縺 縺8 縺, [ 縺 ﾁ : () () () 4 ﾁ93799; () "64": ｨｬ 9997ｨ

Transcription

1 , 86 ﾀ 縺48 縺 ﾀ 縺 ,.. 68 ｨ (9489) 67449, , ｨ b ｷ3, 縺874ｨ ﾁ , ﾀ ｨ ｨ PACS numbers:.. ﾀs,..Lf,..Mg (3).. 縺 (6)... " ". "94847" , 閨 (b = ) (6) b ｷ 縺 b ｷ ﾀ ｨ 閨 ｨ 縺 (66) 縺 縺 縺 "6968" ｨ ﾁ ﾁ9 399 (7) 縺 ﾁ ﾀ ﾀ (74). 6.. ﾀ89 ﾁ ( ). 7. 縺 ﾁ93799 (78) ﾁ " ", 38 38, , 8899 T. (9) , 47 38, , (9) [email protected] ﾁ 閨 閨99- ﾀ98 (83). 8.. ﾀ ﾀ ﾁ ﾁ93799 閨99- ﾀ (89) (76 ﾀ) ("388") ﾁ999 閨 ｨ 349 (93) (93) ﾀ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ﾁ , 679, ﾀｨ ｨ ( ｨ b < ) , ｨｬ , 86978, ｨ ｨ (467937, ﾁ ﾁ), 9 ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , " " 6837, "87", 3774ｨ 9 898, ｨ , , "439 8 b ｷ3 " ( ). 894, 9. 68, # ,

2 縺 縺8 縺, [ 縺 ﾁ : () () () 4 ﾁ93799; () "64": ｨｬ 9997ｨ , ｨｬ , 3 ｨｬ 罍ﾀ, 4 ｨｬ "34999", () 67449ｨ "399" 9 "39894": ｨｬ " ", ｨｬ "83449" 39894, 3 ｨｬ (3 縺3), 4 ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ73973, 9 6ｨ ｭn ; H6 9H > : ｭ: n ｨｬ ｨ " " (798. ). 3 ｨ , 39 4 ﾁ , d : dr i : ｭ:6 9 8 ｨ c , [ 4]. ｨ 99 79, 44, , ｭd r e ｨ , (.). 3 ｨ 縺3944, , , , ｨ "64" (798. ) ｨ "8939", , ｨ ｨ ( 罍ﾀ ), ｨ ｨ 罍ﾀ , , 977, 849 [], " ". ﾀ , 884ｨ ｨ 4 ﾁ9379ｨ, ｨ 9, ｨ [6, 7], "39939" ｨ 7 49 (798. ), , , ｨｬ " ". ﾀ , 884ｨ ｨ 4 ﾁ9379ｨ, ｨ ﾀ ｨ ｨ 349: " ", ｨ 9 6, ｨ , " ﾁ9897" , 97 " " 3, 8639ｨ ｨ 4 ﾁ9379ｨ 3499ｨ, 縺44, 687ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ , 67937ｨ 9 84, 34 H! ( ) , ﾁ9379, , 7744ｨ " b ｷ3 " , ｭb 6ｷ ﾁ , 8463ｨ [8] , ｨ ﾀ-94933, 縺79483 [9] ｨ (Myxine glutinosa) ｨｬ " " 39439, ｨ ｨ

3 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 J z J y H S : () "997-47" [8, ]; () [4, 4] (S ｨｬ ); () "7744" [, 6]; (3) 49 8 "744739" [, 9] , , 9 9 ｨ : "99747" 8 b <, ｭb ｷ3 6 9, ｭb ｷ3 6 9, 9744 ｨｬ ｨ , (798. 3) , , , 674, []. 縺 ｨ ﾀｨ b (798. 3) []. ﾀ79 ﾁ ｨ : "Internal-conductor devices for low-b toroidal conｨｦnement are reviewed". 縺98ｨ 4 944, , , , b. ﾀ , , b ｨ (798. 3) , 8949 "7744" (649- ﾀ9773) 79ｨ [6] (798. 3). 縺 , , ｨ, , , ｨ , ｨｬ ｨ , , , "6968", [8] ( ). *, 縺 : () 8 ﾁ797 []; () 999-7ｨ [7]; () "7744" [6] , , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ 349. ﾀ ( , ) , ｨ 縺 , , , , ｨ ｨ , b ｷ , 縺 ｨ ｨ ｨ ( 閨)

