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1 American psychiatric association: APA, 2000 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual- -TR DSM- -TR world health organization: WHO, 1992 International Classification of Diseases-10 ICD-10 National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer s Disease and Related Disorders Association NINCDS- ADRDA: McKhann 1984 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Association Internationale pour la AIDS

2 Recherché et l Enseignement en Neurosciences NINDS-AIREN: Román 1993 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Society for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy NINDS-SPSP: Litvan 1996 Lund and Manchester Groups 1994 Mckhann 2001 frontotemporal dementia: FTDNeary 1998 frontotemporal lobar degeneration: FTLDMcKeith 2005 dementia with Lewy bodies: DLB 2009 Petersen 2004 mild cognitive impairment: MCI MCI 1

3 2012a; 2012b Papez Yakovlev Squire Cummings, 1993

4 /

5 Hyper-Metamorphosis

6 LeDoux 1996 Inoue 2010 / 2005

7 MCI

8 computed tomography: CT magnetic resonance imaging: MRI single photon emission computed tomography: SPECT positron emission tomography: PET V 6 : 2003 AD: FTD: DLB: VaD:

9 -Wechsler adult intelligence scalethird edition: WAIS- Neurobehabioral Cognitive Status Examination COGNISTATRepeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status RBANSMini-Mental State Examination MMSE HDS-RN NDSJapanese Adult Reading Test JART sensitivity specificity 2 MMSE Folstein 1975 Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc,2001: 2012 RBANS NDS Fukunaga 2006 Nishimura Dementia Test NDT 2 Montreal Cognitive Assessment MoCA Nasreddine, Wechsler memory scale-revised: WMS-R Benton visual retention test: BVRT Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test: ROCFT WMS-R WAIS- WMS-R Wechsler WMS- WMS-Wechsler, 2009 Rivermead behavioural memory test: RBMT

10 Wilson 1986: 2002 cut off 39 19/ / /16 cut off 39 7/ /8 60 5/ cut off 13/ cut off 5/ Kazui 2005 MCI cut off 16/ cut off 6/ MCI cut off 5/ cut off 1/ bahavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome: BADS Trail Making Test TMT TMT part B clinical assessment for attention: CAT clinical assessment for spontaneity: CAS Serial 7 s Wisconsin Card Sorting Test WCSTModified Stroop Test word fluency test by initial letter & by categoriesfrontal Assessment Battery FAB Iowa Gambling Task IGT Modified Stroop Test cutoff sensitivity specificity MMSE / / control vs amnestic MCI+probable AD 26/ control vs amnestic MCI HDS-R / MoCA Nasreddine / Luis / control vs MCI control vs MCI

11 clock drawing test: CDT Kohs block-design test Raven s coloured progressive matrices: RCPM CDT Rouleau Rouleau 1992 CLOX executive clock drawing task: Royall 1998 Shulman behavioural inattention test: BIT WAB western aphasia battery: WAB standard language test of aphasia: SLTA WAB Autobiographical Memory Test ABMT Tower of Hanoi Edinburgh Laterality Quotient Test ELQT visual perception test for agnosia: VPTA standard performance test for apraxia: SPTA ELQT Alzheimer s Disease Assessment Scale ADASGottfries-Brane-Steen Scale GBS ScaleClinical Dementia Rating CDRClinician s Interview-Based Impression of Change plus CIBIC plusneuropsychiatric Inventory NPIFunctional Assessment Staging FASTBehavioral Pathology in Alzheimer s Disease Behave-ADZarit Zarit caregiver burden interview ADAS cognitive part noncognitive part ADAS-Jcog. Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: BPSD NPI 1997, 2006, 2008 Barthel Index Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale IADLPhysical Self-Maintenance Scale PSMSFunctional Independence Measure FIMN N-ADL Rorschach test thematic apperception test: TAT Baumtest House Tree Person Test HTP Test sentence completion test: SCT Gerontological Apperception Test GAT: Wolk 1971 Senior Apperception Technique SAT: Bellak MCI self-rating depression scale: SDS geriatric depression scale: GDS state-trait anxiety inventory: STAIToronto Alexithymia Scale-20 TAS-20

12 WAIS-MMSE-J WMS-R RBMT TMT FAB CDT ADAS-Jcog. BPSD NPI GDS 4 5 Bio- Psycho-Social American Psychiatric Association2000 : Quick reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM- -TR : DSM- -TR Bellak L Bellak SS 1973 : Manual for the Senior Apperception Technique SATCPS New York : SAT Cummings JL 1993 : Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. Archives of Neurology, 50, Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR 1975 : "Mini-Mental State": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, Fukunaga T, Ukai S, Kobayashi T, Nishimura T, Takeda M 2006 : Neuropsychological test for the detection of dementia in elderly individuals: the Nishimura dementia test. Psychogeriatrics, 6, : 1997, 2006, 2008 : The Japanese version Neuropsychiatric Inventory Inoue H, Yamasue H, Tochigi M, Abe O, Liu X, Kawamura Y, Takei K, Suga M, Yamada H, Rogers MA, Aoki S, Sasaki T, Kasai K 2010 : Association between the oxytocin receptor gene and amygdalar volume in healthy adults. Biological Psychiatry, 68,

