閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [

Transcription

1 , ﾀ 縺0408 縺 ﾀ05 縺 ﾁ 閨 , , , , , 縺 ﾁ ﾁ (06050) 縺 ｨｬ (0909 ), ｨ ｨ , ﾀ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ( ﾁ ) ﾁ ｨ ｨ , ﾁ , 縺 , ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ﾀ , ﾁ , , T , ﾁ050707, , ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ﾀ , , ﾁ ﾁ , , ﾁ PACS numbers: 8.40.We, 94.0.Fa (8) ﾁ (8) 閨 ﾀ , , , (095) [email protected] , , ﾁ , , , (8) (8) [email protected] , ﾁ , , , (095) (095) [email protected] ﾁ , , , (095) (095) [email protected] ｨ ｨ 縺 ﾁ ﾀ (87)... 縺 ｨ ﾁ 閨 ﾁ ｨ 0909 (94). 4.. 縺 縺 ｨ O NO x ｨ (00) (0) 縺 ｨ ﾁ ｨ - # 閨 , , , , ,

2 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ , ﾁ (0809) 縺 縺 , , ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ : , ﾁ050705, ﾁ ﾁ , ﾁ ﾁ , , (H 0 00) ( O 07 max ), , H 0ｷ O 07 max [, ]. ﾀ , ( l ) ｨ ﾀ05ｨ ｨ , ｨ , % l 0ｷ , l 0ｷ ｨｬ , l 0ｷ ｨｬ , [] , , ｨ ｨ ｨ 09, , , " " [ 05 5] ｨ ﾁ ｨ " " ｨ ( ) , , , , " " , , , 09 ｨ ﾀ , ﾁ [6, 7] ( ﾁ ) , ｨ ｨ , ｨ , ｨｬ , , , ｨ ﾁ ｨ 縺 ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾀ , ｨ ﾀ0709 ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ﾁ , ﾁ , , ﾁ , ｨ [], , , , , ｨ ｨ [8] ﾁ " " , ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ (0909 ), ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ , 縺 ｨ , ( [9] ｨ [0]), [ 05 8] ﾁ ｨ 0500ｨ ( ) 閨 [9] [0, ] ｨ : , , 閨 ,

3 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 ｨ 縺 , [ 05 5] ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ 縺 ｨ 0500ｨ ﾁ050705, ｨ ﾁ , , ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ 縺 ｨ , ﾀ , , NO, NO, ｨ. 縺 , ｨ , NO, NO ｨ ﾁ ﾁ 縺 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ , ｨ ( ｨ , ). ﾀ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ 縺 ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ 陦閨 H 0ｷ , ｨ , , , , , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ 09 ｨ ｨ 0509 ｨ ｨ , ｨ 09 0 縺 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ [6] ｨ 縺 ｨ 09, H 0ｷ ｨ , , P 0ｷ t 0ｷ ｨ , ﾁ , ｨ , ｨ ﾀ ｨ ( ) (Y 0ｷ 0 7 ) ｨ N em : N em 0ｷ N cr Y [6], N cr 0ｷ m ｭo 6ｦ0 n c 6 9 4pe ｨｬ ｨ ｨ o N em ｨ N e ｨ , ｨｬ , ｨ , ｨ ﾁ , ｨ ﾀ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ O O O 縺

4 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ y ( ) n i E E o o Ecr 0ｷ F C exp 74;7 C n am n c E 7 : E cr E cr n c z y H y y x F ｭx6 9 0ｷ ｭ=6 9 6ｦ0 6; exp ｭ 7;6=x6 907, 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ C ｭo=n c 6 9, C ｭo=n c , 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ C , o=n c , o=n c 4. ﾀ () ｨ ｭ6 9 n i 0ｷ n am E E cr a ; ｭ ｨ (00) (0) ﾁ , ｨ, ｨ ｨ , E cr, ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨ E cr ( ), ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ []: E cr 0ｷ 8;C N = m o ;7 0 9 sm 7 6ｦ0 o : nc n c 0ｷ ;7 ｭN m = ) 08 7 ｨｬ ｨ , N m ｨｬ , 080 7, C ｭn c =o6 9 ｨｬ 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , o ｨｬ () , ( ) , n c o. ﾀ E cr ' 6; ｭo= E > E cr ｨ ｨ n i ｨ n am, n am ' 7;6 ｭN m = ｨｬ ﾀ ﾁ [] n c a ｭ a ' 5; E=E cr , ﾀ (E=E cr 5 4) (a 4 ) ｨ ﾁ () , ｨ ﾀ , ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ W t jej : W 0ｷ C 0 jej t ; C 0 ｨｬ , ｨ ｨ E > E cr N e 0ｷ N e0 exp n i ｭE6 9t : ｭ (4), (5) ｨ W, ｨ N e, ﾁ w ｭE=E cr 6 9 []: E w 0ｷ ni ｭE=E cr 6 9 Ecr : ｭ66 9 E cr n am E 縺 , ｨ , ﾁ w ｭE=E cr 6 9, , ｭ46 9 E ' ｭ E cr ; o ' n c : ｭ ﾁ w ｭE=E cr o n c : o=n c 4 09 o=n c , H, 00 N m, n c, l op, 080 Ecr op, ;8 0 8 ; 0 0,6 ; ;9 0 0,,5 0,6

