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1 Research in Experimental Phonetics and Linguistics 3:12-29 (2011) * MMN N2b P300 [ʣ] ERP MMN N2b P ( 1978: 64 ) ( 1999) ( , 2004) / / / / / / / / / / [ʥ] 1 /j/ [ʨ] / / / / / / / / [z][ʣ] [ʥ] [z][ʣ] * (2004) ( 2007) [ˀ ] /b/[p,b,p ], /p/[pʰ], /π/[ˀp], /m/[m], /d/[t,d,t,s], /t/[tʰ], /δ/[ˀt], /n/[n], /r/,[ɾ,l], /s/[s,ɕ], /σ/[ˀs,ˀɕ], /j/[ʨ,ʥ], /c/[ʨʰ],/ξ/[ˀʨ], /g/[k,ɡ,k ],/k/[kʰ], /γ/[ˀk], /ŋ/[ŋ], /h/[h,ɦ] 12
2 (1978:71) [ʥ] ( ) [ʣ] [ʥ] (1971) (1978) (1999) (1971) (1945) (1963) J 3 /z/ 4, J /ž/ 5 J /z/, J /ž/ K 6 /s/ 7 J /ž/ [š] 8 [s], [dž] 9 /z/, /ž/ [s], [š] (1978) ( ) 2 IPA ( ) ᄉ 8 [ɕ] 9 [ʥ] 13
3 韓国人日本語学習者における ザ / ジャ 音の識別 MMN N2b P300 を指標として (1999) - - (1998) ㅈ /j/ [ʨ] [ʥ] [ʦ][ʣ] / / / / / / / / (1978) (1991) (1997) (1998) (1978) [z] /s/ /c/( [ʥ]) (1991) 1~5 / / / / / / 2 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / (1997) / / / / (1998)
4 51% 67% [(d)z] [ʤ] (2003) 2 3 ( ) (2003) (2004) % 90% 84% 71% 80% 55% 41% 7% (2002) (2004) 2 15
5 韓国人日本語学習者における ザ / ジャ 音の識別 MMN N2b P300 を指標として (ERP) MMN N2b P300 3 ERP 1.3 ERP 1.3 MMN N2b P300 ERP MMN N2b P300 MMN 10 (Mismatch negativity ) N2b ERP MMN (inattend condition) ERP ms N2b P300 MMN 11 Näätänen (1978) N2b (attend condition) ERP ms MMN MMN MMN N2b P300 (1999) (1995) (1997) (2005) (1999) (2006) N2b (Squires (1975)) 16
6 N2b P300 (1990) N2b P300 ( ) ERP Sutton (1965) ms P300 slow wave MMN N2b P300 EPR MMN MMN N2b P ERP MMN N2b P300 3 MMN P300 N2b 17
7 韓国人日本語学習者における ザ / ジャ 音の識別 MMN N2b P300 を指標として ( 29.9 ) 25 ( ( 23.0 ) ) 3.2 NEC BIOTOP 6R12 NEC PC9821 Xv20 CANOPUS ADX-98H A/D 0.5Hz 60Hz 50μV/fs 13 EPLYZER MS-DOS 500Hz -100ms ms Fz ( ) Cz ( ) Pz ( ) 3 16 (STD) 17 (Fpz) Electro-Cap International ECI-2 electro-gel IBM PS/V Model2408 Technics Stereo Flat Preamplifier 70A Stereo Power Amplifier Technins 60A 2-Way Speaker SystemsecB-6000 EPLYZER (ISI: interstimulus interval) 2500ms 65dBSL ( )(1985) ( ) (1989) 1988 ( ) ERP 14 ERP (1985) ERP (S) (N) S/N 30 (1995) (1999) 15 Jasper (Jasper(1958) ) ( ) (1985) SL (Sensitive Level Sensation Level) P0 0dB 40 75dBSL (1999) 18
8 3.3 ( ) ( ) 44.1kHz 16bit wave 300ms 100ms ERP 7: EPLYZER MMN N2b P RAW α (1985) (1995) ERP ERP ( ) 19
9 韓国人日本語学習者における ザ / ジャ 音の識別 MMN N2b P300 を指標として (1) (20 ) 25 (2) (20 ) 6 (3) (19 16 ) 6 (4) (15 ) 6 1 MMN MMN Fz Cz Pz ms MMN 1 MMN MMN 1 MMN 110~140ms 1 MMN 日本人 20 点 19~16 点 15 点以下 Fz Cz Pz ms 4.2 N2b
10 Cz Pz ms N2b 20 Fz Cz ms N2b N2b 3 19~
11 韓国人日本語学習者における ザ / ジャ 音の識別 MMN N2b P300 を指標として 4.3 P300 2 Fz Cz Pz Pz 350ms P Fz Pz P ms ms P300 slow wave ( 3) 2 P N2b P300 / / [ʣa] / / / / [ʣa] N2b P300 MMN N2b P300 / / / / [ʥa] [ʣa] MMN MMN N2b P300 日本語母語話者 (350ms) 学習者 20 点満点 (420ms) 学習者 19~16 点 学習者 15 点以下 物理量の識別 音のカテゴリーの識別 MMN ( 1 22
12 2) 2 2 N2b P300 N2b 20 N2b P ms ms (2004) P P ~16 15 P300 N2b 2 MMN MMN 2 2 [ʣa] [ʥa] MMN N2b P300 MMN N2b P300 23
13 韓国人日本語学習者における ザ / ジャ 音の識別 MMN N2b P300 を指標として 4 ERP 23 10ms (ABR) ABR 100ms (MLR) MLR ABR ABR MMN 200ms MMN ms N2b P ABR MLR (2010) 24
14 MMN N2b P300 ERP 6. ERP / / / / 20 ERP P300 N2b MMN N2b P300 (2010) 1. ( ) Equilibrium Research 69(3): (1971) 25
