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1 September 2010 JAEA-Data/Code Preparation of Text Files of JAEA-TDB for Geochemical Calculation Programs Akira KITAMURA and Yasushi YOSHIDA Geological Isolation Research Unit Geological Isolation Research and Development Directorate JAEA-Data/Code Japan Atomic Energy Agency

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3 Preparation of Text Files of JAEA-TDB for Geochemical Calculation Programs Akira KITAMURA and Yasushi YOSHIDA * Geological Isolation Research Unit Geological Isolation Research and Development Directorate Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken (Received June 25, 2010) We established a thermodynamic database for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level radioactive and TRU wastes. We prepared text files of the thermodynamic database (JAEA-TDB) for geochemical calculation programs of PHREEQC, EQ3/6 and Geochemist s Workbench. These text files are contained in the attached CD-ROM and will be available on our Website ( Keywords: Geological Disposal, High-level Radioactive Waste, TRU Waste, Thermodynamic Database, Geochemical Calculation Programs, PHREEQC, EQ3/6, Geochemist s Workbench * Inspection Development Company Ltd. i

4 JAEA-TDB の 地 球 化 学 計 算 コード 用 テキストファイルの 整 備 日 本 原 子 力 研 究 開 発 機 構 地 層 処 分 研 究 開 発 部 門 地 層 処 分 基 盤 研 究 開 発 ユニット * 北 村 暁, 吉 田 泰 (2010 年 6 月 25 日 受 理 ) 高 レベル 放 射 性 廃 棄 物 および TRU 廃 棄 物 の 地 層 処 分 の 性 能 評 価 に 用 いるための 熱 力 学 データベース(JAEA-TDB)を 整 備 した この JAEA-TDB のテキストファイルとして, PHREEQC,EQ3/6,Geochemist s Workbench といった 地 球 化 学 計 算 コード 用 フォーマッ トを 整 備 した これらのテキストファイルは, 本 報 告 付 属 の CD-ROM に 収 納 されると ともに,インターネット( 公 開 され 利 用 できるように なる 予 定 である 核 燃 料 サイクル 工 学 研 究 所 ( 駐 在 ): 茨 城 県 那 珂 郡 東 海 村 村 松 4-33 * 検 査 開 発 株 式 会 社 ii

5 Contents 1. Introduction Brief Summary on Development of JAEA-TDB Preparation of Text Files for JAEA-TDB Text File for PHREEQC Text File for EQ3/ Text File for Geochemist s Workbench... 4 Conclusions... 7 References... 8 Appendix. Revised Thermodynamic Data Compiled for JAEA-TDB JAEA-TDB JAEA-TDB PHREEQC EQ3/ Geochemist s Workbench JAEA-TDB iii

6 Content of Tables Table 1 Correction of errata published in the first version of text file (100331c0.tdb) and the TDB report... 4 Table A 1 Selected equilibrium constants of aqueous species for JAEA-TDB ready to use for the geochemical calculation programs (revised from Table 18 in the TDB report) Table A 2 Selected equilibrium constants of solid phases for JAEA-TDB ready to use for the geochemical calculation programs (revised from Table 19 in the TDB report) 30 Content of Figures Figure 1 Example of JAEA-TDB for PHREEQC format... 3 Figure 2 Example of JAEA-TDB for EQ3/6 format... 5 Figure 3 Example of JAEA-TDB for Geochemist s Workbench format... 6 iv

7 1. Introduction Many radionuclides are contained in high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and are part of TRU waste packages and some of them have long half-lives (more than 10 4 year). It is necessary to estimate the solubility of the radionuclides in ground waters and pore waters in an engineered barrier system for performance assessment of geological disposal of HLW and TRU wastes. Thermodynamic data, e.g., the equilibrium constant of solubility limiting solids at standard state (i.e. ionic strength of 0), are needed to estimate the solubility and aqueous species in the groundwater and porewater, and also data are fundamental information to estimating sorption and diffusion behaviors of chemical species on/in engineered barriers and host rocks. Therefore, the most reliable thermodynamic data should be integrated to carry out the reliable performance assessment by an implementation and regulatory organizations. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has developed the thermodynamic database (JAEA-TDB) for the performance assessment of geological disposal of radioactive waste 1). Main part of the thermodynamic data in JAEA-TDB were selected and estimated by JAEA, however, some part of therm were taken from data selected by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2) and those selected by Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC; one of the predecessor of JAEA) 3). The thermodynamic data were compiled and converted to be available for use of geochemical calculation programs (shown in Tables 18 and 19 in the TDB report 1) ). We prepared text files ready for use of some geochemical calculation programs, e.g., PHREEQC 4), EQ3/6 5) and Geochemist s Workbench 6)

8 2. Brief Summary on Development of JAEA-TDB Selection of thermodynamic data for JAEA-TDB was performed on the basis of the fundamental plan 1), the content of which was briefly described below. Selection of equilibrium constant of reaction at standard state (Kº) was obligatorily performed, and selection of other thermodynamic values on enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity was recommended. Thermodynamic data for chemical compounds and species for radioelements with naturally occurring elements (e.g., halogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus) and some organic ligands were selected. Other thermodynamic data which were needed to select were quoted from those called Auxiliary Data selected by the NEA 2). Review and selection of thermodynamic values obtained from experimental data should be based on the TDB-1 guideline by the OECD/NEA 7). Thermodynamic values or databases selected by the NEA 2) and Lothenbach et al. 8), which were based on the TDB-1 guideline 7), could be selected to the JAEA-TDB after surveying the latest literature and checking consistency of the value in the database. Otherwise review and selection of thermodynamic values should be performed after surveying the literature to collect proposed thermodynamic data. Application of chemical analogues and models should be considered to obtain thermodynamic values for some species for which there has been no published experimental data. Some unreliable thermodynamic values, which are important for the performance assessment of geological disposal of radioactive wastes, may be selected as tentative values while specifying their reliability and the needs for the values to be determined. All thermodynamic values should be standardized at K and at zero ionic strength, using the Brønsted-Guggenheim-Scatchard Model (usually called the specific ion interaction theory (SIT) ) 2) for correction of ionic strength