4 縺 縺8 縺, [ ｨ , ｨ , [9]. ﾀ 閨 ﾁ , ｨ 9 "77" ﾁ " " , , ( ) 9, 468ｨ , , , ( ), , , ( ) ｨ , ｨ , , ｨ , , b ｷ , ｨ ｨ 縺 " ". "94847" 49 縺 ｨｬ , ﾀ ｨ ﾀ ｨ (3887) (388) ｨｬ , 4, 679, ｨｬ (ｨ ) 縺 ｨ ｨ 7. ﾀ , ﾀ ｨｬ , , ｨ ﾀ ｨｬ , 縺44 ｨ ﾁ "67344" (b < 9 47 b ) , , 934, , ｨ 7 ("87-6 "4" ﾀ " "? 6"), 449ｨ ﾁ , , y m ｷ3 L=d L ｨｬ , d ｨｬ 縺44 "77" 49 (" ") ｨ , 縺 ｨ ｨ 縺 ｨ , b ｷ3, H =8p ｷ3 nkt , , , ｨ , ﾀｨ (" ") 8, 8939ｨ ｨ 499, - 4ｨ ｨ ｨ 縺 , , ｨ , , 687ｨ , 9 ｨ , , 9, ﾁ9-, 374, 679, , , , ｨ b ｷ ｨｬ " ", - 677, , "969" (683), ( ) "969" , "87", , ｨ , 3, , ｨ ｨ 縺 D 3 He, DD 9 47., b ｷ , ｨ , ｨ

5 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 縺 ｨ ｨ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ t E 38, ( ), ｨ ｨ (79 ﾀ) n , T i T e ｨ 9 t E , ｨ H 4 7, r i 83, ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ b 9 T e ｨ D? c sm c 7 : ｭ:6 9 4ps 8488 s ｨｬ " " ﾀｨ , 4 97ｨ 6749 ﾁ , d , [6] , ｨ , : ) ; ) 878 ｨ 47399, , ; 3) "74" (8 79), ｨ 9, , ﾀｨ ｨ , , 489ｨ , ( ), ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ73 rg ｷ3 ; j SP H? : ｭ: r ｨｬ , j SP ｨｬ , , H? ｨｬ , ﾀ48999 (.) r ｷ , j SP ｷ , g , ｨ H? : ｭ: , , , ｨ ﾀ474 ｨ , , ｨ ｨ d m 78 sm: ﾀ79 ｨ H? 73 : , b ｷ (DT, n i ｷ3 n e ｷ , T i ｷ3 T e ｷ3 ｨ ) H b 4 7, H? ｨ 47399, ｨ , ( 83 DT-8389) , T K , Nb 3 Sn ｨ , ( ) , ｨ , ｨ ｨ 683. 縺3944, ｨ , 閨 ﾁ ｨ ｨｬ b ｷ3. 縺 ｨ , ﾀ , , 閨6-4 ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ (" ") {T} ( ) ( ) 439, { 閘 , ﾀｨ , ｨ : fgg ftg : ｭ: , ｨ 9 399, 68-9ｨ 9, , b 4 4

