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1 Clean Development Mechanism CDM Joint Implementation JI Mitigation AdaptationClean Technology Fund
2 34 2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC UNEP WMO 1988 IPCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC 1994 Conference of the Parties COP COP COP COP COP15 COP COP16 CDM JI COP US 1, UNFCCC 2009
3 US GDP5 10 CO ppm US 1.1 GDP1 UNFCCC World Energy Outlook 2008 CO2 450ppm 2030 Greenhouse Gas GHG US 3,500 US 680 US 490 1,710 US UNDP US 860 US UNFCCC US 1,350 US 309 US 194 CDM US 69 GEF US 34 UNFCCC US 12 UNFCCC 2
4 US CO ppm 5,500 11,000 1, IEA 2008 WEO CO2 17, CO2 45,000 1, ,300 27,000 UNFCCC CO2 450ppm WEO UNFCCC CO2 450ppm WEO UNDP IGES 2009 UNFCCC Global Environment Facility GEF GEF Special Climate Change Fund SCCF Least Developed Countries Fund LDCF Adaptation Fund AF Clean Development Mechanism CDM Joint Implementation JI CDM
5 GHG CDM 12 JI 6 ET 17 CDM JI CDM JI UNDP CDM 2 GHG Certified Emission Reduction CERCDM 1 2 GHG 2 2 I I GHG
6 38 2 CDM CDM 2012 World Bank 2009d, p CDM CDM JI CDM CER ERU Emission Reduction Units CDM 1tCO2e CDM JI 2008 CDM US 65.2 JI US 2.9 US 68.1 CDM JI CDM CDM US 1, EU EU ETS CDM ,200 CDM 2,044 3 Tonnes of CO2 equivalent 1
7 US CDM JI CDM JI CDM EU ETS , CDM CDM 2 World Bank 2008, 2009d 34 CER 343 MtCO2e ,730 MtCO2e CDM JI UNDP Carbon Finance Unit UNFCCC/CDM Web 5 Carbon Finance Unit Web NAL/TOPICS/ENVIRONMENT/EXTCARBONFINANCE/0,,menuPK: ~pagePK: ~piPK: ~theSitePK: ,00.html
8 40 2 Prototype Carbon Fund PCF Community Development Carbon Fund CDCF 1 BioCarbon Fund BioCF, Tranche 1 2 BioCarbon Fund BioCF, Tranche 2 1 Umbrella Carbon Facility UCF, Tranche 1 CDM Netherlands CDM Facility NCDMF Netherlands European Carbon Facility NECF 2 3 CDM JI Italian Carbon Fund ICF CDM Danish Carbon Fund DCF CDM JI 1 Spanish Carbon Fund SCF, Tranche 1 2 Spanish Carbon Fund SCF, Tranche 2 Carbon Fund for Europe CFE Carbon Partnership Facility CPF Newest Forest Carbon Partnership Facility FCPF New World Bank 2009b CDM JI EU ETS 2013 REDD N.A. 5 N.A. 38 US US US US N.A. N.A. US N.A in early 2010 N.A US N.A. N.A N.A. 2.9 N.A. 0
9 41 6 US 25 World Bank 2009a CDM CDM CER 2 3 CDM JI 4 CDM JI 2 4 CDM CDM 212 CDM JI 4, CDM JI World Bank 2009a
10 /2008 UNDP MDG MDG Carbon Facility CDM UNFCCC Global Environment Fund GEF Policy and Human Resources Development Fund PHRD Fund 2007 US US Climate Investment Fund CIF Clean Technology Fund CTF Strategic Climate Fund SCF CIF US 57 World Bank 2009c 8 Clean Technology Fund US MDG Carbon Facility Web
11 Strategic Climate Fund US 16 Pilot Program for Climate Resilience Forest Investment Program Adaptation Fund AF UNFCCC GEF Strategic Priority on Adaptation SPA LDCF SCCF ETF IW CIF Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GFDPR Reduce Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries REDD 3 2 UNFCCC 2 6
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13 US AAU AAU EU EU ETS 3 N.A. ICI N.A. CDM G77 GDP GDP LDCs IATAL 4 10 LDCs IMERS 4 15 UNFCCC 2008 IGES 2009 Scheme EU RGGI Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative GHG 9 International Carbon Action Partnership ICAP Web Asahi.com
14 46 2 EU ETS International Climate Initiative ICI AAU 11 UNFCCC AAU US EU EU EU ETS EU ETS a b COP15 EU ETS 11 Norway s submission on Auctioning Allowances, AWG-LCA3 and AWG-KP 6 August 2008 Accra, Ghana 12 IGES 2009
15 47 ICI 2008 BMU EU ETS American Clean Energy and Security Act Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act GHG COP15 COP16 13 IGES 2009
16 CDM JI CDM 2 AF 2008 COP14/CMP4 UNFCCC CDM CDM CDM US US US G77 EC 14 IGES
17 49 Burden Sharing Mechanism 2007 UNFCCC LDCF SCCF a 0.01 b cldc SIDS a b US 3,700 US 260 Multilateral Climate Change Fund 2008 GHG US 100 COP COP G G77 ODA GNP Tuvlu 2007 International blueprint on adaptation 17 IGES 2009
18 50 2 COP UNFCCC 2007 GDP US 2,010 4, US 1, Global Carbon Levy 2008 PPP CO2 1 US 2 1r US 0.5 CO2 1.5 US 4,850 US 184 Multilateral Adaptation Fund MAF US 4,666 National Climate Change Fund NCCF MAF NCCF EC GCFM International Finance Facility IFF 20 EU EC Global Climate Change Alliance GCCA 18 IGES 2009
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20 52 2 CDM Economist COP GHG GHG GHG , BBL COP Washington Post
21 53 4 CDM GHG CDM CDM CDM Barrera
22 54 2 Africa Partnership Forum 2008 Carbon finance in Africa 11 th Meeting of the Africa Partnership Forum. Barrera, Julia 2004 Does the CDM contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from the AIJ pilot phase International Journal of Sustainable Development, 7 4 Economist 2010 Don t hold your breath carbon market after Copenhagen Economist, Feb. 6, p72. Larson, Donald F., et al Carbon markets, institutions, policies, and research Policy research working paper, 4761 Washington, DC Sustainable Rural and Urban Development Team, Development Research Group, World Bank. Tuvalu 2007 International blueprint on adaptation FCCC/CP/2007/MISC.2, FCCC/KP/CMP/2007/MISC.3 UNDP 2007 MDG Carbon facility leveraging carbon finance for sustainable development. New York UNDP. UNDP/MDG Carbon Facility website UNFCCC 2008 Investment and financial flows to address climate change an update technical paper. UNFCCC Decision -/CP.15 take note of the Copenhagen Accord of 18 December 2009 advance unedited version UNFCCC. F6D2C8AAEC20/0/copenhagen_accord.pdf UNFCCC/CDM website World Bank 2008 State and trends of the carbon markets Washington, DC World Bank a 10 Years of experience in carbon finance. Washington, DC World Bank.
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