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せぴあいまいだ
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1 Abstract This paper examines pre-war Japanese Buddhist missions in Hawaii, particularly the Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii, and explores how the lay members helped found their own temples in the Nikkei community. As the immigrants started settling in Hawaii, they not only established such organizations as the kenjinkai, Japanese language schools, labor unions, etc., but also sought spiritual guidance from the Buddhist teachings. Early th century Hawaii, therefore, witnessed numerous Japanese Buddhist temples being built in the sugar plantations, although previous historical studies have paid little attention to the role of this religion apart from their pro-japanese and nationalistic attitudes. In order to highlight marginality of the Hawaii mission, I will also elucidate the endeavors of the Buddhist foreign mission in East Asia that had strong ties with Japan s imperialist expansionism. Keywords : Japanese Buddhist missions, Nikkei community, religious affiliation in southwest Japan, Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii

, but also sought spiritual guidance from the Buddhist teachings.

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11 C PMC - Louise H. Hunter, Buddhism in Hawaii: Its Impact on a Yankee Community. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,, pp. - ; Eileen H. Tamura, Americanization, Acculturation, and Ethnic Identity: The Nisei Generation in Hawaii. Urbana: University of Illinois Press,, pp. - ; Paul David Numrich, Local Inter-Buddhist Associations in North America, in American Buddhism: Methods and Findings in Recent Scholarship. Duncan Ryåken Williams and Christopher S. Queen, eds. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon,, pp. - ; George J. Tanabe, Grafting Identity: The Hawaiian Branches of the Bodhi Tree, in Buddhist Missionaries in the Era of Globalization. Linda Learman, ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,, pp. - ; Noriko Asato, Teaching Mikadoism: The Attack on Japanese Language Schools in Hawaii, California, and Washington, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,, pp ; - - ; Keiichi Yanagawa, ed., Japanese Religions in California: A Report on Research within and without the Japanese-American Community. Tokyo: Department of Religious Studies, University of Tokyo, -. - ; - ; - ; - ; Ruth M. Tabrah, A Grateful Past, A Promising Future, in A Grateful Past, Promising Future: Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii 100 Year History, 1889-

- ; Paul David Numrich, Local Inter-Buddhist Associations in North America, in American Buddhism: Methods and Findings in Recent Scholarship. Duncan Ryåken Williams and Christopher S. Queen, eds.

12 1989. Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii, ed. Honolulu: Centennial Publication Committee, Honpa Hongwanji Mission,, pp. - ; Hawaii Soto Mission Bishop s Office, ed. History of the Soto Sect in Hawaii. Honolulu: Hawaii Soto Mission Bishop s Office,, pp ; - - Duncan Ryåken Williams, comp. Dissertations and Thesis on American Buddhism, North American Dissertations and Theses on Topics Related to Buddhism, in American Buddhism: Methods and Findings in Recent Scholarship. Duncan Ryåken Williams and Christopher S. Queen, eds. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon,, pp. - ; -. Pluralism Project URL as-am_buddhism.php ( - - i ; N - ; - -

Dissertations and Thesis on American Buddhism, North American Dissertations and Theses on Topics Related to Buddhism, in American Buddhism: Methods and Findings in

13 Tetsuden Kashima. Buddhism in America: The Social Organization of an Ethnic Religious Institution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,, pp. -. ii Buddhist Churches of America, Buddhist Churches of America. Vol Year History, Chicago: Nobart,, pp ) Michihiro Ama, Immigrants to the Pure Land: The Acculturation of Shin Buddhism in Hawaii and North America, -. Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Irvine,, pp pp pp. -. ; Yoshifusa Senryo Asai, Sotoshu in Hawaii in the Early Twentieth Century. Paper presented at the Issei Buddhism Conference at the University of California, Irvine, September,. -

Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Irvine,, pp. -. - - - - - pp. -. - pp. -. ; Yoshifusa Senryo Asai, Sotoshu in Hawaii in the Early Twentieth Century.

14 ; Gary Y. Okihiro, Cane Fires: The Anti-Japanese Movement in Hawaii, Philadelphia: Temple University Press,, p.. - pp. -. ; -, pp. -., pp

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.....^16.......... Abstract This article explores the education of Japanese American (Nisei) women in Hawai i in the interwar period of the s- s. Through case studies of Hawaii Women s Middle School, Tachikawa Women s School,