6 縺 縺8 縺, [ , b loc ｷ3 ; ｨ 349 (.4) , 44 ｨ (798. 4). 7, 89 "38974" 7989 ﾁ (ｨ ) , 閨9ｨ 閨9ｨ -3 ( 閨) ﾁ (798. 4) [, ]. [] ﾀ (798. 4), , ｨ , ﾁ , , 縺 "89" , 884, ﾁ b. 4 ｨ 9 87ｨ , [], [3] "39" ﾁ ﾁ ﾀ ｨｬ 閨99- ﾀ98 [4] (798. 4) , , , ﾀｨ , , "47" : () "38974" ｨｬ 閨99-3:, ｨｬ , 3 ｨｬ 閨 b ｷ3 ; () (693); () 閨99- ﾀ98; (3) ﾁ ﾁ S 3 3 4, 9344, "83ｨ " , , ﾁ 縺 ﾁ ﾀ ｨ 縺 : ) , , 9 " "; ) ( ), 97 (6837, 69, ｨ ), , , ; 3) b ｷ , ; 4) "949" ( ) ; ) ｨｬ " ", ｨ, , , ﾀ ｨ , , : ｭb! ﾁ ｭb ｷ3 6 9, d L, 34 L ｨｬ " ｨ " C b ｷ3 const (C ｨｬ ﾁ ), ｨ (467937, U ｷ3 6 7 H 7 dl ｷ3 min) b! ﾁ , 9 949ｨ S ( (r; z)) C b, , 483 "673", H b ｷ3 min H ｭC b 6 9 ｭ:6 9 ｨｬ " " ｨ b! , "8ｨ " S 9 "8ｨ " Hb, , , ｨ Hb , 84949ｨ H ｷ ﾁ , 34 H! ﾁ " ", 9-7ｨ ｨ C G, P G ｷ3 yp y ;, P ｨｬ

7 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 , 34 H! "7874ｨ " C b, , ｨ ﾀ79 ｨ 93, , C G 4 C b ; C > : 9, ｨ, "67- " S 9 "7874 6" H b ｨ b. 縺3-944, ｨ b: b loc ｷ3 8pP H : ｭ:6a6 9 4 ﾁ ﾁ " 閨749347" b G : b G ｷ3 8pP HG : ｭ:6b6 9 y! ﾁ99 b G. 3. " " b s : b s ｷ3 8pP H s : ｭ:6w H s ｨｬ [7]. 4. "478747" b: b b ｷ3 8pP H b : ｭ:6g b b G ﾁ 閨377 " " []. ｨ , (798. ) ﾁ73 ｨ , 8494, , ｨ V s ｷ , L A L ｷ3 V s t E ｷ3 V s n : ｭ: A ｷ3 ｭnt E 6 9 min ｨｬ , DT ﾀ n s ｷ , ｨ ﾁ S : () ｨ : ｨｬ , ｨｬ 8494, 3 ｨｬ ; () 49 ﾁ ﾁ "8344" ( 閨3); () 49 ﾁ ﾁ ｨ 閨99-3 ( 閨9). t E ｷ3 7 c 9 L n s H s 7. ﾀ t ｷ3 t E ｷ3 7 c ﾁ ﾁ899 d ｭc ﾀｨ , d s ｨ , , P , 閨 D s 3 3, ｨ ｨｬ " " , " " 797, ﾀ , , ﾁ ｨ : " , , 37873, ﾀ , , , ｨ ｨ. 縺44 93ｨ , , ｨ ﾁ944897ｨ " [7] , , ｨ ﾀ89 [6] " " S S 3

8 縺 縺8 縺, [ [8 3] , ｨ ﾀ ｨ ( ), , , , ｨ ｨ ｨ 974. 縺 (9934, 4788; 979, 8794; , 8899) (6 ﾀ8) , 34797ｨ ｨ 3 閨9, 8 ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾀ , , , "47" ﾀ8, "87347" , ｨｬ ｨ (798. ) , 7889ｨ "3749 ﾁ ﾁ84" " " (798. ), , , ｨ (94937) , ｨ , 87443, 7889ｨ , ﾁ ﾁ t dif L s : ｭ:86 9 a s V s 8488 a s ｨｬ a s 3 3, t dif 7 83, V s ｷ3 ｷ , 6393 L s m: ｨ , a s L s 8 m: ﾀ ﾁ " 閨39" "399" ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , , ｨ ﾁ73 (798. ) " ｨ 93- ", , , 9 49 " ｨ 93" 8893, , 39, , 3899 "879", , ｨ ｨ , N 6ｦ ｨ 9 93, t N t N : ｭ: t ｨｬ ﾀ ﾁ ﾁ 陦縺 9 76 ﾀ [3]. 陦縺 ｨｬ ｨｬ ﾀ ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨ ﾀ ﾀ ﾀ8, ﾁ ﾁ 閨 ﾁ ﾁ 閨 ｨｬ 閨9 [] ｨ 閨99-3 (798. 4) 閨 閨 ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ ﾀ ｨ (7): ("388"), ｨｬ 4 " 縺968" ｨ ｨ 閨 ｨ 99 ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ b ｷ 閨99 9 閨99- ﾀ98, (b = ) b = , 679, , ｨ ｨｬ , b ｷ , ｨ 3ｨ ｨ , 489ｨ ｨ 98 N 39894: Df ｷ3 ; M k g 6ｦ ｭ j H dv ｷ3 ; c V k ｭ r k g 6ｦ c j H r dv ｷ3 : V k ｭ3:a6 9 ｭ3:b6 9 ｭ3:w [] " 閨94- 閨99" " 閨3". 8999, 閨3 ｨｬ ｨ 陦縺 ｨ , 76 ﾀ ｨｬ.. ｧ

