maebh Harding, supra note 16, 207. Ibid, Miller v Miller, McFarlane v McFarlane 2006 UKHL 24, AC

52 needs compensation share EU I I I EU 618. Miller McFarlane Maebh Harding, supra note 16, 207. Maebh Harding, supra note 16, 207. Ibid,

53 Van den Boogaard v Laumen ECJ Van den Boogaard v Laumen Van den Boogaard Laumen clean break,,, I C220 / 95 Boogaard v Laumen 1997 ECR I1147, 1997 OB 739, FLR 399. Maebh Harding, supra note 16, 217, David Hodson, supra note 33,

54 ECJ ECJ Jacobs I ECJ Jacobs I Peter Shlosser 1979 OJ C 59 / QB 739, 41. Jacobs 1997 QB 739 Ibid, 62. Ibid,

55 I ECJ Harding Miller McFarlane ECJ Moore v Moore Moore I ECJ Van den Boogaard v Lauman Boogaard v Laumen supra note 125, 22. Maebh Harding, supra note 16, 218. Moore v Moore 2007 EWCA Civ 361, FCR 353, FLR

56 II I McFarlane Thorpe Council Regulation EC 1347 / 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and in matters of parental responsibility for children of both spouses. OJ L 160 / 19. II bis II bis II

57 ECJ Van den Boogaard v Lauman support I Thorpe wealth adjustment I I Moore v Moore, supra note 132, 80. David Hodson, supra note 33,

58 Miller McFarlane ECJ Van den Boogaard Harding I Moore David Hodson, ibid. Ibid, 307. Ibid. Ibid

59 EU EU EU Ibid. Peter Stone, supra note 35, EU EU

60 a a b c d e f I EU Peter Stone, supra note 35, 500. Regulation EU No 650 / 2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and acceptance of enforcement of authentic instruments in matters of succession and on the creation of a European Certificate of Succession OJ L 201 /

61 IIbis a b c d EU

62 stay I I Recast EU II bis stay Peter Stone, supra note 35,

63 EU a b c a b c b a b

64 EU I Hodson EU David Hodson, supra note 33,

65 Harding Hodson Haring Ibid, 351. Maebh Harding, supra note 16, 213. Viarengo EU exequatur Ilaria Viarengo, The EU Proposal on Matrimonial Property Regimes: Some General Remarks, Yearbook of Private International Law, Vol , 199, 203,

66 EU EU IIbis III EU Maebh Harding, supra note 16, 218. Ibid

67 IIbis EU IIbis IIbis c c

68 IIbis IIbis III III III III Maebh Harding supra note 16,

69 a b c d a b c d III 2010 OJ L 343 / 10. Article 5: Choice of applicable law by the parties 1 The spouses may agree to designate the law applicable to divorce and legal separation provided that it is one of the following laws: a the law of the State where the spouses are habitually resident at the time the agreement is concluded; or b the law of the State where the spouses were last habitually resident, in so far as one of them still resides there at the time the agreement is concluded; or c the law of the State of nationality of either spouse at the time the agreement is concluded; or d the law of the forum. Article 8: Applicable law in the absence of a choice by the parties In the absence of a choice pursuant to Article 5, divorce and legal separation shall be subject to the law of the State: a where the spouses are habitually resident at the time the court is seized; or, failing that b where the spouses were last habitually resident, provided that the period of residence did not end more than 1 year before the court was seized, in so

70 III EU III EU far as one of the spouses still resides in that State at the time the court is seized; or, failing that c of which both spouses are nationals at the time the court is seized; or, failing that d where the court is seized. Maebh Harding, supra note 16, OJ L 343 / 10. Article 4: Universal application The law designated by this Regulation shall apply whether or not it is the law of a participating Member State

71 Harding III b a III Harding Maebh Harding, supra note 16, 220. Ibid. Ibid. Harding

72 b b III EU EU EU EU Fiorini atomisation Ibid. Ibid, 221. Aude Fiorini, Rome IIIA Step Too Far in the Europeanisation of Private International Law? International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 178,

73 Harding EU EU EU Ibid. Maebh Harding, supra note 16,

74 EU EU EU EU EU EU EU EU EU EU Recital 15 EU EU EU EU EU EU EU b < / content / pdf>

75 EU EU IIbis EU EU IIbis a EU EU c EU EU EU EU stay

76 stay EU stay EU stay I Recast EU EU stay EU Mittal IIbis stay EU EU IIbis a

77 stay EU a b stay

78 EU stay EU EU EU EU stay EU stay EU

79 EU stay EU EU EU EU EU Cross Border Divorce Law Brussels II bis

80 JSPS C

81 IIbis III EU EU EU EU EU EU EU I exequatur exequatur exequatur exequatur

82 EU Private International Law Relating to Financial Issues between Spouses The Interrelation of the EU Regulations and the Perspective from Non-EU States Yuko Okano This article is to examine the EU Maintenance Regulation and the Proposal for a Regulation on Matters of Matrimonial Property Regimes, which would deal with the financial issues between spouses. 1 The interrelation of the EU Regulations There are major differences between the financial provision laws of each country concerning maintenance and marital property. And such differences have been an incentive for the parties to forum shop when they bring a suit for a cross-border divorce. For example, maintenance-debtors would prefer the lawsuit in France, whereas maintenance-creditors are likely to forum shop in England. To cope up with these situations, Maintenance Regulation and the Proposal for Matrimonial Property Regimes are intended to establish the uniform regulations concerning international jurisdiction, applicable law, and the recognition and enforcement of the judgments on maintenance obligation and marital property. These enacting works have been undertaken following the EU divorce regulations, namely, Brussels IIbis, and Rome III. However, it is pointed out that these three regulations and one proposal have divided one divorce process into three issues: divorce, maintenance, and matrimonial property. It has been criticized that these three issues being taken in isolation, the interrelation of these regulations and the proposal becomes complicated, and would invite a complex situation for spouses involved in a cross-border divorce. In this article, the relation of the regulations and the proposal will be considered, and it will be pursued where the inconsistency lies

83 2 The Perspective from Non-EU States EU regulation will sometimes apply to a party in non-eu States. Especially, Maintenance Regulation expressly states that the circumstance that the defendant is habitually resident in the third State should no longer entail the non-application of EU regulation Recital 15. Therefore, for example, a maintenance-debtor habitually resident in Japan may be sued in EU State s court by a maintenance-creditor habitually resident there. However, there may be a case where a party would be sued in an inappropriate forum in EU. To deal with such situations, a series of precedents of the English courts granting a discretionary stay under EU regulations will be analyzed. And based on the analysis, it will be considered in which situations EU court could grant a discretionary stay under EU regulations

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