5 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 x E 0 =E cr w E=E cr E cr o 0ｷ n c ﾁ ｨ ﾀ ｨ , , ( , , ﾁ , 0409 ﾁ ﾁ ) ﾁ ｨ ( Dt ) , ｨ ｨ , ｨ e ｨ e 4 7 ｨ 05, ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ , T e ｨ ｨ t T 0ｷ d ｭT e 6 9n ｭT e ; o 4 n c o 5 n c n ｭT e 6 9 ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , d ｭT e 6 9 ｨｬ ｨ , ｨ ｨ e 4 ｨ d ' ｭ ﾀ ｨ H 0ｷ t T 0ｷ ｭ0; ｨ < e < 5 ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｭ ｨ t e 0 79 ｭN m = , t e 0ｷ ｭ0; H 0ｷ ｨ < e < ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ﾀ05ｨ , ｨ t T, ｨ ｨ ｨ qn e qt 0ｷ D a DN e 7 vhn e 7 N e X j a ij N ｭ j6 9 i 7 n at N e : ｭ D a ｨｬ 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ , v ｨｬ ﾁ , a ij ｨｬ 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , N ｭ j6 9 i ｨｬ j, n at ｨｬ 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ n at [] n at 0ｷ 8; 0 Nm T exp ｭ 7 T= ｦ0 0; ; T=00 ｭ T ｨｬ , a n at 縺 ｨ , , ﾀ L z 09 L x ( ) v ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ﾀ05ｨ t r n 7 at H, 00 l, 080 L z, 0 L x, 0 N em, ,8 0, ｨ ｨ [7 05 9], ｨ , ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ 0050ｨ

6 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ E x 4 y z ｨ : ｨｬ , ｨｬ , ｨｬ , 4 ｨｬ , ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ : l 0ｷ 8 00, t 0ｷ , P 0ｷ 0ｷ , p 0ｷ 0; , y 0ｷ 60, ( ｨ e ) d 0ｷ 080, ｨ ﾀ , ﾀ ｨ , , , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ : , ｨ ( H), , ｨ ( E) : ｨｬ ｨ , , ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ ( ﾁ , ｨ ). 0900ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ H ｨ l= sin y 0ｷ , ｨ ( E), ｨ ﾁ ﾁ (p 0ｷ , ｨ ) : ) (0409 ﾁ ﾁ ) , , ) , , ｨ , , ) , , ｨ , ﾁ ﾁ E, ｨ , ( , ｨ E, ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ ) , ｨ ｨ ﾁ ( ) ｨ ｨ ( ) ｨ [0], , ｨ ( ), , ｨ 0500ｨ , n 5 o [] ｨ ｨ [ 05 4] ｨ , , ( ) , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ09090, ｨ , 0605ｨ , , 縺 ﾁ 縺 ｨ H 0ｷ ﾀ , ｨ

7 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 ﾁ , : (00) p 0ｷ , (0) p 0ｷ , (0) p 0ｷ ｨ , ｨ ( ) L z, L x ｨ N em , [8 05 ] : D ｨｬ , t 0 0ｷ ln ｭN em =N e0 6 9=n i ｭE ｨｬ , (7) E 0ｷ 5E cr, E cr ｨｬ (), E 0 ｨｬ ｨ , P ｨｬ , W ｨｬ ｨ , T n ｨｬ ｨ l 0ｷ 09 0, ﾀ 縺 , ｨ , : ｨ O 6ｦ0 e! O 6ｦ0 O 6ｦ0 e ; ｭ ｨ N O 6ｦ0 N! O 6ｦ0 O 6ｦ0 N ｭ ｨ O 6ｦ0 e! O 7 6ｦ0 O : ｭ [, 5], () 09 () ｨ , () [] ｨ ｨ : N 6ｦ0 e! N 6ｦ0 e : ｭ , (), (4), () () ｨ ｨ , , : N 6ｦ0 M! N 6ｦ0 produkty; N! N 6ｦ0 hn : ｭ ｨ , A S 6ｦ0 u [5] N ｭA S 6ｦ0 u 6 9 6ｦ0 N ｭA S 6ｦ0 u 6 9! N ｭC P u 6 9 6ｦ0 N ; N ｭA S u 6ｦ ｦ0 O! NO 6ｦ0 N ｨ N 6ｦ0 e! N 6ｦ0 e ｭ66 9 ｭ76 9 ｭ H, 00 D, 0 t 0, 0408 T n, c l, 080 E cr, E 0, P, 閨0509 W, ; 0 7 ; ,8 0,8,4,9,5 0,55 9,5 7,5, ,