9 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 f ｨｬ , r k ｨｬ , V k ｨｬ 63 k ｨ 749ｨ (3.) , 縺 (3.) ｨ ｨ 閨 (798. 4), z , (3.) Mg ｷ3 c prj mhr ex ｭR; z6 9 : ｭ3: Hr ex ｨｬ r "4443" 69 ( ), J m ｨｬ R L ｨｬ , [3] f ｭr; z6 9 ｷ3 ｭ 4 r4 r H ｭz6 9 dz 7 H ｭz6 9 6ｦ 64 H ｭz6 9 6ｦ... ｭ3: H ｭz6 9 ｨｬ (3.3) 849 H r ｷ3 7 rh 6ｦ... ; ｭ3:4a6 9 H z ｷ3 H 7 r 4 H 6ｦ... ｭ3:4b ﾁ , z L, 39 H ｭz6 9 ｷ3 H 6ｦ z b : ｭ3:6 9 ﾀ48999 (3.) 9 (3.4) (3.), z ｷ3 7 Mgb c pr 7 A : ｭ3:66 9 H J m J m 縺 z, : J m ｷ3 6 A ; H ｷ3 4 ; b ｷ3 6 m; R ｷ3 m; M ｷ3 M pr ｷ3 t m 7 : ｭ3: M ( ). ﾀ48999 (3.7) (3.6), 633 z 36 sm: (798. 6) ｨ , a ｷ e J 6 A , , 74 F t m 7 : 縺3944, " " ｨ : (a) ; () 74849, ﾁ ; () ﾁ ﾁ , , , ｭ ｭ H 8p n z ds ｷ3 : 8488 n z ｨｬ z , ﾁ98977-" " , , 9 " " (798. 6) ( ) ｨ ｨ ｨ 8999ｨ, , a R=a 4, ﾁ , 39 ﾁ ｨ , , , [7] J f J m ｷ3 a 6ｦ b 4a ; ｭ3: b ｨｬ ﾁ 縺93993, 39 ﾁ ｨ , 8ｨ 3ｨ " " ｨ ﾁ ﾁ9, ｨ , J f J m ﾁ ｨ , ｭJ f ｷ3 J m 6 9, ｨ ﾁ ﾁ9, 縺3944, , 39 ﾁ ｨ b ｷ [33, 34] b 6ｷ , 縺 b = b ｷ3 : )