13 1991 : HDS-R 2, : Clock Drawing Test CDT 69 8 pp : pp : 36, Kazui H, Matsuda A, Hirono N, Mori E, Miyoshi N, Ogino A, Tokunaga H, Ikejiri Y, Takeda M 2005 : Everyday memory impairment of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 19, : Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 12, : : pp : MMSE 18, a : : 4 pp b : : pp LeDoux J 1996 : The emotional brain: the mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York: Brockman, Inc : Litvan I, Agid Y, Calne D, Campbell G, Dubois B, Duvoisin RC, Goetz CG, Golbe LI, Grafman J, Growdon JH, Hallett M, Jankovic J, Quinn NP, Tolosa E, Zee DS 1996 : Clinical research criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome : report of the NINDS-SPSP international workshop. Neurology, 47, 1-9. Luis CA, Keegan AP, Mullan M 2009 : Cross validation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in community dwelling older adults residing in the Southeastern US. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, : 54, McKeith IG, Dickson DW, Lowe J, Emre M, O'Brien JT, Feldman H, Cummings J, Duda JE, Lippa C, Perry EK, Aarsland D, Arai H, Ballard CG, Boeve B, Burn DJ, Costa D, Del Ser T, Dubois B, Galasko D, Gauthier S, Goetz CG, Gomez-Tortosa E, Halliday G, Hansen LA, Hardy J, Iwatsubo T, Kalaria RN, Kaufer D, Kenny RA, Korczyn A, Kosaka K, Lee VM, Lees A, Litvan I, Londos E, Lopez OL, Minoshima S, Mizuno Y, Molina JA, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Pasquier F, Perry RH, Schulz JB, Trojanowski JQ, Yamada M; Consortium on DLB 2005 : Diagnosis and

14 management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB consortium. Neurology, 65, McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM 1984 : Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS- ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34, Mckhann GM, Albert MS, Grossman M, Miller B, Dickson D, Trojanowski JQ 2001 : Clinical and pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia: report of the work group on frontotemporal dementia and Pick s disease. Archives of Neurology, 58, : Mini-Mental State 1, Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H 2005 : The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, Nasreddine Z : The Montreal cognitive assessment: MoCA Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, Passant U, Stuss D, Black S, Freedman M, Kertesz A, Robert PH, Albert M, Boone K, Miller BL, Cummings J, Benson DF 1998 : Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology, 51, Petersen RC 2004 : Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256, Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc : MMSE. MiniMental, LLC : Mini Mental State Examination-Japanese MMSE-J 2010 : : 3 pp Román GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, Amaducci L, Orgogozo J-M, Brun A, Hofman A, Moody DM, O Brien MD, Yamaguchi T, Grafman J, Drayer BP, Bennett DA, Fisher M, Ogata J, Kokmen E, Bermejo F, Wolf PA, Gorelick PB, Bick KL, Pajeau AK, DPhil MAB, DeCarli C, Culebras A, Korczyn AD, Bogousslavsky J, Hartmann A, Scheinberg P 1993 : Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies: report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology, 43, Rouleau I, Salmon DP, Butters N, Kennedy C, McGuire K 1992 : Quantitative and qualitative analyses of clock drawings in Alzheimer s and Huntington s disease. Brain and Cognition, 18, Royall DR, Cordes JA, Polk M 1998 : CLOX: an executive clock drawing task. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 64, Shulman KI, Feinstein A ed2003 : Quick cognitive screening for clinicians: mini mental, clock drawing and other brief test. Taylor and Francis, London : MMSE, pp : SCT 23, Squire LR, Zola SM 1996 : Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93,

15 The Lund and Manchester Groups 1994 : Clinical and neuropathological criteria for frontotemporal dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 57, : Wechsler D 1997 : Wechsler memory scale-third edition: WMS-San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment. Wechsler D 2009 : Wechsler memory scale-fourth edition: WMS-San Antonio, TX: Pearson. Wilson BA Cockburn JM Baddeley AD 1986 : Rivermead behavioural memory test. suppl : RBMT Wolk RL Wolk RB 1971 : The Gerontological Apperception Test. Behavioral Publications, New York. World Health Organization 1992 : The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: WHO ICD-10

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