8 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ ｨ 縺 ｨ () 09 (5). 縺 ｨ , , (), (4) ﾀ ｨ ｨ (4) : X ｭ ｭ N j 0ｷ k j N e N 07 dt dv ; ｭ96 9 V P Nj ｨｬ j , k j ｨｬ (4), [N ] ｨｬ () , ｨ , ｨ : X ｭ X ｭ ｭ O07 0ｷ C j k j N e N 07 dt 6ｦ0 k d N e O 07 dt dv : V j ｭ k d ｨｬ (), C j ｨｬ 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , () 09 (5) , , , ｨ , , ｨ () (4) ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ E eff =N m (00405 E eff 0ｷ 0ｷ jej= ｭ 6ｦ0 o =n c 6 9= ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ) , ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ , O 6ｦ0 O 6ｦ0 M! O 6ｦ0 M ; ｭ k 0ｷ 6; 0 74 ｭ00=T M 0ｷ N 09 k 0ｷ 6; ｭ00=T6 9 ; M 0ｷ O : O 6ｦ0 O 6ｦ0 M! O 6ｦ0 M : ｭ6 9 縺 ｨ O 6ｦ0 O! O 6ｦ0 O ; k 0ｷ ;8 0 7 exp 7 00 sm c 7 : T ｭ , ｨ ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ｨ ﾁ [] , , ｨ ｨ , 000ｨ 000ｨ , , , ｨ ｨ ﾁ ｨ , ｨ ｨ , ｨ E=E cr 0ｷ, ｨ ﾀ ｨ , ｨ ｨ , , ｨ ( , ｨ ) , ｨ ( ) lg N i lg t : ｨｬ O, ｨｬ O, ｨｬ O ｭ D g 6 9, 4 ｨｬ NO, 5 ｨｬ NO ｨｬ N i ｨｬ , t ｨｬ

9 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 ｨ , , , , ｨ ｨ ( () 05 ()) ｨ ( ()) ｨ ｨｬ ( ), () ;6 0 T T n 0ｷ ; ｭ46 9 N m O O N m ｨｬ (080 7 ) ｨ T n 縺 , , (). ﾀ05ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , (4) , , ﾁ , ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , , ｨ : O, O ｭ D g 6 9, NO, NO, O ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ , ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ , ｨ ｨ [6 05 4]. 05 ｨ ｨ ｨ P 0ｷ , ｨ t F 0ｷ 70 閨 ｨ ｨ P 0ｷ , ｨ t 0ｷ F 0ｷ 閨 ｨ ｨ [4] ｨ t 0ｷ ｨ P 0ｷ ｨ ﾁ c R 0ｷ 0 c ﾁ , ﾁ ﾁ T 0ｷ ﾁ , , ｨ ｨ ｨ : ｨｬ , ｨｬ , ｨｬ 08 ﾁ , 4 ｨｬ , 5 ｨｬ ﾁ , 6 ｨｬ OVA-84, 7 ｨｬ E 0 ﾁ t br n i ｭE eff =p6 9 0ｷ 0ｷ ln ｭN em =N e0 6 9=t br, n i ｭE eff =p6 9 ｨｬ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ E eff, N em 09 N e0 ｨｬ ｨ ｨ E 0ｷ , p 0ｷ ﾁ H 0ｷ , ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ 縺 , ｨ

10 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ , ｨ , ｨ O NO ｨ l I ｭl6 9 0ｷ I o ｭl6 9 exp ｭ 7s a N a L6 9 ; ｭ I ｭl I o ｭl6 9 ｨｬ ｨ l, L ｨｬ , s a ｨｬ , N a ｨｬ ｨ ﾀ , [4, 44]. ﾀ ( 綏0-84). A OVA ｨ ,05 040, ｨ ｨ 縺 ｨ ｨ ( 040) , , , , 縺 ｨ DI=I o ﾀ D O D NO ｨ ( T 0ｷ 00 K) ｨ ( ), C O , N, ,5,0,5,0 0,5 O NO t, T 0ｷ 00 0, p 0ｷ 75 09o07p, F 0ｷ 閨0. NO , O NO , ﾀ (N 0ｷ ) , ﾀ O ｨ ﾀ [9] , ｨ O , NO 6ｦ0 O! NO 6ｦ0 O ; k 0ｷ 4; 0 7 exp sm c 7 : ｭ66 9 T ｨ , [44] NO 6ｦ0 O! NO 6ｦ0 O ; k 4 0ｷ 6;5 0 7 exp 7 0 sm c 7 : ｭ76 9 T () 09 (7) NO, (7) ｨ ( T 0ｷ 00 K): NO 07 5 O 07 M07 k k 4 ' ;5 0 0 p : ｭ p ｨｬ , ｨ NO 07, , (6) ｨ O ( ), NO ｨ (8) , NO, , ｨ ｨ O NO ｨ (8) , , p 0ｷ T 0ｷ 00 K ﾀ NO , ｨ [44]: N 6ｦ0 O! NO 6ｦ0 O ; k 5 0ｷ 4;4 0 7 exp 7 0 sm c 7 : ｭ96 9 T 縺 [45] NO 6ｦ0 N! N 6ｦ0 O ; k 6 0ｷ ; T 0;5 sm c 7 ｭ06 9