10 縺 縺8 縺, [ , 789ｨ , ; ) ; 3) ｨ 閨 ｨ ｨ , 34, , , 8 473, 縺 ｨ ﾁ 縺 b ｷ , , , ｨ , 489ｨ , 679 ﾁ ｨ 9 "377" 7999, , "949347" ｨ ﾀｨ ｨ ｨ 3 ｨ ｨ ｨ 747 ｨｬ ﾁ , ｨ 9 78 ｨ , ﾀ ﾁ , ｨ 7439, ｨｬ 99944ｨ ｨ M J, (876749) 68898ｨ. 789 h, , M g ｷ3 J m h c : ｭ3: , ｨ M d h dt ｷ3 J m hc 7 M g : ｭ3: (3.), d h dt 6ｦ g h h ｷ3 ; h ｷ3 h 6ｦ h ; ｭ3: , 74 [33] r s g Jm O J ｷ3 ｷ3 h c M h : ｭ3: , ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ 96 ｨ , g F, 993, 39 S F ｷ3 g F t E > : ｭ3: t E ｨｬ , ｨ (3.3), 79798ｨ ﾁ , ｨ S J ｷ3 g J t E ; ｭ3: g J ｨｬ , ｨ ﾁ ｨ , ﾁ [, 3] L ｷ3 X k 7 X k MV k L k J k c 6ｦ X k; a; b 7 X i>k I k ｭa; b6 9 O k ｭa6 9 O k ｭb6 9 7 M ik J i J k c 7 X k c F e k J k : ｭ3: k 4 N ｨｬ , L k ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , q k (q k ｨｬ n k ), M ik ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , q k 9 8 n k, F k e ｭq i; n i 6 9 ｨｬ , Ik ｭa; e b6 9 ｨｬ k , O k ｭa6 9 ｨｬ N N ｨ N 閨 ﾁ 閨 : z, r 9 44a , , (67347) ﾁ7339 (3.4), (3.) z d z M dt ｷ3 7M g 6ｦ J m c H r ｷ3 7M g 6ｦ J m c ｭ 7R6 9H z b : ｭ3:66 9 縺98ｨ 4 849, 39 z ｷ3 z 6ｦ z, z (3.6) , 499 z r J m RH o z ｷ3 cb : ｭ3:76 9 M

11 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 (3.7), 4493 o z 8 c 7, , x ｨ ｨ H z , 489ｨ ｨ x 39894, 74 F ｷ3 7 RJ m c ｭ cos y H z 7 r ｭy 6 9; z dy : ｭ3: y ｨｬ q r ｷ3 x 6ｦ R 6ｦ Rx cos y R 6ｦ x cos y : ﾀ48999 ｨ (3.8) 49 H z, 633 H z H 7 R 6ｦ Rx cos y H ; ｭ3:96 9 9, 84984, F ｷ3 RJ m c xrph ｷ3 JmH pr cb x : , ｨ ｨ : d r M dt ｷ3 J m J f c 7 J m c r 7 r ｭr 7 r 6 9 ; d r M dt ｷ3 J m J f c r 7 x b ｭr 7 x b 6 9 6ｦ J m J f c r 7 x b ｭr 7 x b 6 9 6ｦ J m J f c r 6ｦ x b ｭr 6ｦ x b r 6ｦ x b ｭr 6ｦ x b J m r 7 r c ｭr 7 r 6 9 : ｭ3:6 9 ﾀ (3.8), , M d n dt M d n dt ｷ3 4J m J f a 6ｦ b n 7 J m c n 7 n a 6ｦ b ; ｷ3 4J m J f a 6ｦ b n 7 J m c n 7 n a 6ｦ b : ｭ3: n ｷ3 r 7 ay, n ｷ3 r 6ｦ ay, J m 9 J f 8399ｨ , , , (3.3), d x dt 7 J mh R cm b x ｷ3 : ｭ3:6 9 M d dt ｭn 6ｦ n 6 9 ｷ3 4J m J f a 6ｦ b ｭn 6ｦ n 6 9 : ｭ3:46 9 縺98ｨ x r J m H R g F ｷ3 cm b ｷ3 p oz 7 7 : ｭ3: , 39 ｨ z. 縺3944, , 89 H ｭ6 9 <, z , z ｷ3 7z 679 r ｷ3 R ｨ ﾁ7, ｨ (48 z) ｨ , , ｨ 9 ｨ , ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ 989 ｨ ﾁ , 9 6ｨ ｨ, , ｨ 989, , , ﾁ9897 (3.8). 縺 r 9 r, 977 x b 9 ｭ 7x b 6 9, 縺98ｨ 4 944, ｨ s J m J f g ｷ3 M ｭa 6ｦ b : ｭ3: 縺3944, ﾀ ｨ 閨 閨 , R O ﾀ , 9 6ｨ ｨ J m R O ｷ3 7 L dj m c dt 6ｦ pr V zh r : ｭ3:66 9 c , (3.6) V z dz dt ｷ3 cmgb H pr d dt 7 a dj m J m Jm dt ; a cmgb H pr ; J m < ｭ3:76 9