9 3. Preparation of Text Files for JAEA-TDB 3.1 Text File for PHREEQC We prepared a text file of JAEA-TDB for the geochemical calculation program PHREEQC using that of JNC-TDB 1,9). Equilibrium constants listed in Tables 18 and 19 in the TDB report 1) were installed into the PHREEQC format as shown in the following figure. # Ref Np CO H2O -2.0 H+ = Np(CO3)2(OH)2-2 log_k # Error Figure 1 Example of JAEA-TDB for PHREEQC format Four lines are occupied for each reaction. The first line shows the number of the referred literature listed in the last part of the text file and corresponding to the TDB report 1). The second and third lines show the reaction and its logarithm of equilibrium constant. The fourth line shows an error (i.e. uncertainty) of the equilibrium constant. Although it is still difficult to handle error propagation in the geochemical calculation programs, users can find reliability of the selected equilibrium constants and trace procedure of the data selection. We published the first version of PHREEQC format named c0.tdb on our Website ( However, we found some errata in the TDB file, hence we corrected the file and updated with the file name of c1.tdb. The corrected contents are summarized in Table 1, and revised tables are shown in Appendix. We recognize that the latest version of PHREEQC (Ver. 2.17; published in February, 2010) contains the subroutine for ionic strength correction by the SIT. Using the SIT, however, is not currently applicable to the present text file for JAEA-TDB due to insufficiency of ion-interaction parameters. We will try to update the text file after developing all ion-interaction parameters

10 Table 1 Correction of errata published in the first version of text file (100331c0.tdb) and the TDB report 1) line No. in c0.tdb page line content first version 1) (100331c0.tdb) Nos. in ref reaction for AsO 4 2- this version (100331c1.tdb) no references addition of ref log K for PdOH ± ± log K for Pd(OH) 2 (aq) ± ± log K for Pd(OH) log K for PbCl log K for Np(OH) log K for Np(OH) reaction for NpO 2 (CO 3 ) ± ± (ref. 6) ± (ref. 80) ± ± ± ± NpO CO3-2 = NpO2(CO3) NpO CO3-2 = NpO2(CO3) reaction for NpO 2 (CO 3 ) 2 OH 4 2 NpO CO 2-3 +H 2 O(l) NpO CO H 2 O(l) NpO 2 (CO 3 ) 2 OH 4- +H + NpO 2 (CO 3 ) 2 OH 4- + H log K for NpO 2 (CO 3 ) 2 OH ± ± log K for (NpO 2 ) 2 CO 3 (OH) ± ± log K for Am(cit)(aq) (removed due to duplication of log K ) log K for AmH(cit) (removed due to duplication of log K ) 4351 log K for Th(OH) 3 Is log K for Th(OH) 4 Is reaction for Fe 3 Al 2 (SiO 4 ) 3 (almandine) no references addition of ref log K for SiO 2 0.5H 2 O(am) (bad stoichiometry) (removed) addition of log K for (no datum) ± Pd(s) Pd e - (ref. 69) log K for Pd(OH) 2 (s) ± ± log K for Sm 2 (CO 3 ) 3 (am) ± ± log K for Ac 2 (CO 3 ) 3 (am) ± ± log K for NpO 2 OH(am, aged) ± ± log K for NpO 2 OH(am, fresh) ± ± log K for Am 2 (CO 3 ) 3 (am) ± ± log K for Cm 2 (CO 3 ) 3 (am) ± ± ref. 69 J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., submitted. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 47(8), (2010) ref. 81 J. Solution Chem., submitted. J. Solution Chem., 39, (2010) ref. 95 J. Solution Chem, in press. correction of typographical errata J. Solution Chem, 38(12), (2009)

11 3.2 Text File for EQ3/6 We prepared a text file of JAEA-TDB for the geochemical calculation program EQ3/6 using that of JNC-TDB 1,9). Equilibrium constants listed in Tables 18 and 19 in the TDB report 1) after correcting errata shown in Table 1 were installed into the EQ3/6 format as shown in the following figure Np(CO3)2(OH)2-- sp.type = aqueous revised = charge = element(s): Np C H O 5 species in reaction: Np(CO3)2(OH) Np CO H2O H+ **** logk grid * Error * Ref Figure 2 Example of JAEA-TDB for EQ3/6 format - 5 -

12 3.3 Text File for Geochemist s Workbench We prepared a text file of JAEA-TDB for the geochemical calculation program Geochemist s Workbench using that of JNC-TDB 1,9). Equilibrium constants listed in Tables 18 and 19 in the TDB report 1) after correcting errata shown in Table 1 were installed into the Geochemist s Workbench format as shown in the following figure. * Ref. 30 Np(CO3)2(OH)2-- charge= -2.0 ion size= 0.0 A mole wt.= g 4 species in reaction Np CO H2O H * Error Figure 3 Example of JAEA-TDB for Geochemist s Workbench format - 6 -

13 4. Conclusions We carefully prepared the text files of JAEA-TDB available for the geochemical calculation programs of PHREEQC, EQ3/6 and Geochemist s Workbench. Some errata in the first version of text file for PHREEQC were corrected. The prepared files are contained in the attached CD-ROM and will be uploaded onto JAEA s Website (