11 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 NO , , (9), 0908 (9), (0) ｨ ｨ NO : NO07 O 07 k 5 07 p exp 7 0 : ｭ6 9 k 6 T 0;5 T 0908 () , NO NO p T 0ｷ 00 K ｨ ｨ NO, N N 6ｦ0 O! NO 6ｦ0 N ; k 7 0ｷ 6;5 0 7 sm c 7 ｭ (7), ｨ v 0ｷ C P u ( [46]) T v 0;5 ｨ [44] (), 0605ｨ ｨ 縺 , [45, 47] () T K , ｨ , ﾀ0709 ｨ (T 00 0) , ｨ ｨ , ｨ , T. ﾀ05ｨ ﾁ T 0ｷ K O ﾁ O O p 0ｷ 0 09op NO 0 ｨ ｨ c , K , O ｨ ﾁ N m 0ｷ 0 8 c0 7 ( ｨ H 0ｷ 0 00) ｨ , ｨ () [O ], K 5 K T 0ｷ 5 K t, ( p 0ｷ F 0ｷ 閨0). [O ], K T 0ｷ 0 K t, N m 0ｷ , F 0ｷ 閨 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ (9) , p 0ｷ 0ｷ ｭ , , ﾁ , [], O ｨ , ﾁ , ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , ｨ , ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , TE [48]. 05 ｨ ｨ ,

12 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ Z, ｨ ｨ (00) ﾁ (0): ｨｬ , ｨｬ , ｨｬ , 4 ｨｬ , 5 ｨｬ 08 ﾁ a, ( a) ﾁ , ｨ TE ( ｨ E ﾁ ) ﾁ ( ) ｨ 08 ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , , ﾁ ｨ ｨ ( ) ｨ O : Z 0ｷ Ptn p O 07V ; ｭ n p ｨｬ , O 07 ｨｬ n p , V ｨｬ , ﾁ () 0400ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ , ｨ , , , ｨ , , ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ , , , ｨ , ｨ , ｨ , ﾀ ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ N m, ｨ ｨ , () () ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ (Z 0ｷ 5 70 ｨ ) ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ, ｨ ｨ O 09 N. 縺 O, ｨ , O ｨ () O c N ( ()) () 09 () ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ () k d ｨ [49, 50] ｨ , ｨ , , (), ｨ (). 縺 , ｨ , d O07 0ｷ k d O 07N e : ｭ46 9 dt 0908 ﾁ (4) , , E eff O 07 0ｷ O07 0ｷ k d O 07N e t : ｭ56 9 N m ｨ ｨ [5]: se 7 t Z 0ｷ k d O 07N e t 0ｷ a e nc ｭE eff =N m 6 9 ; ｭ66 9 m N m k d

13 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 s 0ｷ e N e n c =m ｭn c 6ｦ0 o 6 9 ｨｬ , a 0ｷ = 09 5= (6) , ｨ ｨ O ｭE eff =N m 6 9 =k d ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ E eff =N m, E eff k d 0ｷ N m dk d =d ｭE eff =N m 6 9 : ｭ (7) ｨ ｨ , , ｨ ｨ ｨ (7) ﾁ (6) Z ｨ E eff =N m ( ) ﾁ09000, , 縺 , ｨ Z ｨ ｨ [5], 縺 ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ Z, ｨ E eff =N m, ｨ ｨ : ｨｬ ,, ｨｬ ; ｨ (t 0ｷ ): *, * ｨｬ , &, & ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ E eff ｨ (*, &) (*, &) , , O: O () 09 (4) ｨ ｨ, ｨ O ｨ ( ) Z ｭE eff =N m ﾁ (6) ﾀ , , O [5]: k d 0ｷ 0 7 A6ｦ0B= ｭE eff=n m6 907 ; ｭ A 09 B ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ (080. [5]) , () ｨ , 0605ｨ Z k d ｨ , , ﾁ [4] ｨ ﾁ ﾁ E eff ｨ ( ) ( ) [48]. ﾀ E eff ｨ (c 7 ) n c 0ｷ 0ｷ ;7 0 9 p 09 5; 0 9 p [54] , ｨ Z ﾁ (6) , O, ｨ N, ｨ , , , ｨ , % O [55] O (), (4), [56] , ｨ , O ( ) ｨ ｨ , [56] , ｨ ｨ , ｨ , [5] , ｨ , ( ), ｨ , ｨ ｨ ﾀ0709 ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ( ｨ ) , , [5] ｨ ｨ , ( ) TE p ｨ : , ,5 0008, , , 閨0,

