N. FUJISHITA: Studies on the sex expression of flowers in Cucumis Melo L. (I) Inheritance of andromonoeciousness versus monoeciousness and the compari

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1 N. FUJISHITA: Studies on the sex expression of flowers in Cucumis Melo L. (I) Inheritance of andromonoeciousness versus monoeciousness and the comparison of pollen function between hermaphroditic and staminate flowers Experiments have been continued to investigate the sex expression in Cucumis Melo L. In the present paper, the structure of flower and the inheritance of andromonoeciousness versus monoeciousness are described, and the result of comparison as regards function of pollen from either hermaphroditic or staminate flower is presented. The andromonoe cious plant used in the experiment was commercial variety Earl's Favourite which represents C. Melo L, var. reticulatus, and for the monoecious plant No. 111 and No.981, collected in Afghanistan and Pak istan by the Japanese expedition in 1955 were used, of which No.111 is believed to belong to the snake melon, C. Melo L. var. flexuosus (Fig. 1). The results obtained are summarized as followes, 1. The hermaphroditic flower on andromoneci ous plant bore the pistil and the stamens filled with pollen, while the pistillate flower on monoe cious plant bore the pistil and the rudimentary stamens (Fig. 3, 4). 2. Though there was a fare occurrence of the andromonoecious plant bearing pistillate flower and of the monoecious plant bearing hermaphroditic flower, it was confirmed that the monoeciousness differed from the andromonoeciousness in a single dominant allele (Table 1. 2). 3. Pollen grains of the hermaphroditic flower as Summary well as those of the staminate flower within the same vine germinated on the artificial media (1 agar, 5% sucrose and ph 6. 5) in different degree. The difference of germination percentage of the pollen of hermaphroditic and staminate flower was significant at 5 per cent level, i. e per cent and per cent respectively after one hour of culture. No significant difference was shown in the elongation of pollen tubes, and moreover, the rate of normal pollen was as high as 95 per cent or more in either hermaphroditic or staminate flower (Table 3). 4. Either through the intra self pollination or through the neighbour pollination with pollen of staminate flower within the same vine, the yield and the market value of the mature fruit from hermaphroditic flower were the same. Comparing the character of hermaphroditic flower with those of staminate flower, no significant difference was found with regards the function of pollen, i.e. the rate of fruit setting, the number of germinable seed, and the weight of fruit or seed. From the results, it is suggested that the intra self pollina tion on hermaphroditic flower facilitates practical procedure of pollination, with an advantage of se curing the strict inbred seed.

2 No. 111 was collected at Kabul in Afghanistan Fig. 1 Monoecious melons No. 981 was collected at Quetta in Pakistan Fig. 2 Intra self pollination using the writing brush on the hermaphroditic flower

3 Fig. 3 Diagram of flowers, at the time of anthesis, calyx and corolla removed A: Stigma, B: Stamen, C: Rudimentary stamen Fig. 4 Cross sections of flower buds the day prior to anthesis A: Stigma, B1: Single stamen, B2: Double stamens Table 1. Inheritance of andromoneciousness versus monoeciousness in Cucumis Melo L

4 Table 2. Abnormal formation of pistilate flower on the andromonoecious plant and of hermaphroditic flower on the monoecious plant in Cucumis Melo L Table 3. Comparison of the function of pollen between hermaphroditic and staminate flower in Cucumis Melo L

5 Fig. 5 Pollen germination of melon after 2 hours of culture on the media Left: Pollen from staminate flower Right: Pollen from hermaphroditic flower

10. SCOTT, G, W. 1932. Inbreeding studies with 3. HAWTHORN, L. R. and L. H. POLLARD. 1954. Vegetable and Flower Seed Production. Bla kiston Co., Inc, New York 5. IVANOFF, S. S. 1947.

6 10. SCOTT, G, W Inbreeding studies with 3. HAWTHORN, L. R. and L. H. POLLARD Vegetable and Flower Seed Production. Bla kiston Co., Inc, New York 5. IVANOFF, S. S Natural self-pollination in cantaloupes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50: MANN, L. K Honey bee activity in relation to pollination and fruit set in the cantaloupe (Cucumis Melo). Amer. J. Bot. 40: ROSA, J. T Fruiting habit and pollina tion of cantaloupe. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 21: Cucumis Melo. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 29: WHITAKER, T. W. and G. W. BOHN Natural cross pollination in muskmelon. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 60:

Table 2. Average maximum and minimum temperatures in the unheated glasshouse during the period of study ( ) Table 3. Fresh weight of 100 anther

Table 2. Average maximum and minimum temperatures in the unheated glasshouse during the period of study ( ) Table 3. Fresh weight of 100 anther N. FUJISHITA On the free caused Cytological, histological and physiological studies on the pollen degeneration. II. amino acids with reference to pollen degeneration by low temperature in fruit vegetable