12 縺 縺8 縺, [ (3.4), 933 H r ｭz; R6 9 ｷ3 7 RH ｭz6 9 z ｷ3 7RH ｷ3 ｷ3 7 RH a b ｷ3 7 cmg : ｭ3:86 9 J m pr J m ｨ ｨ : L dj m c dt 7 c L amg J 3 m b 6ｦ R O J m ｷ3 : ｭ3: , ｨ L ｨ ﾁ ﾁ L eff ｷ3 L 6ｦ c3 ｭMg6 9 b H pr jj m j 3 ｷ3 L 6ｦ Mgjzj8p p LHJ ; R H J p J m cr : ｭ3:36 9 ﾀ39 L ｷ3 pry, 34 y, L eff ｷ3 L 6ｦ Mgjzj ; ｭ3:36 9 W J 34 W J ｷ3 H J 8p 4yR3 ｨｬ 3849 ｨ , (3.9) : 7 R Oc L t ｷ3 ln J m 6ｦ c amg J 3L J 3 m 7 J 3 : ｭ3: ｨ , ｨｬ ｨ ｨ 86449, 6 84 =3 J m ｭt6 9 J ; 6ｦ At A 3R O Mga ; ｭ3: J ｨｬ t ｷ3 ｭc R O =L6 9t, 9, (3.3), J=J t K c amg 3LjJ j 3 : ｭ3: ｨ , ｨ 743, ｨ (3.) ｨ 74 H n ｷ3. 679, ｨ 889ｨ 縺 , ｨ [33, 34] ｨ [33] , "44373" : ) ｨ ｨ , 9.. a ｷ3 R=a 4 ; ) ｨ , 9 ｨ , , ﾀ88 ｨ , ｨ 939 P ｨｬ J c 93 7J, q ｷ3 a x n : ｭ3: a ｨｬ , 489ｨ 4 ｨ ds, ｨ ｨ 93 ｨ r ｭy6 9 ｷ3 r ｭy6 9 6ｦ n ｭy; t6 9, 34 y ｨｬ 67397, 6749ｨ , 89989ｨ ｨ 6749ｨ ｨ ｭn ｷ , 489ｨ ｨ , 3944, 74 df ｷ3 7 J m c n? a 7 x? ds : ｭ3: n? ｨｬ 8899ｨ , (3.36), , 489ｨ 4 8ｨ 39894, F ｷ3 7 J m c ｭ y n? ds a ｭy6 9 7 x : ｭ3:376 9? 8488 n? ｷ3 n 7 s ｭn; s 6 9, s ｷ3 dr =ds ｨｬ , ｨ ﾁ , 489ｨ ｨ 縺 ﾁ737 (3.37) ｨ 74. ﾀ ｨ ﾁ737 (3.36) 849 d n M dt 6ｦ J m n c a 7 x ｷ3 : , ｨ ｨ.

13 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 jnj a, 9 93ｨ s Jm O ｷ3 c M a : ｭ3: , 43 ﾁ73- (3.), ﾀ R m, R z, ｨ 68899, (3.38) x, p z ｷ3, s O ｷ3 J m c a : ｭ3:396 9 M , (4 ﾁ "64") ｨ 74 c a. ｨ ｨ 9 ﾁ97: , " " , 8 473, ｨ ｨ [33] , 39 4 ﾁ , D ｷ3 R 7 R a ; 縺 , , ﾀ77 49 ｨ [36]. 縺 , ﾀｨ [37], [38] ﾀ79 ｨ , ｨ P ｷ , Nb 3 Sn. 縺 , ﾀ , (7849) % 64ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ73, , (6 %) ｨ ｨ 9 (879) , , ｨ (894ｨ ｨ 84) ｨ 47399, 64ｨ [38] ( ｨｬ 4 ), ｨ 9 974ｨ ﾁ87. ﾀ749ｨ ｨ , ( ﾁ ) , ｨ , , H ｷ3 4 7, ｨ , 縺 , ﾀ ｨ 47399, Nb 3Sn ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ73 8 ﾁ73 8 ﾁ73 ;8 73 8;39 73 ; 73 3;97 73 ;6 7 3; 7 ;6 7 4; 7 ;67 7 ;63 7 8;38 7 4;3 7 ;8 ;3 ; , , 84ｨ 9: ,7 3, , ( j SP ｷ3 ; ) J m 6;6 33, , , H? ｷ ﾀ , ｨ 989, H?, ﾀ , ,

