58-1･2 市野泰和.pwd

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ゆめじみのしま
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2 JEL Classifications: A22 D01

3 Ferraro and Taylor 2005 Frank and Bernanke 2001, pp. 7 8 Ferraro and Taylor 2005, p. 3 Please Circle the Best Answer to the Following Question: You won a free ticket to see an Eric Clapton concert which has no resale value. Bob Dylan is performing on the same night and is your next-best alternative activity. Tickets to see Dylan cost $40. On any given day, you would be willing to pay up to $50 to see Dylan. Assume there are no other costs of seeing either performer. Based on this information, what is the opportunity cost of seeing Eric Clapton? A $0 B $10 C $40 D $50

4 A B C D Ferraro and Taylor 2005 /

5 Ferraro and Taylor 2005 O Donnell 2010 Stone 2015 Parkin 2016 Arce 2016 Polley 2015 Potter and Sanders 2012 O Donnell 2009 implicit cost explicit cost

6 Potter and Sanders 2012 Potter and Sanders 2012 PPF

7 Ferraro and Taylor 2005 O Donnell 2010 what you give up to get that item Mankiw 2004 p. 6 what you must give up in order to get it Krugman and Wells 2009, p. 7 the net evaluation placed on the most highly valued of the rejected alternatives or opportunities Buchanan, p. the value of the next best alternative that is forgone when another alternative is chosen Besanko and Braeutigam 2008, p. 227 Ferraro and Taylor 2005 what you give up what O Donnell 2010 incorrect correct Ferraro and Taylor 2005 O Donnell 2010

8 implicit cost explicit cost implicit cost Krugman and Wells 2009 all costs are ultimately opportunity costs p. 7 opportunity cost of attending college is what you pay for tuition and housing plus the forgone income you would have earned in a job p. 8 Mankiw 2004 When economists speak of a firm s cost of production, they include all the opportunity costs of making its output of goods and services p p p. 5 O Donnell 2010 Stone 2015 explicit cost, implicit cost

9 269 When Hellen pays $1000 for flour, that $1000 is an opportunity cost p. 269 some of a firm s opportunity costs, called implicit costs, do not require a cash outlay p p. 172 p. 164 Stone 2015, pp Krugman and Wells 2009 Mankiw 2004

11 forgone opportunity Ferraro and Taylor 2005

13 Mankiw 2004, p. 5 Cowen and Tabarrok 2013, p. 4 Silberberg 1999, p. 14 Bernheim and Whinston 2008, pp , p. 37 Ferraro and Taylor 2005 Frank and Bernanke 2001, p. 7 Krugman and Wells 2009, p p p. 30 The concept of opportunity cost is crucial to understanding individual choice Krugman and Wells 2009, p. 7 decisionmakers should be aware of the opportunity costs Mankiw 2004, p. 6, The concept of opportunity cost is important for two reasons. First,... Recognizing trade-offs is the first step to making wise choices. Second,... if you want to understand behavior, you need to understand opportunity cost. Cowen and Tabarrok 2013, p. 4

14 2001, pp

16 2001, p. 20

17 2001, p , pp

18 PPF Mankiw 2004, p. 26 The production possibilities frontier shows the opportunity cost of one good as measured in terms of the other good. 2001, p. 139 PPF

20 forgone opportunity

21 PPF PPF PPF PPF PPF

22 PPF PPF O Donnell 2010 PPF O Donnell 2010 PPF O Donnell 2010 PPF Mankiw 2004, p. 269, When economists speak of a firm s cost of production, they include all the opportunity costs of making its output of goods and services.

23 forgone opportunity

28 implicit cost explicit cost

29 PPF

30 N 2005 Arce, Daniel G Opportunity Cost and the Intelligence of Economists: A Comment. The Journal of Economic Education, 47 1, Bernheim, B. Douglas. & Whinston, Michael D Microeconomics, McGraw-Hill Irwn, New York. Besanko, David. & Braeutigam, Ronald R Microeconomics, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Buchanan, James M Opportunity Cost. in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Palgrave Macmillan, London Cowen, Tyler. & Tabarrok, Alex Modern Principles: Microeconomics, 2nd ed. Worth Publishers, New York. Ferraro, Paul J., & Taylor, Laura O Do Economists Recognize an Opportunity Cost When They See One? A Dismal Performance from the Dismal Science. Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 4 1.

31 Frank, Robert. & Bernanke, Ben Principles of Microeconomics, McGraw-Hill Irwn, New York. Krugman, Paul. & Wells, Robin Economics, 2nd ed. Worth Publishers, New York. Mankiw, N. Gregory, Principles of Economics, 3rd ed. Thomson South- Western, Mason, Ohio. O Donnell, Rod The Concept of Opportunity Cost: Is It Simple, Fundamental or Necessary? Australasian Journal of Economics Education, 6 1, O Donnell, Rod Opportunities Lost and Regained in the Land of Opportunity Cost. University of Technology Sydney Working Paper, 163. Parkin, Michael Opportunity Cost: A Reexamination. The Journal of Economic Education, 47 1, Polley, William J The Rhetoric of Opportunity Cost. The American Economist, 60 1, Potter, Joel. & Sanders, Shane Do Economists Recognize an Opportunity Cost When They See One? A Dismal Performance or an Arbitrary Concept? Southern Economic Journal, 79 2, Silberberg, Eugene Principles of Microeconomics, 2nd ed. Pearson Custom Publishing. Stone, Daniel F Clarifying Opportunity Costs. The American Economist, 60 1,

ルーカス型総供給方程式の批判的吟味

ルーカス型総供給方程式の批判的吟味 1 ABSTRACT A detailed analysis on some special characteristics of Lucas's ASL/LAS under generalized conditions: a synthetic understanding of both Lucasian and Keynesian systems by Haruki Niwa First of