,309 t 22,069 t 7,240 t µg/l µg/l < ,431-70, , , mg/l m

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1 CAS PbO g/l

2 ,309 t 22,069 t 7,240 t µg/l µg/l < ,431-70, , , mg/l mg/l

3 3 2 3, , , , , , , , , , , , mg/l mg/l 4. LC 50 mg/l EC 50 mg/l * 10 : Daphnia magna h, Daphnia magna * 1 48-h, 1 Daphnia magna * 2 48-h, 2 Pimephales promelas 11 3, h, Pimephales promelas * 3 96-h, Pimephales 482* 4 96-h, promelas 6 Lepomis macrochirus * 5 96-h, Lepomis macrochirus 6 442* 6 96-h, Poecilia reticulata * 7 96-h, 2 3 3

4 4 LC 50 mg/l EC 50 mg/l * 10 : Oncorhynchus mykiss * 8 96-h, 2 Oncorhynchus mykiss * 9 96-h, 2 * OECD * mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L * mg CaCO 3 /L ph : mg CaCO 3 /L *3 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *4 360 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *5 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *6 360 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *7 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *8 385 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *9 32 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L 5. 12, 13, 14 1 LD 50 LC 50 LD 50 LD mg/kg LD 50 2,000 mg/kg LC 50 LD 50 LD mg/kg mg/kg

5 mg µg/m 3 22 / µg/ml ALAD µg/m 3 22 / µg/ml µmol/l 0.3 µg/ml µmol/l µg/ml 6) 1.44 µmol/l 0.3 µg/ml µmol/l 0.56 µg/ml µmol/l µg/ml 6

6 6 5 * in vitro 12 WP2 12 pol A+/polA- Rec Assay 12 D3 12 CHL mg/l 12 V mg/ml mg/l mg/l mg/ml 12 1,000-2,500 mg/l 12 in vivo 1 ppm ppm mg/kg Swiss-Webster + TA1530 TA1535TA1538 D3 12 * 2 DNA 6) V79 DNA DNA in vitro in vivo Wistar 3 mg/ 2 4 mg/ 16

7 7 12 F mg/ 2 / 12 12, mg/kg mg/ 1 / 10 benzo[a]pyrene 1 mg 3, co-carcinogen 12 1 IARC 3 25 F344 trioctanion 10 mg 1 / 9 5 mg 1 / 3 1/ mg/ mg/ mg/ mg ,300 mg/ C57BL µg/ml

8 8 FSH camp µg Pb/mL 50 µg Pb/mL 25 µg Pb/mL µg/ml 6 2 Wistar 25 mg/kg /30 22/ SD mg/kg mg/kg µg/ml µg/ml 0.53 µg/ml µg/ml LHFSH

9 9 3, 14 3, 14 δ- 12, 14 interstitial nephropathy Fanconi 3, 14 3, 14 3, ±0.21 µg/ml , 17, 18 2 EPA 1999 B2 EU 2000 NTP 2000 IARC B *1 ACGIH 2000 A3 *2 2 B * *1 : *2 : *3 : 17, 18 3 ACGIH mg/m 3* mg/m 3*2 *1 : Pb *2 : Pb

10 , , , µg/m 3 22 / µg/ml ALAD 14 - ALA-D - ALA IX 14

11 11 8. OECD * 10 * OECD OECD δ in vitro in vivo IARC 0.01 mg/l

13 IPCS, International Chemical Safety Cards Hazardous Substances Data Bank HSDB, U.S. National Library of Medicine , ,,, IPCS, Environmental Health Criteria OECD, Harmonised Integrated Classification System for Human Health and Environmental Hazards of Chemical Substances and Mixtures, OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No AQUIRE US EPA, ECOTOX Database System. 12 IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, Sharat Gangolli, The Dictionary of Substances and their Effects, 2nd. Ed., The Royal Society of Chemistry ,,,, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances RTECS, US NIOSH JETOC,,, ACGIH, Booklet of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices ,, 41,

14 14 mg/l 10,000 1, h, 3, h, h, * LC h, * h, * h, *3 * mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L * mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *3 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *4 360 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L 1AQUIRE US EPA, ECOTOX Database System. 2IPCS, Environmental Health Criteria

15 15 mg/l 1, h, * h, * h, *7 10 LC h, *8 96-h, *9 *5 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *6 360 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *7 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *8 385 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L *9 32 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : mg CaCO 3 /L 1IPCS, Environmental Health Criteria

3, ,104 t mg/l 30 mg/l BOD mg 14 C 8, /kg 11 8, 1 11 OH = cm 3 / sec 11 OH /cm ppm

3, ,104 t mg/l 30 mg/l BOD mg 14 C 8, /kg 11 8, 1 11 OH = cm 3 / sec 11 OH /cm ppm 3, 3-1 200019 4800 CAS 91941 1138 3, 3-4, 4 - -3, 3 - H 2 N Cl Cl NH 2 C 12 H 10 C l2 N 2 253.13 1 95 1. 2 3, 4 132-133 402 5 >200 5 700kg/m 3 5 8.73 = 1 5.610-8 kpa 4.210-7 mmhg20 4 6 log Pow3.51 3.57