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1 CCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCC * 1. Grounded Theory Approach: GTA GTA Morse, 2009 GTA 21 University of California, San Francisco: UCSF Glaser, B. G. Strauss, A. L GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA Aoyama Gakuin University, Society of International Politics, Economics and Communication, 2015

2 GTA 21 Charmaz, K. GTA 1 60 GTA GTA 1. 44

3 GTA GTA Charmaz, 2000 / 2006 GTA GTA GTA 2 GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA 2. GTA Charmaz, 2000 / 2006, 2006 / 2008, 2014 GTA GTA 1 GTA grounded theory GTA The discovery of grounded theory Glaser & Strauss, 1967 / 1996 Discovery Glaser & Strauss, 1965 /

4 GTA 20 GTA Discovery GTA GTA UCSF Lazarsfeld, P. F. K Merton, R. K. Blumer, H. GTA GTA 46

5 2. GTA GTA GTA 1967 Discovery Time for Dying Glaser & Strauss, 1968 Status Passage Glaser & Strauss, 1971 GTA GTA Theoretical Sensitivity Glaser,

6 GTA Glaserian GTA Basics of Qualitative Research Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 1998 / 2004 GTA Straussian GTA 2 Morse, 2009; Stern, 1995 GTA Discovery GTA 2 Corbin, J. GTA GTA 3 UCSF GTA 3 Corbin & Strauss, 2007 / 2012 GTA UCSF 2 GTA 4 2 GTA GTA e.g., Mills, Bonner, & Francis, 2006; Hallberg, 2006 Charmaz, 2000 / 2006 Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 1998 / 2004 GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA Schatzman, 1991 dimensional analysis Clarke, 2003, 2005 situational analysis 48

7 GTA Constructivism, Constructionism Teddlie & Tashakkori, GTA GTA GTA Charmaz, 2000 / 2006 GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA 3.1. GTA GTA Charmaz 2000 / 2006, 2006 / 2008 GTA N. Stern, 1995 GTA 2003, 2007 M-GTA

8 GTA 7 GTA 1 6 GTA GTA GTA 2 GTA grounded theory GTA ground theory GTA 3 7 GTA 50

9 GTA 6 Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, GTA GTA GTA middle-range theories GTA Charmaz, GTA Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, / Strauss & Corbin, 1998 / 2004, p

10 GTA GTA 7 GTA Charmaz, 2006/ 2008, p. 113 Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, 2014 GTA 60 grand theory GTA graun- 52

11 ded theory GTA GTA GTA GTA Charmaz, 2000 / 2006, GTA Kuhn, 1962 / 1971 The structure of scientific revolutions 7 ontology epistemology 7 worldview mixed methods research John Creswell 53

12 methodology Mertens Mertens 1998, pp

13 UCSF GTA Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2009 GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA the theory GTA a theory GTA GTA immersion 55

14 GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA Bryant & Charmaz, 2007 GTA GTA GTA GTA 8 GTA 20 8 GTA GTA GTA GTA 56

15 Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, p. 12 Bryant & Charmaz, 2007 GTA GTA GTA 2 GTA GTA GTA GTA 1 GTA GTA GTA 70 GTA GTA 57

16 Charmaz, 2000 / 2006, p. 170 GTA reflexive 3.3. GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA 58

17 GTA Glaser 1978 GTA GTA GTA GTA 2 GTA GTA GTA GTA 59

18 GTA 3 GTA GTA GTA GTA Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 1998 who, what, how, how much, when, why Charmaz, 2000 / 2006 GTA Charmaz, 2000 / 2006, p. 190 GTA GTA 2 2 Charmaz, 2000 / 2006, p. 190 GTA GTA 60

19 2. GTA GTA GTA GTA 9 10 GTA 4 GTA GTA Charmaz, 2000 / 2006 GTA Glaser, Strauss & Corbin, 1998 / 6 C cause contexts contingencies

20 consequences covariances conditions GTA Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, 2014 / / Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, 2014 GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA

21 5 GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, p. 141 p. 142 GTA GTA Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, p

22 Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, 2014 GTA GTA interpretive rendering Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, p GTA 4.1. GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, 2014 fitness workability relevance modifiability GTA credibility originality resonance usefulness GTA GTA 64

