PET PET
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- みりあ あいきょう
- 9 years ago
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1 21 PET 06S2037G
2 PET PET MPPC (APD) MPPC MPPC MPPC Gain Noise Rate Cross Talk BGO( ) LFS( ) LuAG Pr( ) BGO LFS LuAG BGO Pedestal LFS Pedestal
3 2 4.4 LuAG Pedestal A 27 A A.2 Compton A
4 PET PET Positron Emission Tomography PET PET 1 3[mm] γ γ 0.511[MeV] 180 γ 1 PET 1.1 PET F- FDG( ) F-FDG
5 PET PET CT CT MRI 1.3 PET-CT PET CT PET PET PET CT MRI PET PET PET PET 1.3 PET-CT
6 PET BGO( ) ( ) LuAG Pr( ) MPPC(Multi-Pixel Photon Counter) PET
7 2 MPPC 6 2 MPPC PMT(Photomultiplier Tube) (Photocathode) (Dynode) (Anode) (Electrode) (APD) p n (APD) APD pn
8 2 MPPC p n APD MPPC MPPC Multi-Pixel Photon Counter APD MPPC
9 2 MPPC MPPC 2.3 MPPC 2.2 MPPC 2.4 MPPC APD APD 2.5 APD 4ns MPPC MPPC
10 2 MPPC APD 2.3 MPPC MPPC Gain Gain G Q Q = eg (2.1) e C MPPC 1 C V bias V 0 1 Q = C(V bias V 0 ) (2.2) (2.1) Gain G = C e (V bias V 0 ) (2.3)
11 2 MPPC Noise Rate MPPC 1 Noise Rate Noise Rate MPPC Cross Talk APD Cross Talk MPPC MPPC Noise Rate (Photon Detective Efficiency PDE) = (2.4)
12 s t I τ I 0 ( I = I 0 exp t ) τ (3.1) τ 2 3ns ms POPOP(1,4- [ ] ) PPO(2,5- ) butyl-pdb(2-[4-tert- ]-1,3,4- )
13 PET PET γ PET PET 1 PET 3.1 t I τ I 0
14 3 13 ( I = I 0 exp t ) τ (3.2) BGO( ) BGO(Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 ) 1970 NaI Tl 7 10 Bi γ γ BGO Bi 3+ Bi 3+ (Stokes shift) PET BGO 3.2 BGO 3.2 BGO
15 LFS( ) LFS LSO( ) LFS PET TOF-PET PET 3.3 LFS 3.3 LFS LuAG Pr( ) LuAG Pr 2004 Pr 3+ LuAG PET 3.4 LuAG LuAG BGO LFS LuAG PET PEM(Positron Emission Mammography) MRI-PET 1 30 PEM 3.4 LuAG
16 4 BGO LFS LuAG 15 4 BGO LFS LuAG 4.1 1mm 1mm MPPC 3mm 3mm 15mm BGO LFS LuAG MPPC 3mm 3mm Signal Gate (Self Trigger) 4.1 MPPC BGO LFS 4.2
![4 BGO LFS LuAG 16 4.3 22 Na 22 Na β + 0.51[MeV] PET γ 12cm 4.](/docs-images/41/22573284/images/17-0.png "3 BGO LFS LuAG BGO LFS LuAG Gate BGO Signal Gate 2.")
17 4 BGO LFS LuAG Na 22 Na β [MeV] PET γ 12cm 4.3 BGO LFS LuAG BGO LFS LuAG Gate BGO Signal Gate 2.2µs Discriminator 100mV MPPC 71.1V 4.4 BGO Signal
18 4 BGO LFS LuAG LFS Signal 4.6 LuAG Signal 4.4 BGO 4.5 LFS 4.6 LuAG Signal Gate LFS LuAG Signal BGO
19 4 BGO LFS LuAG BGO Pedestal BGO Pedestal 22 Na ADC Gaussian fitting BGO Pedestal ADC [pC] Pedestal Mean ± 0.25[pC] (4.1) BGO Pedestal 22 Na 4.8 ADC Gaussian fitting PET 0.51[MeV] 0.51[MeV] fitting
![4 BGO LFS LuAG 19 4.8 BGO ADC BGO Mean 324.25 ± 0.75[pC] (4.2) (4.1) (4.](/docs-images/41/22573284/images/20-0.png "2) BGO 324.25 87.45 = 236.8[pC] (4.3) 0.79[pC] (4.4) BGO (4.3) (4.4) 236.8 ± 0.")
20 4 BGO LFS LuAG BGO ADC BGO Mean ± 0.75[pC] (4.2) (4.1) (4.2) BGO = 236.8[pC] (4.3) 0.79[pC] (4.4) BGO (4.3) (4.4) ± 0.79[pC] (4.5)
21 4 BGO LFS LuAG LFS Pedestal BGO LFS Pedestal 22 Na ADC Gaussian fitting LFS Pedestal Pedestal Mean ± 0.275[pC] (4.6) LFS Pedestal 22 Na 4.10 ADC Gaussian fitting 0.51[MeV] fitting
![4 BGO LFS LuAG 21 4.10 LFS ADC LFS Mean 501 ± 0.675[pC] (4.7) (4.6) (4.](/docs-images/41/22573284/images/22-0.png "7) LFS 501 50.65 = 450.35[pC] (4.8) 0.73[pC] (4.9) LFS (4.8) (4.9) 450.35 ± 0.")