14 References 1. A. Kitamura, K. Fujiwara, R. Doi, Y. Yoshida, M. Mihara, M. Terashima and M. Yui: JAEA thermodynamic database for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level radioactive and TRU wastes, JAEA-Data/Code (2010). 2. M. Rand, J. Fuger, I. Grenthe, V. Neck and D. Rai: Chemical thermodynamics of thorium, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Elsevier B. V. (2008). 3. M. Yui, J. Azuma and M. Shibata: JNC thermodynamic database for performance assessment of high-level radioactive waste disposal system, JNC TN (1999). 4. D. L. Parkhurst and C. A.J. Appelo: User s guide to phreeqc (version 2) A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations, Water-Resources Investigations Report (1999); available from < (accessed ). 5. T. J. Wolery: EQ3/6, a software package for geochemical modeling of aqueous systems: package overview and installation guide (version 7.0), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-MA PT I (1992). 6. RockWare, Inc.: The Geochemist's Workbench overview, available from < (accessed ). 7. H. Wanner: TDB-1: Guidelines for the review procedure and data selection, Nuclear Energy Agency in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD/NEA) (2000). 8. B. Lothenbach, M. Ochs, H. Wanner and M. Yui: Thermodynamic data for the speciation and solubility of Pd, Pb, Sn, Sb, Nb and Bi in aqueous solution, JNC TN (1999). 9. Y. Yoshida and M. Yui: JNC thermodynamic data base for geochemical calculation code, JNC TN (2003) [in Japanese]. 10. A. Kitamura, K. Fujiwara and M. Yui: JAEA thermodynamic database for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level and TRU wastes: Refinement of thermodynamic data for trivalent actinoids and samarium, JAEA-Review (2010). 11. J. W. Ball and D. K. Nordstrom: User's manual for WATEQ4F, with revised thermodynamic data base and test cases for calculating speciation of major, trace, and redox elements in natural waters, Open-file Report (revised version), U. S

15 Geological Survey (2001), available from (accessed ). 12. Y. Yoshida and A. Kitamura: Evaluation of thermodynamic data of aqueous species and compounds for strontium and radium, JAEA-Review (2010) [in Japanese]. 13. A. Kitamura, A. Kirishima, T. Saito, S. Shibutani, O. Tochiyama and M. Yui: JAEA thermodynamic database for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level and TRU wastes: selection of thermodynamic data of cobalt and nickel, JAEA-Research (2009) [in Japanese]. 14. H. Gamsjäger, J. Bugajski, T. Gajda, R. J. Lemire and W. Preis: Chemical thermodynamics of nickel, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Elsevier B. V. (2005). 15. Å. Olin, B. Noläng, E. G. Osadchii, L.-O. Öhman and E. Rosén: Chemical thermodynamics of selenium, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Elsevier B. V. (2005). 16. P. L. Brown, E. Curti, B. Grambow and C. Ekberg: Chemical thermodynamics of zirconium, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Elsevier B. V. (2005). 17. K. Fujiwara, A. Kitamura and M. Yui: JAEA thermodynamic database for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level and TRU wastes: Refinement of thermodynamic data for tetravalent zirconium, JAEA-Review (2010) [in Japanese]. 18. M. Altmaier, V. Neck and Th. Fanghänel: Solubility of Zr(IV), Th(IV) and Pu(IV) hydrous oxides in CaCl 2 solutions and the formation of ternary Ca-M(IV)-OH complexes, Radiochim. Acta, 96, pp (2008). 19. A. J. Bard, R. Parsons, and J. Jordan (eds.): Standard potentials in aqueous solution, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 834p (1985) 20. A. Kitamura, A. Kirishima, T. Saito, S. Shibutani and O. Tochiyama: JAEA thermodynamic database for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level and TRU wastes: selection of thermodynamic data for molybdenum, JAEA-Review, (2010) [in Japanese]. 21. A. R. Felmy, D. Rai, M. J. Mason and R. W. Fulton: The aqueous complexation of Nd(III) - 9 -

16 with molybdate: The effects of both monomeric molybdate and polymolybdate species, Radiochim.Acta, 69, pp (1995). 22. R. Guillaumont, Th. Fanghänel, V. Neck, J. Fuger, D. A. Palmer, I. Grenthe and M. H. Rand: Update on the chemical thermodynamics of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium and technetium, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Elsevier B. V. (2003). 23. A. Kitamura and M. Yui: Reevaluation of Thermodynamic Data for Hydroxide and Hydrolysis Species of Palladium(II) Using the Brønsted-Guggenheim-Scatchard Model, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 47(8), pp (2010). 24. Y. Yoshida and A. Kitamura: Evaluation of thermodynamic data of hydroxide and chloride species for lead, JAEA-Review (2010) [in Japanese]. 25. D. Rai, M. Yui, H. T. Schaef and A. Kitamura,: Thermodynamic model for BiPO 4 (c) and Bi(OH) 3 (am) solubility in the aqueous Na + -H + -H 2 PO HPO 4 -PO 3-4 -OH - -Cl - -H 2 O system, J. Solution Chem., 39, pp (2010). 26. D. Rai, M. Yui, D. A. Moore, G. J. Lumetta, K. M. Rosso, Y. Xia, A. R. Felmy and F. N. Skomurski: Thermodynamic model for ThO 2 (am) solubility in alkaline silica Solutions, J. Solution Chem., 37, pp (2008). 27. T. Shibutani, S. Shibutani and M. Yui: Database development of chemical thermodynamics of protactinium for performance assessment of HLW geological disposal system, PNC TN (1998). 28. D. Trubert, C. Le Naour, C. Jaussaud and O. Mrad: Hydrolysis of protactinium(v). I. Equilibrium constants at 25 C: A solvent extraction study with TTA in the aqueous system Pa(V)/H 2 O/H + /ClO - 4, J. Solution Chem., 31(4), pp (2002). 29. D. Trubert, C. Le Naour, C. Jaussaud and O. Mrad: Hydrolysis of protactinium(v). III. Determination of standard thermodynamic data, J. Solution Chem., 32(6), pp (2003). 30. M. V. Di Giandomenico, D. Trubert and C. Le Naour: Sulphate complexation of protactinium(v) at 25 C, Radiochim. Acta, 95, pp (2007). 31. K. Fujiwara, A. Kitamura and M. Yui: JAEA thermodynamic database for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level and TRU wastes: Refinement of thermodynamic data for tetravalent thorium, uranium, neptunium and plutonium, JAEA-Review (2010) [in Japanese]. 32. W. Hummel, G. Anderegg, L. Rao, I. Puigdomènech and O. Tochiyama: Chemical