14 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ N ｨ : ｨｬ TE p , ｨｬ , ｨｬ , ｨｬ , 6 ｨｬ , ｨｬ , 9 ｨｬ p 0ｷ ｨ 0, T 0ｷ K. 05 ｨ ｨ Z 0ｷ 5 ｨ ( ) , , , ｨ [O], ,0,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0, 0, T, C Z, ｨ () 09 ｨ () ｨ N e ｨ , N e , ｨ ｨ ｨ , 閨 ﾁ ｨ 0909 ﾀ ｨ , , ｨ ﾁ050705, ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ( ｨ ), ｨ 縺 ﾁ ｨ ﾁ , ｨ ｨ : ﾁ ? ? ﾁ ? 縺 ｨ ｨ 縺 縺 ﾁ050705, , ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ﾀ : ﾁ ｨｬ (0809-0), ﾁ ｨｬ ( ) ﾁ ｨｬ ( ) ｨ ( ｨ ), ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ ﾀ ｨ ( ﾁ ) ｨ : O 6ｦ0 hn! O 6ｦ0 O ; N 6ｦ0 hn! N 6ｦ0 N : ｭ96 9 ｭ hn ｨｬ ( ﾁ ), ｨ ｨ ｨ ( ｨ l ) ﾁ ﾁ 縺 ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , O N, NO OH. 縺 ｨ ｨｬ , ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ｨ O () (9), () 05 (), ﾁ , ｨ ｨ ｨ , ﾁ []

15 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ O 6ｦ0 hn! O 6ｦ0 O ｭ ( ﾁ050707) , , ﾁ ｨ ﾁ , ｨ ｨ , ｨ " ", ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ O 6ｦ0 X! XO 6ｦ0 O ; O 6ｦ0 XO! X 6ｦ0 O : ｭ46 9 ｭ (4) 09 (4), , , (), X ｨ : NO, OH, Cl ｨ , ( ) (), 縺 , ﾁ , ｨ , ( ) , , ｨ , ﾁ ( ﾁ ), , ｨ 縺 ｨ ｨ ﾁ , ｨ , ｨ [57] ﾁ ﾁ [58] ﾁ ﾁ 縺 , , ﾁ , ｨｬ 4* , ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ , ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ 縺 ｨ , ｨ []. 05 ｨ ｨ , ｨ ﾀ0709 ｨ 09050, , O x, 000ｨ 000ｨ : O x 0ｷ O 6ｦ0 O ｭ p6 9 6ｦ0 O ｭ D ｨ , ｨ ﾀ05ｨ O, O ｭ p6 9, O ｭ D , ｨ , O x O , ﾁ , , ﾁ t O 0, t Ox [59] t p ｨ H 0ｷ 0, 5, 0, ( , , ) [59] CIRA d O d O 07 0ｷ a O ｭo exp ｭz 7 H6 9 7 DH ; ｭ O ｭo ｨｬ , DH ｨｬ (09 縺06), H ｨｬ , a ｨｬ , ;5 4 a H, t p, S S 縺 縺

16 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ t p, ｨ ｨ a 0ｷ t p 閨 ｨ (a 0ｷ 0;5; a 0ｷ ) , 縺 , 縺 ｨ 09 ｨ ﾀ05ｨ , 縺 , ｨ ﾁ [60] ﾁ , H 0ｷ 0, 4, 6, 8, Q O 0ｷ 6; c 7, % ﾀ0709 ｨ ｨ ﾁ NO, NO, Cl, HCl ｨ HNO, H O, ClO, ﾁ K. 0 H, (4), ｨ , ｨ O ﾀ T n , , Q O 0ｷ t T n k d E E cr D[O ], % ﾁ [60] ｨ , : 0 00 (), 4 00 (), 6 00 (), 8 00 (4), 0 00 (5) (6). O 07N e : ｭ ｨ k d ﾁ (8). ﾀ , , H 0ｷ (7) t 0ｷ ( t=t n 0ｷ ) Q O c , , , ｨ E E cr , ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨｬ ｨ ( ()). ﾀ ｨ T n ｨ ｨ , , ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾀ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ , , ｨ ｨ , , ﾁ , ｨ 縺06, ｨ , , ｨ 縺 ﾁ ｨ ｨ 05090, ｨ , , ﾁ ｨ , ﾁ ｨ , [48]. 縺 , ( 00 l) ﾀ05ｨ ｨ, ｨ TE [0,, 6] o , ｨ d E dx 6ｦ0 k sin y 7 N e N cr 6ｦ0 i n c E 0ｷ 0 ; o ｭ k 0ｷ o=c 0ｷ p=l ｨｬ , N cr ｨｬ ｨ , y ｨｬ , X