15 韓国人日本語学習者における ザ / ジャ 音の識別 MMN N2b P300 を指標として Fitzgerald, P. G. and T. W. Picton (1983) Event related potential recorded during the discrimination of improbable stimuli. Biological Psychology 17: (2004) 2: (1999) (2003) (2004) (1978) 4:63-78 (1995) (ERP) P300 (1978) 35:65-79 烔 (1991) 12:21-38 (1999) 3(3): (2006) Version1.0: Näätänen, R., A. W. K. Gaillard and S. Mantysalo (1978) Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychologica 42 : (1990) NA MMN N2b 8:19-30 (1998) 2(1):72-82 (1985) ( ) 13: (2005) (1997) (2007) (1997) 92:83-94 (1999) (2002) 14: (2004) SP : 5-10 Squires, N. K., K. C. Squires and S. A. Hillyard (1975) Two varieties of long-latency positive waves evoked by unpredictable auditory stimuli in man. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 38: Sutton, S., M. Braren, J. Zubin, and E. R. John (1965) Evoked-potential correlates of stimulus uncertainty. Science 150:
16 (1945) (1985) 55: (1999) (1963) 3:
17 韓国人日本語学習者における ザ / ジャ 音の識別 MMN N2b P300 を指標として Distinction between [dz] and [ʥ] among Korean Learners of Japanese Ayumi MARUSHIMA 1, Mai KIRIKISHI 2, Takashi NINOMIYA 3, Kazuki WATANABE 4, Yurie HAYAKAWA 5 & Takahiro FUKUMORI 6 As there is no [ʥ] phoneme in the Korean language, it is said that many Korean Japanese learners cannot distinguish between syllables of the z series ( za-gyô on ) and those of the j series ( ja-gyô on ). This fact has been revealed mainly by studies using hearing tests. The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the learners distinct z series sounds from j series sounds using ERPs (Event Related Potentials). In our experiment, first, we conducted a hearing test to analyze the ability of Japanese native speakers and Korean Japanese learners to distinguish between [dsa] and [ʥa]. Next, the subjects listened to a set of Japanese natural speech sounds /za/ and /ja/ played through ERP equipment. The ERPs were recorded, and later analyzed in order to investigate how well the informants had recognized the sounds. These results suggest (i) that even the Korean learners of Japanese who obtained relatively low scores in the hearing tests were able to distinguish the sounds through the differences in their acoustic qualities unconsciously, and (ii) that the other Korean students who obtained perfect scores like their Japanese counterparts used different strategies to discriminate these sounds. 1Doctoral Program in Literature and Linguistics University of Tsukuba Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan ayumi_marushima@yahoo.co.jp 2Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion Science Doctoral Program in Literature and Linguistics University of Tsukuba Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan mkiri6pp@yahoo.co.jp 3Doctoral Program in Literature and Linguistics University of Tsukuba Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan s @u.tsukuba.ac.jp 28
18 4Doctoral Program in Literature and Linguistics University of Tsukuba Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan 5College of Humanities University of Tsukuba Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan 6Faculty of Foreign Languages Daito Bunka University Takashimadaira, Itabashi, Tokyo , Japan 29
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