17 thermodyanmics of compounds and complexes of U, Np, Pu, Am, Tc, Se, Ni and Zr with selected organic ligands, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Elsevier B. V. (2005). 33. R. Smith and A. Martell: Critical stability constants volume 6: Second supplement, Plenum Press (1989). 34. R. Smith and A. Martell: Critical stability constants volume 3: Other organic ligands, Plenum Press (1977). 35. M. Mihara: Thermodynamic data of compounds and complexes of metal elements with organic ligands for JAEA-TDB, JAEA-Review (2010) [in Japanese]. 36. D. Rai, D. A. Moore, K. M. Rosso, A. R. Felmy and H. Bolton Jr.: Environmental mobility of Pu(IV) in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid: Myth or Reality?, J. Solution Chem, 37, pp (2008). 37. X. Gaona, V. Montoya, E. Colàs, M. Grivé and L. Duro: Review of the complexation of tetravalent actinides by ISA and gluconate under alkaline to hyperalkaline conditions, J. Contaminant Hydrol., 102, pp (2008). 38. D. Rai, M. Yui, D. A. Moore and L. Rao: Thermodynamic model for ThO 2 (am) solubility in isosaccharinate solutions, J. Solution Chem, 38(12), (2009). 39. R. Doi, A. Kitamura and M. Yui: JAEA Thermodynamic database for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level and TRU radioactive wastes: Selection of thermodynamic data of selenium, JAEA-Review (2010) [in Japanese]. 40. P. L. G. Vlek and W. L. Lindsay: Thermodynamic stability and solubility of molybdenum minerals in soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 41(1), pp (1977). 41. C. F. Baes Jr. and R. E. Mesmer: The hydrolysis of cations, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1976)

18 Appendix. Revised Thermodynamic Data Compiled for JAEA-TDB Table A 1 Selected equilibrium constants of aqueous species for JAEA-TDB ready to use for the geochemical calculation programs (revised from Table 18 in the TDB report 1) ) 2 H e - H 2 (aq) H 2 O(l) H + + OH ± H 2 O(l) O 2 (aq) + 4 H e Li + + SO LiSO B(OH) 3 (aq) H 2 BO H B(OH) 3 (aq) + F - - BF(OH) B(OH) 3 (aq) + 2 F - + H + BF 2 (OH) H 2 O(l) B(OH) 3 (aq) + 2 H F - BF 3 OH H 2 O(l) B(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H F - BF H 2 O(l) CO H + - HCO ± CO H + CO 2 (aq) + H 2 O(l) ± CO H e - CH 4 (aq) + 3 H 2 O(l) CO NO H e - CN H 2 O(l) ± NO H e - NH H 2 O(l) ± NO H e - NO H 2 O(l) ± , 10 3 NO H e - N H 2 O(l) ± NO H e - HN 3 (aq) + 9 H 2 O(l) ± NH + 4 H + + NH 3 (aq) ± NH SO NH 4 SO F + + H - HF(aq) ± F - + H + - HF ± Na + + CO NaCO Na + + CO H + NaHCO 3 (aq) Na + + SO NaSO ± , 11 Na + + H + + PO NaHPO Mg 2+ + H 2 O(l) MgOH + + H Mg 2+ + CO 2-3 MgCO 3 (aq) ± , 11 Mg 2+ + SO 2-4 MgSO 4 (aq) Mg 2+ + PO MgPO Mg 2+ + H + + PO 3-4 MgHPO 4 (aq) Mg H + + PO MgH 2 PO Mg 2+ + F - MgF Al 3+ + H 2 O(l) AlOH 2+ + H ± , 11 Al H 2 O(l) Al(OH) H ± , 11 Al H 2 O(l) Al(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H Al H 2 O(l) Al(OH) H Al 3+ + F - AlF Al F - + AlF Al F - AlF 3 (aq) Al F - - AlF Al 3+ + SO AlSO Al SO Al(SO 4 ) H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 2 SiO H ±

19 H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 3 SiO H ± H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 4 Si 2 O H 2 O(l) + 2 H ± H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 5 Si 2 O H 2 O(l) + H ± H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 3 Si 3 O H 2 O(l) + 3 H ± H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 5 Si 3 O H 2 O(l) + 3 H ± H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 4 Si 4 O H 2 O(l) + 4 H ± H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 5 Si 4 O H 2 O(l) + 3 H ± H 4 SiO 4 (aq) H 13 Si 4 O H H 4 SiO 4 (aq) + 4 H F - F 6 Si H 2 O(l) PO H + P 2 O H 2 O(l) ± PO H + 2- HPO ± PO H + - H 2 PO ± PO H + H 3 PO 4 (aq) ± PO H + HP 2 O H 2 O(l) ± PO H + H 2 P 2 O H 2 O(l) ± PO H + H 3 P 2 O H 2 O(l) ± PO H + H 4 P 2 O 7 (aq) + H 2 O(l) ± HS - S 2- + H ± SO H e - SO H 2 O(l) ± SO H e - S 2 O H 2 O(l) ± SO H e - HS H 2 O(l) ± HS - + H + H 2 S(aq) ± SO H + - HSO ± S 2 O H + - HS 2 O ± S 2 O H 2 O(l) H 2 SO 3 (aq) + H e ± SO H + - HSO ± SO CO NO H e - SCN H 2 O(l) ± Cl - + H 2 O(l) ClO H e ± Cl H 2 O(l) ClO H e ± Cl H 2 O(l) ClO H e ± Cl H 2 O(l) ClO H e ± Cl - + H 2 O(l) HClO(aq) + H e ± Cl H 2 O(l) HClO 2 (aq) + 3 H e ± K + + SO KSO ± , 11 K + + H + + PO KHPO Ca 2+ + H 2 O(l) CaOH + + H ± Ca 2+ + SO 2-4 CaSO 4 (aq) Ca 2+ + PO CaPO Ca 2+ + H + + PO 3-4 CaHPO 4 (aq) Ca H + + PO CaH 2 PO Ca 2+ + F - CaF Mn 2+ + H 2 O(l) MnOH + + H ± , 11 Mn H 2 O(l) Mn(OH) H Mn 2+ Mn 3+ + e Mn H 2 O(l) MnO H e Mn H 2 O(l) MnO H e Mn 2+ + F - MnF Mn 2+ + Cl - MnCl Mn Cl - MnCl 2 (aq) Mn Cl - - MnCl