17 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 ｨ , ( ) (46) [6] L 4 x 4 6ｦ0 L, L ｨｬ x 0ｷ L , ｨ ｨ ｨ , (46) ｨ ｨ 閨 E ｨ ｨ E: d E dz 6ｦ0 ek E 0ｷ 0 ; z 0ｷ x sin y : N e E 0ｷ 7 N cr sin 6ｦ0 i n c ; y o ｭ Z, ｨ ｨ x 0ｷ E ｭx 0ｷ ｷ 0 ( ), L 4 x 4 6ｦ0 L z 4 ml ｨ z 0ｷ : E 0 : ｭ486 9 z0ｷ00ｷ z 0ｷ ml ｨ ｨ : E A exp ｭikz6 9 6ｦ0 G ref A exp ｭ 7ikz6 9 0ｷ z0ｷml0ｷ z0ｷml de dz 0ｷ A ｭ 6ｦ0 G ref 6 9 ; ik A exp ｭikz6 9 7 G ref A exp ｭ 7ikz6 9 0ｷ z0ｷml0ｷ z0ｷml 0ｷ ika ｭ 7 G ref 6 9 ; ｭ496 9 ｭ A ｨｬ ｨ , , G ref , , ｨ , , ｨ , ｨ TE (47) 05 (50) , , , H 0ｷ 0, 5, 0 00 ( ), ｨ N m 0ｷ ;90 8, 7; ; l 0ｷ ﾀ0709 ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｭ l ｭt 4 L=c6 9, ｨ ｨ ｨ E , ｨ ( ｨ 05) l 0ｷ H 0ｷ E 0 0ｷ , l 0ｷ H 0ｷ E 0 0ｷ ｨ ﾁ ｨ E 0, ｨ ｨ , (), 5 00 (), 0 00 () ( ) ( ) ｨ t 0ｷ P 0ｷ 9 閨 l 0ｷ P 0ｷ 閨 l 0ｷ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ﾁ , ｨ E ｨ ﾁ ﾁ c [9], ｨ ｨ (7): E 0 =E cr 0ｷ t 0 0ｷ ln ｭN em =N e0 6 9=n i ｭE 0 6 9, E cr ｨｬ (), 00 n i ｨｬ (), N e0 09 N em ｨｬ ｨ ﾀ0709 ｨ , 0050 t ｨ Z, ｨ t, ｨ (l 0ｷ 080) ｨ ( ｨｬ , ｨｬ , ｨｬ ) H 0ｷ 5 00 (N m 0ｷ 7; ).

18 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ E H 0ｷ ｨｬ , (), ﾁ050705, 縺 , , [40]. ﾀ05ｨ ｨ ｨ [O ] 09 [NO x ] ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ 縺 [O ] 0 [NO x ] ｨ ｨ [6] O 07= ｭ NO07 6ｦ0 NO ｨ ｨ E 0, ｨ ( ). ﾀ ｨ , ｨ , , , ﾁ , , O 07= ｭ NO07 6ｦ0 NO 076 9, , , , c , ﾁ [] ｨ ｨ , O 07= NO x , ｨ ﾀ ｨ , , , (9), (0) ｨ ｨ [6] ｨ ｨ NO x ｨ NO x ( (7) 09 ()), O 07= NO x , ｨ ｨ , [6]. 縺 ﾁ ｨ , ｨ , [64] ｨ , ｨ ﾁ y [65, 66] ｨ ﾁ050707, ｨ ﾁ ｨ , XeCl ( , , , 040) [65] ﾁ ｨ ﾁ [67], ﾁ ｨ ﾀ ｨ s ｨ j ｨ : [O]/([NO]+[NO]) , H 0ｷ dn js dt 0ｷ k js N e ｭt6 9N s 7 N js t js ; ｭ56 9 N e ｭt6 9 0ｷ N e0 exp ｭn i t6 9 ; ｭ k js ｨｬ 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ (k js 0ｷ f ｭ f ｭv6 9; o; P), t js ｨｬ ｨ n i 0ｷ k i N m ｨｬ , N s 09 N m ｨｬ s ｨ ﾁ P js, ｨ ｨ ｨ S, Z t P js 0ｷ kjs k i N s N m S 4pZ N emv ; ｭ 縺 ｨ , N em 0ｷ N e ｭt 0ｷ t6 9 ｨｬ ｨ , , V ｨｬ

19 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 N s =N m, k js =k i o > n ｨｬ , ｨ ｨ E ｨ s js =s i [5,, 67] [67] ﾀ , ｨ : Cl, ClO, CO, NO, H, N, O, F ﾁ ﾁ , 09005ｨ ｨ , ｨ ﾀ ｨ ｨ , CO, NO, OH, H [67] , l 0ｷ 080, P 0ｷ 4 閨0509, t 0ｷ , F 0ｷ 0 閨 N s =N m : ) N s =N m 0 7, ｨ , F 0ｷ 0 閨 , ) N s =N m 0 7, ｨ , ﾀ ｨ ｨ ｨ 縺 ( ) , , , ﾀ ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ [59] ｨ , 000ｨ ｨ 0409 ﾁ ﾁ000809ｨ , ﾁ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ｨｬ ﾀ ｨ , ｨ (0807. [59]): q qt 6ｦ0 v q q qx 7 D qx 6ｦ0 q q qy 7 D z qz d O 07 0ｷ 0ｷ 7 d O07 t p 6ｦ0 Q eff : ｭ d O 07 ｨｬ , v ｨｬ , t p ｨｬ , D, D z ｨｬ 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ , Q eff ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ x , y ｨｬ x, z ｨｬ 縺 , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ Q eff ｨ ﾁ ( ｨ 08), ( ) (54) d O 07 Q eff p 4p D D z x ( x exp 7 6ｦ0 v y 6ｦ0 z D ) ; vt p 4D x D z Q eff 0ｷ ｭ Q eff d x : ｭ (55) , : p x; y; z L x vt p, L y p 4D t p 09 L z D z t p , ﾁ ﾁ , p L z = D z t p ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ 縺 [] 005ｨ ﾁ ﾁ D z, , H 0ｷ < D z < c 7. ﾀ t p , ;7 < L z = < ;9 00. 縺0908ｨ , ﾁ ﾁ 縺 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ D c v 0 0 c ﾁ (55) , S , ｨ ｨ 縺 ｨ ｨ ｨ 縺 ｨ S 0ｷ , ,