22 4 BGO LFS LuAG LFS ADC LFS Mean 501 ± 0.675[pC] (4.7) (4.6) (4.7) LFS = [pC] (4.8) 0.73[pC] (4.9) LFS (4.8) (4.9) ± 0.73[pC] (4.10)
23 4 BGO LFS LuAG LuAG Pedestal LuAG Pedestal 22 Na ADC Gaussian fitting LuAG Pedestal Pedestal Mean ± 0.3[pC] (4.11) LuAG Pedestal 22 Na 4.12 ADC Gaussian fitting BGO fitting 0.51[MeV]
24 4 BGO LFS LuAG LuAG ADC LuAG Mean ± 0.475[pC] (4.12) (4.11) (4.12) LuAG = [pC] (4.13) 0.56[pC] (4.14) LuAG (4.13) (4.14) ± 0.56[pC] (4.15)
25 (4.5) (4.10) (4.15) BGO LFS LuAG ± 0.79[pC] ± 0.73[pC] ± 0.56[pC] LFS BGO 2 LuAG BGO 1 LFS BGO 8 10 LuAG BGO 3 LFS 2 LuAG 1/2 LuAG BGO BGO LFS Setting BGO BGO 2 BGO Signal Gate LFS BGO 1/10 BGO LFS Signal Signal PET 180 coincidence BGO LuAG 1 LuAG BGO BGO LuAG BGO MPPC 1 BGO LFS LuAG 480[nm] 416[nm] 310[nm] MPPC [nm] 440[nm] BGO LFS LuAG BGO LuAG LuAG MPPC 310[nm] 5.2 LFS γ BGO PET PET LuAG BGO LFS LFS BGO 3 1
26 5 25 LFS PET LFS 1 TOF(Time Of Flight)-PET PET γ 1 TOF-PET LFS LuAG TOF-PET PET PET 1 PET PET
27
28 A 27 A Compton γ X x [cm] I I = I 0 e µx µ 0 µ Compton µ photo µ comp µ pair µ = µ photo + µ comp + µ pair A.1 hν 0 T = hν I n (I n T A.1
29 A 28 Z 5 Z Compton Al 50[keV] Pb 500[keV] hν 0 µ photo µ photo = NZ 5 (hν 0 ) 7 2 ( A.1) N A.2 Compton Compton θ A-2 A-3 Compton A-3 hν 0 hν T θ δ A.2 Compton A.3 Compton
30 A 29 hν hν 0 hν = hν (1 cosθ) (hν 0 /mc 2 ) ( A.2) T T = hν 0 hν = hν mc 2 /hν 0 (1 cosθ) ( A.3) m c Compton Z Al [MeV] Pb 0.5 5[MeV] Compton µ comp hν 0 ( µ comp NZ = ln 2hν 0 hν 0 mc ) 2 N ( A.4) A.3 A-4 hν 0 mc 2 2 hν 0 2mc 2 = 1.02[MeV ] ( ) γ A.4
![A 30 γ γ 1.02[MeV] 10 10 10 9 (hν) = mc 2 = 0.](/docs-images/41/22573284/images/31-0.png "51[MeV ] Z 2 Al 15[MeV] Pb 5[MeV] µ pair hν 0 { µ pair NZ ( 2 hν 0 2mc 2) ( hν 0 2mc 2 ( 1MeV ) )")
31 A 30 γ γ 1.02[MeV] (hν) = mc 2 = 0.51[MeV ] Z 2 Al 15[MeV] Pb 5[MeV] µ pair hν 0 { µ pair NZ ( 2 hν 0 2mc 2) ( hν 0 2mc 2 ( 1MeV ) ) = ( NZ 2 ln hν 0 hν0 2mc2) ( A.5) N Pb γ A-5 A.5 Pb
32 31 [1] PET [2] PET [3] [4] [5] [6] MPPC 2008 [7] MPPC 2009 [8] EL 2006 [9] [10] KEK 2007 [11] 2002 [12] ZECOTEK [13] Pr:LuAG PEM MRI/PET 2008 [14] Pr:LuAG 2008 [15] TGEM 2009 [16] SLHC MicroMEGAS 2008
SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography ) SPECT FWHM 3 4mm [] MPPC SPECT MPPC LSO 6mm 67.5 photo electron 78% kev γ 4.6 photo electron SPECT
![SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography ) SPECT FWHM 3 4mm [] MPPC SPECT MPPC LSO 6mm 67.5 photo electron 78% kev γ 4.6 photo electron SPECT](/thumbs/92/110123587.jpg "SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography ) SPECT FWHM 3 4mm [] MPPC SPECT MPPC LSO 6mm 67.5 photo electron 78% kev γ 4.6 photo electron SPECT")
3 SPECT SJ SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography ) SPECT FWHM 3 4mm [] MPPC SPECT MPPC LSO 6mm 67.5 photo electron 78% kev γ 4.6 photo electron SPECT 9ch MPPC array 3 3 9 3 3 9.mm(sigma) . SPECT..................................................................3............
Mｏｔｔ散乱によるParity対称性の破れを検証
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Introduction MPPC is new semiconductor photon sensor Technology is very similar to SiPM. Under development by Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) MPPC have not
Multi Pixel Photon Counter T. Nakadaira KEK Introduction MPPC is new semiconductor photon sensor Technology is very similar to SiPM. Under development by Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) MPPC have not been listed
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