20 Mn NO - 3 Mn(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Mn 2+ + SO 2-4 MnSO 4 (aq) Mn 2+ + CO H + + MnHCO Fe 2+ + H 2 O(l) FeOH + + H ± , 11 Fe H 2 O(l) Fe(OH) 2 (aq) + 2 H ± , 11 Fe H 2 O(l) Fe(OH) H ± , 11 Fe 2+ + SO 2-4 FeSO 4 (aq) Fe HS - Fe(HS) 2 (aq) Fe HS - - Fe(HS) Fe 2+ + H + + PO 4 3- FeHPO 4 (aq) Fe H + + PO 4 3- FeH 2 PO Fe 2+ Fe 3+ + e ± , 11 Fe 3+ + H 2 O(l) FeOH 2+ + H ± , 11 Fe H 2 O(l) Fe(OH) H ± , 11 Fe H 2 O(l) Fe(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H Fe H 2 O(l) Fe(OH) H ± , 11 2 Fe H 2 O(l) Fe 2 (OH) H ± , 11 3 Fe H 2 O(l) Fe 3 (OH) H ± , 11 Fe 3+ + Cl - FeCl Fe Cl - + FeCl Fe Cl - FeCl 3 (aq) Fe 3+ + SO FeSO Fe SO Fe(SO 4 ) Fe 3+ + H + + PO FeHPO Fe H + + PO FeH 2 PO Fe 3+ + F - FeF Fe F - + FeF Fe F - FeF 3 (aq) Co 2+ + H 2 O(l) H + + CoOH ± Co H 2 O(l) 2 H + + Co(OH) 2 (aq) ± Co H 2 O(l) 3 H Co(OH) ± Co 2+ + H 2 O(l) H + + Co 2 OH ± * 4 Co H 2 O(l) 4 H Co 4 (OH) ± * Co 2+ + F - CoF ± Co 2+ + Cl - CoCl ± Co 2+ + HS 2- CoS(aq) + H ± Co 2+ + HS - CoHS ± * Co 2+ + SO 2-4 CoSO 4 (aq) ± Co SO Co(SO 4 ) ± Co 2+ + NO CoNO ± Co 2+ + NH 4 + CoNH H ± , 2 Co NH 4 + Co(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 Co NH 4 + Co(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 Co NH 4 + Co(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 Co NH 4 + Co(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 Co NH 4 + Co(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 Co 2+ + H + + PO 3-4 CoHPO 4 (aq) ± , 2 Co H PO 3-4 CoP 2 O H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Co H PO 3-4 HCoP 2 O H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Co 2+ + H + + AsO 3-4 CoHAsO 4 (aq) ± , 2 *

21 Co 2+ + CO 2-3 CoCO 3 (aq) ± Co 2+ + H + + CO CoHCO ± , 2 Co CO NO H e - Co(CN) H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Co CO NO H e - Co(CN) H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Co 2+ + SO CO NO H e - CoSCN H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Co SO CO NO H e - Co(SCN) 2 (aq) +20 H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Co SO CO NO H e - Co(SCN) H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Ni 2+ + H 2 O(l) H + + NiOH ± Ni H 2 O(l) 2 H + + Ni(OH) 2( aq) < Ni H 2 O(l) 3 H Ni(OH) ± Ni 2+ + H 2 O(l) H + + Ni 2 OH ± Ni H 2 O(l) 4 H Ni 4 (OH) ± Ni 2+ + F - NiF ± Ni 2+ + Cl - NiCl ± Ni 2+ + HS 2- NiS(aq) + H ± , 2 * Ni 2+ + HS - NiHS ± Ni 2+ + SO 2-4 NiSO 4 (aq) ± Ni SO Ni(SO 4 ) ± * Ni 2+ + NO NiNO ± Ni 2+ + NH + 4 NiNH H ± , 2 * Ni NH + 4 Ni(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 * Ni NH + 4 Ni(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 * Ni NH + 4 Ni(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 * Ni NH + 4 Ni(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 * Ni NH + 4 Ni(NH 3 ) H ± , 2 * Ni 2+ + H + + PO 3-4 NiHPO 4 (aq) ± , 2 Ni H PO 4 3- NiP 2 O H 2 O(l) ± , 2 Ni H PO 4 3- HNiP 2 O H 2 O(l) ± , 2 Ni 2+ + H + + AsO 4 3- NiHAsO 4 (aq) ± , 2 Ni 2+ + CO 2-3 NiCO 3 (aq) ± Ni 2+ + H + + CO NiHCO ± , 2 * Ni NO CO H e - Ni(CN) H 2 O(l) ± , 2 Ni NO CO H e - Ni(CN) H 2 O(l) ± , 2 Ni 2+ + NO CO SO H e - NiSCN H 2 O(l) ± , 2 Ni NO CO SO H e - Ni(SCN) 2 (aq) +20 H 2 O(l) ± , 2 Ni NO CO SO H e - Ni(SCN) H 2 O(l) ± , 2 AsO H e - AsO H 2 O(l) ± AsO H e - HAsO 2 (aq) + 2 H 2 O(l) ± AsO H e - H 2 AsO H 2 O(l) ± AsO H e - H 3 AsO 3 (aq) + H 2 O(l) ± AsO H + 2- HAsO ± AsO H + - H 2 AsO ± AsO H + H 3 AsO 4 (aq) ± SeO H e - Se H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - Se H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - Se H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - Se H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - SeO H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - HSe H 2 O(l) ± HSe - + H + H 2 Se(aq) ±