20 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ ｨ, ｨ O 07 0ｷ DH 0ｷ 00. 縺 ｨ 09, P S t p : P 0ｷ O 07DHS Z : ｭ566 9 t p ｨ , [, 68]. ﾀ S 0ｷ t p P, (56) Z 0ｷ 0 ｨ 05, O 07 0ｷ , DH 0ｷ 00, ｨ ｨ , ﾁ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ ( , ｨ ﾁ ) ｨ ｨ , ｨ , ｨ ｨ ﾁ , ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾀ ﾀ (t 0ｷ ) ﾁ ｨ ｨ ﾁ , 縺 " " ｨ ( !).. ﾀ ｨ (T K) ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ( ｨ ｨ ｨ ) ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , , , ｨ ｨ (o < n c ). 05 ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ , , O 07= ｭ NO07 6ｦ0 NO 縺 ﾁ ｨ ﾁ , 0409 ﾁ ﾁ ( ) , , , ﾁ ( ) ｨ ｨ ｨ , " " ｨ , ｨ , ｨ ｨ , (09, , ) ( ｨ ), , ｨ , ｨ [ ] , ( )

21 07. 70, 0 ] 縺 縺 縺 縺 縺08 縺 縺 , , ｨ ｨ ﾁ ｨ 縺 ｨ 09, ﾁ ( ), ﾁ ﾁ , , , , ｨｬ ｨ , ｨ , ｨ ｨｬ , ｨ [7] ｨ 縺 , ｨ , , , ｨ ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ( ﾁ050705) ﾁ ﾁ [74, 75]. 05 ｨ , , ｨ , 0605ｨ , ｨ ｨ [9]. ﾀ ｨ ｨ ﾁ , ｨ ｨ ｨ , , ﾁ (CFCl ) 09 ﾁ (CF Cl ) ｨ ｨ ｨ (T e 4 0;06 ｨ 05) [76], ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ( ) [] ｨ ﾁ ｨ , 0605ｨ ﾁ ｨ [74, 75] , ｨ [8]. 縺 , ｨ [77], ｨ ｨ ﾀ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ , ( ｨ ), ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ []. ﾀ05ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , [78] ﾁ [79] ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ( ) , ｨ ﾁ (0.: 閨 , 987) 縺 (06 ﾀ0.: 閨 , 99) , ﾁ ｨｬ (0.: 閨 , 99) () 6 (988) , ﾀ (8) 4 (99) 6. Johnston H S Science 7 57 (97) 7. Propulsion Effluents in Stratosphere (CIAP. Monograph ) (DOT- TST-75-5, Washington, DC, 975) 8. Farman J C, Gardner B G, Shanklin J D Nature (London) 5 07 (985) 9. Flyagin V A et al. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techniques MTT (977) 0. 閨 閨 , ﾀ (4) (979). Bollen W M et al. J. Appl. Phys (98). Armstrong W T et al., in Proc. 8th Intern. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases Vol. 4 (Ed. W T Williams) (Swansea, UK: Adam Hilger, 987) p ｧ (988) 4. Kuo S P, Zhang Y S Phys. Fluids B 667 (990) 5. Tsang K et al. Radio Sci (99) , ( ﾀ ) ( 閨 : 09 ﾀ , 988) ﾁ , , (98) 8. 閨 閨 ｨ (980) 9. 閨 (980) , 閨 , ﾁ (0.: , 986). Gurevich A V, Borisov N D, Milikh G M Physics of Microwave Discharges: Artificially Ionized Regions in the Atmosphere (Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 997) (988); (99) , , () 6 (99) 4. Milikh G M J. Geophys. Res. D (990) ﾀ ｧ (8) 85 (990) 6. Eliasson B, Kogelschatz U IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci (99) (984) , , (984) ﾁ (987) 0. 閨 , ｧ (978). 閨 , (980) , 閨 閨 ｨ (980) , 閨05008 ﾁ , 閨 (98) (98)