23 GTA GTA Charmaz, 2000 / 2006, p. 191 Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, p. 173 GTA Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, 2014 GTA GTA GTA Grounded Story Approach: GSA GTA 65

24 parsimony GSA GTA Charmaz, 2000 / GTA GTA Charmaz, Charmaz,

25 GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA GTA Barnett, 2012; Gardner, McCutcheon, & Fedoruk, 2012; Jones, & Hill, 2003; Long-Sutehall, Wills, Palmer, Ugboma, Addington-Hall, & Coombs, 2011; Thornberg, & Elvstrand, 2011 GTA 5. GTA 12 GTA 67

26 Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, 2014 GTA GTA 2 GTA GTA GTA 2008 Denzin & Giardina, 2009 Charmaz, 2006 / 2008, 2014 GTA GTA Barnett, D Constructing new theory for identifying students with emotional disturbance: A constructivist approach to grounded theory. The Grounded Theory Review, 11 1, Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K Introduction - Grounded Theory Research: Methods and Practices. In A. Bryant & K. Charmaz Eds., The Sage handbook of grounded theory pp London, Sage. Charmaz, K Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln Eds., Handbook of qualitative research. 2 nd ed., 68

27 pp Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. K Charmaz, K Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: Sage Charmaz, K Voices from the margins: Voices, silences, and suffering. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 5 1, Charmaz, K The emergence of constructivist grounded theory. Lecture conducted at Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan. March 14, 2009 Charmaz, K The Power and Potential of Grounded Theory. Journal of the BSA MedSoc Group, 6 3, Charmaz, K Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis 2 nd ed.. London: Sage. Clarke, A Situational analysis: Grounded theory mapping after the postmodern turn. Symbolic Interaction, 26 4, Clarke, A Situational analyses: Grounded theory after the postmodern turn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory 3rd ed.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Denzin, N. K., & Giardina, M. D Qualitative inquiry and social justice: Toward a politics of hope. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. Gardner, A., McCutcheon, H., & Fedoruk, M Discovering constructivist grounded theory s fit and relevance to researching contemporary mental health nursing practice. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30 2, Glaser, B. G Theoretical sensitivity. Mill Valley, CA: The Sociology Press. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L Awareness of dying. Chicago: Aldine Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L Time for dying. Chicago: Aldine. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L Status passage. Chicago: Aldine. Hallberg, L. R-M The core category of grounded theory: Making constant. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 1, Jones, S. R., & Hill, K. E Understanding patterns of commitment: Student motivation for community service involvement. Journal of Higher Education, 74 5,

28 M-GTA 6 2, Kuhn, T The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press Long-Sutehall, T., Wills, H., Palmer, R. Ugboma, D. Addington-Hall, J., & Coombs, M Negotiated dying: A grounded theory of how nurses shape withdrawal of treatment in hospital critical care units. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48, Mertens, D. M Research Methods in Education and Psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Mills, J., Bonner, A., & Francis, K The development of constructivist grounded theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5 1, Morse, J. M Tussles, tensions, and resolutions. In J. M. Morse, P. N. Stern, J. Corbin, B. Bowers, K. Charmaz, & A. E. Clarke Eds., Developing grounded theory: The second generation pp Walnut Creek, CA: Leftcoast Press Schatzman, L Dimensional analysis: Notes on an alternative to the grounding of theory in qualitative research. In D. Maines Ed., Social organization and social process: Essays in honor of Anselm Strauss pp New York: Aldine De Gruyter. Stern, P. N Eroding grounded theory. In J. M. Morse Ed., Critical issues in qualitative research methods pp Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory 2nd ed.. Thousand Oaks: Sage pp pp Teddlie, C. & Tashakkori, A Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Thousand 70

29 Oaks, CA: Sage. Thornberg, R., & Elvstrand, H Children s experiences of democracy, participation, and trust in school. International Journal of Educational Research, 53,

2

2 positivist (interpretive) (critical) (1) (2)(3)(4) 1 2 (a) (b) Punch, 2009, p.68 u u / u u u u u u (,2007) 3 u u u u u (,2008, p.22) 3 (Narrative research) (Phenomenology) (Grounded theory) (Ethnography)

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