22 SeO H + - HSeO ± SeO H + - HSeO ± SeO H + H 2 SeO 3 (aq) ± SeO H e Cl - Se 2 Cl 2 (aq) + 8 H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - + CO NO - 3 SeCN H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - + CO NO Tl + TlSeCN(aq) + 10 H 2 O(l) ± SeO Zn 2+ ZnSeO 4 (aq) ± SeO H e - + CO NO Zn 2+ ZnSeCN H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - +2 CO NO - 3 +Zn 2+ Zn(SeCN) 2 (aq)+20 H 2 O(l) ± Cd 2+ + SeO 2-4 CdSeO 4 (aq) ± SeO H e - + CO NO Cd 2+ CdSeCN H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - +2 CO NO - 3 +Cd 2+ Cd(SeCN) 2 (aq)+20 H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - +3 CO NO - 3 +Cd 2+ Cd(SeCN) H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - +4 CO NO - 3 +Cd 2+ Cd(SeCN) H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - + Hg 2+ HgSe H 2 O(l) ± SeO Hg Hg(SeO 3 ) ± SeO H e - +2 CO NO - 3 +Hg 2+ Hg(SeCN) 2 (aq)+20 H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - +3 CO NO - 3 +Hg 2+ Hg(SeCN) H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - +4 CO NO - 3 +Hg 2+ Hg(SeCN) H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - +3 CO NO - 3 +Ag + Ag(SeCN) H 2 O(l) ± SeO Ni 2+ NiSeO 4 (aq) ± SeO H e - + CO NO Ni 2+ NiSeCN H 2 O(l) ± SeO H e - +2 CO NO - 3 +Ni 2+ Ni(SeCN) 2 (aq)+20 H 2 O(l) ± SeO UO 2+ 2 UO 2 SeO 4 (aq) ± SeO Mg 2+ MgSeO 4 (aq) ± SeO Ca 2+ CaSeO 4 (aq) ± Br - Br 2 (aq) + 2 e ± Br - + H 2 O(l) BrO H e ± Br H 2 O(l) BrO H e ± Br - + H 2 O(l) HBrO(aq) + H e ± Sr 2+ + H 2 O(l) SrOH + + H ± Sr 2+ + SO 2-4 SrSO 4 (aq) ± Sr 2+ + NO SrNO Sr 2+ + PO SrPO Zr 4+ + H 2 O(l) ZrOH 3+ + H ± Zr H 2 O(l) ZrOH) H ± Zr H 2 O(l) Zr(OH) 4 (aq) + 4 H ± Zr H 2 O(l) Zr(OH) H ± Zr H 2 O(l) Zr 3 (OH) H ± Zr H 2 O(l) Zr 3 (OH) H ± Zr H 2 O(l) Zr 4 (OH) H ± Zr H 2 O(l) Zr 4 (OH) H ± Zr H 2 O(l) Zr 4 (OH) 16 (aq) + 16 H ± Zr 4+ + F - ZrF ± Zr F - 2+ ZrF ± Zr F - + ZrF ± Zr F - ZrF 4 (aq) ± Zr F - - ZrF ± Zr F - 2- ZrF ± Zr 4+ + Cl - ZrCl ± Zr Cl - 2+ ZrCl ± Zr Cl - + ZrCl ±

23 Zr Cl - ZrCl ± Zr 4+ + SO ZrSO ± Zr SO 2-4 Zr(SO 4 ) 2 (aq) ± Zr SO Zr(SO 4 ) ± Zr 4+ + NO ZrNO ± Zr NO Zr(NO 3 ) ± Zr NO Zr(NO 3 ) ± * Zr CO Zr(CO 3 ) ± Zr Ca H 2 O(l) Ca 2 [Zr(OH) 6 ] H ± Zr Ca H 2 O(l) Ca 3 [Zr(OH) 6 ] H ± Nb(OH) 5 (aq) + H 2 O(l) Nb(OH) H + > MoO H e - Mo H 2 O(l) MoO H + - HMoO ± MoO H + H 2 MoO 4 (aq) ± MoO H + Mo 7 O H 2 O(l) ± MoO H + HMo 7 O H 2 O(l) ± Sm MoO 2-4 Sm(MoO 4 ) ± TcO e - 2- TcO ± TcO H 2 O(l) TcO H e - > TcO H 2 O(l) TcO H e - > TcO 2+ + H 2 O(l) TcO(OH) + + H + > TcO H 2 O(l) TcO(OH) 2 (aq) + 2 H + > TcO H 2 O(l) TcO(OH) H + > TcO 2+ + H 2 O(l) + CO 2-3 TcCO 3 (OH) 2 (aq) > TcO H 2 O(l) + CO 2-3 TcCO 3 (OH) H + > Pd 2+ + H 2 O(l) PdOH + + H ± Pd H 2 O(l) Pd(OH) 2 (aq) + 2 H ± Pd H 2 O(l) Pd(OH) H ± Pd 2+ + Cl - PdCl ± Pd Cl - PdCl 2 (aq) ± Pd Cl - - PdCl ± Pd Cl - 2- PdCl ± Pd 2+ + NO PdNO ± * Pd NO - 3 Pd(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) ± * Pd NO H 2 O(l) PdOHNO 3 (aq) + H ± * Pd Cl - + H 2 O(l) PdCl 3 OH 2- + H Pd Cl H 2 O(l) PdCl 2 (OH) H Pd +2 + NH + 4 PdNH H Pd NH + 4 Pd(NH 3 ) H Pd NH + 4 Pd(NH 3 ) H Pd NH + 4 Pd(NH 3 ) H Sn 2+ + H 2 O(l) SnOH + + H Sn H 2 O(l) Sn(OH) 2 (aq) + 2 H Sn H 2 O(l) Sn(OH) H Sn H 2 O(l) Sn 3 (OH) H Sn 2+ + Cl - SnCl Sn Cl - SnCl 2 (aq) Sn Cl - - SnCl Sn 2+ + H 2 O(l) + Cl - SnClOH(aq) + H Sn 2+ + F - SnF Sn F - SnF 2 (aq) Sn F - - SnF