22 閨 , , , 縺05, 縺 縺05, 閨 [ Kochelap V A, Izmailov I A, Mel'nikov L Yu Chem. Phys. Lett. 57 ( ﾀ ) 67 (989) 6. Vikharev A L et al., in Proc. st Intern. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases Vol. (Eds G Ecker, U Arendt, J Boseler) (Bochum: APP, 99) p. 7. Vikharev A L et al. Phys. Lett. A 79 (99) 8. Vikharev A L et al. J. Geophys. Res. D (994) ﾀ ｧ0709 (9) 6 (995) 40. Akhmedzhanov R A et al. Phys. Lett. A (995) ｧ () 9 (997) 4. Vikharev A L, Ivanov 0, Litvak A G IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci (996) 4. Baulch D L et al. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 7 (98) 44. Atkinson R et al. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8 88 (989) , ( ﾀ ) (0.: , 987) ｧ , , (0.: , 985) 47. ｧ , , , ( ﾀ ) (0.: , 984) (997) 49. Eliasson B, Hirth M, Kogelschatz U J. Phys. D 0 4 (987) 50. Eliasson B, Kogelschatz U, Research Report KLR 86-C (Baden: Brown Boveri, 986) ｨ (984) 5. Gurevich A V et al. Phys. Lett. A 0 4 (995); Lukina N A, Sergeichev K F, Sychov I A, in Proc. st Intern. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases Vol. (Eds G Ecker, U Arendt, J Boseler) (Bochum: APP, 99) p (98) (0.: 00907, 969) , 閨 , (0.: 閨08, 989) , ﾀ ｧ (6) 4 (990) 57. Molina M J, Rowland F S Nature (London) (974) 58. Rowland F S, Molina M J J. Phys. Chem (976) 59. Gurevich A V et al. Phys. Lett. A 07 8 (995) , , ﾁ (995) 6. Matveyev A A, Silakov V P Phys. Rev. E 54 4 (996) 6. Vikharev A L, Ivanov O A, Litvak A G, in Proc. of Workshop: Strong Microwaves in Plasmas Vol. (Ed. A G Litvak) (Nizhny Novgorod: IAP, 997) p Margitan J J et al. J. Geophys. Res. D (995) 64. McGee T J et al. J. Geophys. Res. D (995) 65. ﾀ ﾁ ( ﾀ ) (0.: 閨 , 98) (0.: 00907, 987) 67. Papadopoulos K et al. J. Geophys. Res. D (994) 68. Miles T et al. J. Atmospheric Sci (994) , (0.: , 984) () 58 (99) , , ﾀ ﾀ ｧ0709 (9) 4 (996) 7. Vikharev A L et al., in Proc. of Int. Workshop: Strong Microwaves in Plasmas Vol. (Ed. A G Litvak) (Nizhny Novgorod: IAP, 000) p (996) ﾀ ｧ (99); (99) 75. Askaryan G A et al. J. Phys. D 7 (994) 76. Christophorou L G, Pinnaduwage L A IEEE Trans. Electrical Insulation 5 () 55 (990) ｧ (7) 56 (996) 78. Nusinovich G S, Milikh G M, Levush B J. Appl. Phys (996) 79. 閨 (997) Artificially ionized region as a source of ozone in the stratosphere A.V. Gurevich P.N. Lebedev Physics Institue, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninski 04 prosp. 5, 794 Moscow, Russian Federation Tel. (7-095) [email protected] A.G. Litvak, A.L. Vikharev, O.A. Ivanov Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Ul'yanova 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation Tel. (7-8) Fax (7-8) [email protected] N.D. Borisov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences 409 Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russian Federation Tel. (7-095) Fax (7-095) [email protected] K.F. Serge 04 chev General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 8, 794 Moscow, Russian Federation Tel. (7-095) Fax (7-095) [email protected] Physical and chemical processes occurring in a microwave stratospheric discharge of nanosecond duration are discussed in connection with the effect they may have locally on the ozone layer in the artiｨｦcially ionized region (AIR) in the stratosphere. The AIR, to be created at altitudes of km by the microwave breakdown of air by high-power, ground-produced electromagnetic radiation beams, is planned to be used in the framework of a physical ｨｦeld experiment aimed at probing ozone layer properties (position and plasmachemical and photo-chemical processes) by controllably generating a considerable amount of ozone. Results of relevant theoretical studies are presented, as are those of a large series of laboratory experiments performed under conditions similar to those prevailing in the stratosphere. Discharge regimes securing the efｨｦcient growth of ozone density are identiｨｦed and studied in detail. It is shown that such an stratospheric ozonizer is about as efｨｦcient as the best ozonizers available down on earth. For typical stratospheric conditions (low pressures and temperatures T K), it is shown that the intense production of ozone in a pulse microwave breakdown does not virtually increase the density of nitrogen oxides ｨｬ gases that play a central role in catalytic ozone-destructing reactions. The possibility of effectively producing ozone in sub-breakdown electric ｨｦelds is demonstrated experimentally. It is shown that due to its long lifetime, ozone produced locally at altitudes of km may spread widely under the action of winds and turbulent diffusion, thus leading to an additional ｨｬ artiｨｦcial ｨｬ ozonization of the stratosphere.. PACS numbers: 8.40.We, 94.0.Fa Bibliography ｨｬ 79 references Received 5 July 000