24 Sn 2+ + NO SnNO Sn NO - 3 Sn(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Sn NO Sn(NO 3 ) Sn NO Sn(NO 3 ) Sn 2+ + SO 2-4 SnSO 4 (aq) Sn SO Sn(SO 4 ) Sn(OH) 4 (aq) + 4 H e - Sn H 2 O(l) Sn(OH) 4 (aq) + H 2 O(l) - H + - Sn(OH) Sn(OH) 4 (aq) + 2 H 2 O(l) Sn(OH) H Sn(OH) 4 (aq) + 4 H + Sn H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H + Sb H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 2 H + SbOH H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + H + + Sb(OH) 2 + H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) H Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 2 H HS - Sb 2 S H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H HS - HSb 2 S H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 4 H HS - H 2 Sb 2 S 4 (aq) + 6 H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) Sb 2 (OH) 6 (aq) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H + + Cl - SbCl H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H Cl - SbCl H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H + + F - SbF H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H F - SbF H2O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H F - SbF 3 (aq) + 3 H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 3 (aq) + 2 H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) 5 (aq) + 2 H e Sb(OH) 5 (aq) + H 2 O(l) Sb(OH) H Sb(OH) 5 (aq) + 4 H 2 O(l) Sb 12 (OH) H Sb(OH) 5 (aq) + 5 H 2 O(l) Sb 12 (OH) H Sb(OH) 5 (aq) + 6 H 2 O(l) Sb 12 (OH) H Sb(OH) 5 (aq) + 7 H 2 O(l) Sb 12 (OH) H I H 2 O(l) IO H e ± I H 2 O(l) HIO 3 (aq) + 5 H e ± I - I e I - + H + HI(aq) I - + H 2 O(l) IO H e I H 2 O(l) IO H e I - + H 2 O(l) I 2 O H e I - + H 2 O(l) HIO(aq) + H e I - + H 2 O(l) H 2 IO I - + H 2 O(l) HI 2 O - + H e I - + Cl - I 2 Cl e I - + Cl - ICl - + e I Cl - ICl e I - I 2 (aq) + 2 e Ba 2+ + H 2 O(l) BaOH + + H ± Ba 2+ + SO 2-4 BaSO 4 (aq) ± Sm 3+ + H 2 O(l) SmOH 2+ + H ± Sm H 2 O(l) Sm(OH) H ± Sm H 2 O(l) Sm(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H ± Sm 3+ + F - SmF ± Sm F - + SmF ±

25 Sm 3+ + Cl - SmCl ± Sm Cl - + SmCl ± Sm 3+ + SO SmSO ± Sm SO 4 2- Sm(SO 4 ) ± Sm NO H e - SmN H 2 O(l) ± , 2 Sm 3+ + NO SmNO ± Sm 3+ + NO SmNO ± Sm H + + PO 4 3- SmH 2 PO 4 2+ Sm 3+ + CO 3 2- SmCO 3 + Sm CO 3 2- Sm(CO 3 ) 2 - Sm CO 3 2- Sm(CO 3 ) 3 3- Sm 3+ + H + + CO 3 2- SmHCO ± , ± ± ± ± , 2 Sm 3+ + H 4 SiO 4 (aq) SmSiO(OH) H ± Sm 3+ + NO CO SO H e - SmSCN H 2 O(l) ± , 2 2 Hg e - 2+ Hg ± Pb 2+ + H 2 O(l) PbOH + + H ± Pb H 2 O(l) Pb(OH)2(aq) + 2 H ± Pb H 2 O(l) Pb(OH) H ± Pb H 2 O(l) Pb(OH) H ± Pb 2+ + H 2 O(l) Pb 2 OH 3+ + H Pb H 2 O(l) Pb 4 (OH) H Pb H 2 O(l) Pb 3 (OH) H Pb H 2 O(l) Pb 3 (OH) H Pb H 2 O(l) Pb 6 (OH) H Pb 2+ + CO 2-3 PbCO 3 (aq) Pb CO Pb(CO 3 ) Pb 2+ + NO PbNO Pb NO - 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Pb NO Pb(NO 3 ) Pb 2+ + PO H + PbHPO 4 (aq) Pb 2+ + PO H + + PbH 2 PO Pb 2+ + SO 2-4 PbSO 4 (aq) Pb SO Pb(SO 4 ) Pb HS - Pb(HS) 2 (aq) Pb HS - - Pb(HS) Pb 2+ + Cl - PbCl ± Pb Cl - PbCl 2 (aq) ± Pb Cl - - PbCl ± Pb Cl - 2- PbCl ± * Pb 2+ + F - PbF Pb F - PbF 2 (aq) Pb 2+ + F - + Cl - PbFCl(aq) Bi 3+ + H 2 O BiOH 2+ + H Bi H 2 O Bi(OH) H ± Bi H 2 O Bi(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H ± Bi H 2 O Bi(OH) H ± Bi H 2 O Bi 6 (OH) H Bi H 2 O Bi 9 (OH) H Bi H 2 O Bi 9 (OH) H Bi H 2 O Bi 9 (OH) H

26 3 Bi H 2 O Bi 3 (OH) H Bi 3+ + Cl - BiCl ± Bi Cl - + BiCl ± Bi Cl - BiCl 3 (aq) ± Bi Cl - - BiCl ± Bi Cl - 2- BiCl ± Bi 3+ + PO 3-4 BiPO 4 (aq) Bi 3+ + NO BiNO Bi NO Bi(NO 3 ) Bi NO - 3 Bi(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) Bi NO Bi(NO 3 ) Bi 3+ + Cl - + NO BiClNO Bi 3+ + Cl NO - 3 BiCl(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Bi Cl - + NO - 3 BiCl 2 NO 3 (aq) Bi Cl NO BiCl 2 (NO 3 ) Bi Cl - + NO BiCl 3 NO Ra 2+ + H 2 O RaOH + + H ± Ra 2+ + SO 2-4 RaSO 4 (aq) ± Ac 3+ + H 2 O(l) AcOH 2+ + H ± * Ac H 2 O(l) Ac OH) H ± * Ac H 2 O(l) Ac(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H ± * Ac 3+ + F - AcF ± * Ac F - + AcF ± * Ac 3+ + Cl - AcCl ± * Ac Cl - + AcCl ± * Ac 3+ + SO AcSO ± * Ac SO Ac(SO 4 ) ± * Ac NO H e - AcN H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Ac 3+ + NO AcNO ± * Ac 3+ + NO AcNO ± * Ac H + + PO AcH 2 PO ± , 2 * Ac 3+ + CO AcCO ± * Ac CO Ac(CO 3 ) ± * Ac CO Ac(CO 3 ) ± * Ac 3+ + H + + CO AcHCO ± , 2 * Ac 3+ + H 4 SiO 4 (aq) AcSiO(OH) H ± * Ac 3+ + NO CO SO H e - AcSCN H 2 O(l) ± , 2 * Th 4+ + H 2 O(l) ThOH 3+ + H ± Th H 2 O(l) Th(OH) H ± Th H 2 O(l) Th(OH) 4 (aq) + 4 H ± Th H 2 O(l) Th 2 (OH) H ± Th H 2 O(l) Th 2 (OH) H ± Th H 2 O(l) Th 4 (OH) H ± Th H 2 O(l) Th 4 (OH) H ± Th H 2 O(l) Th 6 (OH) H ± Th H 2 O(l) Th 6 (OH) H ± Th 4+ + F - ThF ± Th F - 2+ ThF ± Th F - + ThF ± Th F - ThF 4 (aq) ±

27 Th 4+ + Cl - ThCl ± Th 4+ + SO ThSO ± Th SO 2-4 Th(SO 4 ) 2 (aq) ± Th SO Th(SO 4 ) ± Th 4+ + NO ThNO ± Th NO Th(NO 3 ) ± Th H + + PO ThH 2 PO ± Th H + + PO ThH 3 PO ± Th H PO Th(H 2 PO 4 ) ± Th H PO 3-4 Th(H 3 PO 4 )(H 2 PO 4 ) ± Th CO Th(CO 3 ) ± Th CO H 2 O(l) Th(CO 3 ) 2 (OH) H ± Th CO H 2 O(l) Th(CO 3 ) 4 OH 5- + H ± Th 4+ + CO H 2 O(l) ThCO 3 (OH) H ± Th H 4 SiO 4 (aq) + 3 H 2 O(l) Th(OH) 3 (H 3 SiO 4 ) H ± Th H 2 O(l) + 4 Ca 2+ Ca 4 [Th(OH) 8 ] H ± Pa 4+ + H 2 O(l) PaOH 3+ + H Pa H 2 O(l) Pa(OH) H Pa H 2 O(l) Pa(OH) H PaOOH H 2 O(l) PaO(OH) 3 (aq) + 2 H PaOOH 2+ + H 2 O(l) PaO(OH) H ± , 29 PaOOH H 2 O(l) Pa(OH) 5 (aq) + 2 H ± , 29 PaOOH 2+ + Cl - PaOOHCl ± PaOOH 2+ + SO H + PaOSO H 2 O(l) ± PaOOH SO H + PaO(SO 4 ) H 2 O(l) ± PaOOH SO H + PaO(SO 4 ) H 2 O(l) ± Pa H 2 O(l) PaOOH 2+ + e H U 4+ + e - U ± U 4+ + H 2 O(l) UOH 3+ + H ± U H 2 O(l) U(OH) H ± U H 2 O(l) U(OH) H ± U H 2 O(l) U(OH) 4 (aq) + 4 H ± U 4+ + F - UF ± U F - 2+ UF ± U F - + UF ± U F - UF ± U F - - UF ± U F - 2- UF ± U 4+ + Cl - UCl ± U 4+ + Br - UBr ± U 4+ + I - UI ± U 4+ + SO USO ± U SO 2-4 U(SO 4 ) 2 (aq) ± U 4+ + NO UNO ± U NO 3 - U(NO 3 ) 2 2+ U CO 3 2- U(CO 3 ) 4 4- U CO 3 2- U(CO 3 ) ± ± ± U CO H 2 O(l) U(CO 3 ) 2 (OH) H ± U 4+ + SO CO NO H e - USCN H 2 O(l) ± U SO CO NO H e - U(SCN) H 2 O(l) ±

28 U H 2 O(l) UO H + + e ± UO CO UO 2 (CO 3 ) ± U H 2 O(l) UO H e ± UO H 2 O(l) UO 2 OH + + H ± UO H 2 O(l) UO 2 (OH) 2 (aq) + 2 H ± UO H 2 O(l) UO 2 (OH) H ± UO H 2 O(l) UO 2 (OH) H ± UO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 2 OH 3+ + H ± UO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 2 OH H ± UO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 3 (OH) H ± UO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 3 (OH) H ± UO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 3 (OH) H ± UO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 4 (OH) H ± UO F - UO 2 F ± UO F - UO 2 F 2 (aq) ± UO F - - UO 2 F ± UO F - 2- UO 2 F ± UO Cl - UO 2 Cl ± UO Cl - UO 2 Cl 2 (aq) ± UO Cl H 2 O(l) UO 2 ClO H e ± UO Br - UO 2 Br ± UO Br H 2 O(l) UO 2 BrO H e ± UO I H 2 O(l) UO 2 IO H e ± UO I H 2 O(l) UO 2 (IO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 12 H e ± UO SO 2-3 UO 2 SO 3 (aq) ± UO S 2 O 2-3 UO 2 S 2 O 3 (aq) ± UO SO 2-4 UO 2 SO 4 (aq) ± UO SO UO 2 (SO 4 ) ± UO SO UO 2 (SO 4 ) ± UO NO H e - UO 2 N H 2 O(l) ± UO NO H e - UO 2 (N 3 ) 2 (aq) + 18 H 2 O(l) ± UO NO H e - UO 2 (N 3 ) H 2 O(l) ± UO NO H e - UO 2 (N 3 ) H 2 O(l) ± UO NO UO 2 NO ± UO PO UO 2 PO ± UO H + + PO 3-4 UO 2 HPO 4 (aq) ± UO H + + PO UO 2 H 2 PO ± UO H + + PO UO 2 H 3 PO ± UO H PO 3-4 UO 2 (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 (aq) ± UO H PO 3-4 UO 2 (H 2 PO 4 )(H 3 PO 4 ) ± UO AsO H + UO 2 HAsO 4 (aq) ± UO AsO H + + UO 2 H 2 AsO ± UO AsO H + UO 2 (H 2 AsO 4 ) 2 (aq) ± UO CO 2-3 UO 2 CO 3 (aq) ± UO CO UO 2 (CO 3 ) ± UO CO UO 2 (CO 3 ) ± UO CO (UO 2 ) 3 (CO 3 ) ± UO CO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 2 CO 3 (OH) H ± UO CO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 3 O(OH) 2 (HCO 3 ) H ± UO CO H 2 O(l) (UO 2 ) 11 (CO 3 ) 6 (OH) H ±