14 縺 縺8 縺, [ ﾀ (3 縺3) , ｨ , ｨｬ 縺3944, : , 縺3, 973 ｨｬ , 縺3, , 縺3 b m < R m, 34 R m ｨｬ 縺 ｨｬ 縺 , 39 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , , 6797ｨ , 縺 ｨ () , , , , , 679, ｨ ｨ ﾀｨ ｨ , 93ｨ ｨ 縺3 ﾀ ﾁ 縺3 ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ899 3 縺 , ｨ ｨ ｨ 99 ﾁ [8], , ｨ , , [39] HP i en ｷ3 E 6ｦ c V ih 7 6ｦ R ; 7 HP e en ｷ3 E 6ｦ c V eh 7 7 R ; ｭ4: , , R ｷ3 jk 6ｦ j? 7 ;7 nh k kt e 7 3 n H; HkT e 7 : ｭ4:6 9 s k s? o e t e H x , 88 y (8939), 88 z 48 H, 6393 y (4.) 94 j y s ｷ3 3 n o e t e q qx kt e : ｭ4: , 39 qp e =qy ｷ3, E y ｷ3, V ex ｷ3. ﾀ48999 (4.3) 閨 HP ｷ3 c j; H 7 ; (4.), 633 q qx n ｭT i 6ｦ T e 6 9 ｷ3 3 n qt e qx : , 39 T i ｷ3 T e ｷ3 T, [8] nt =4 ｷ3 y m ｷ3 const : ｭ4:46 9 ｭ4:6 9 ﾀ 縺3 n ｷ , T ｷ3 ｨ, T ｷ3 ｨ n m ｷ 縺 T i 6ｷ3 T e, T e =T i ｷ3 o ｷ3 const, (4.) 6393 nt ｭ 7o=6 9= ｭ6ｦo6 9 ｷ3 const : 64984, ｨ 974 ｭo ｷ3 6 9 P ｷ3 const : ｭ4:66 9 ｭ4: ｨ , T o ｷ ﾀ79 o > n 9 T i , : ) ﾁ73 (4.), (4.6) , 39 ｨ ｨ 縺 "ｨ " ｨ V ex 6ｷ ﾁ737 (4.4 ) (4.6) ; ) n 9 T 縺 ﾁ ｨ q qc PU g ; ｭ4: U ｷ3 6 7 H 7 dl ｨｬ , C (4.8) ｨ , 6393 U / c J m r ｭ4:96 9

15 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 , (4.8), (4.9), g ｷ3 =3 q qr T 3=4 r =3 > : ｭ4: , 9 T 縺3 [4] 縺 ｨ ﾀ ﾁ 縺 [39] D C ｷ3 7 dp ｭC6 9 dc ; ｭ4:a6 9 T i ｷ3 T i ｭC6 9 ; T e ｷ3 T e ｭC6 9 ; ｭ4:b6 9 div K i? HT i ｷ3 Q i ; ｭ4:w6 9 div K e? HT e ｷ3 Q e 7 j y s 6ｦ S ; ｭ4:g6 9 j y s ｷ3 3 H eo e t e H ; HkT e : ｭ4:d6 9 y 8488 K i? ｷ3 nkt i Mo i t ; K e? ｷ3 4;66 nkt i i mo e t ; e t i ｷ3 3 p p M ｭkT i 6 9 3= p 4 Le 4 ; t e ｷ3 3 p p m ｭkT e 6 9 3= p n 4 Le 4 ; ｭ4:6 9 n L ｨｬ ﾁ3, Q i 9 Q e Q i ｷ3 3m nk ｭT e 7 T i 6 9 ; M t e p Q e ｷ3 7Q i 7 an kt e ; a ｷ3 const : ﾀ Q e (4.a) (4.4) , 374, , , ｨ 97439, ｨ ｨ p div ｭK? HT6 9 ｷ3 an T : ｭ4: (4.), div ｭK? HT6 9 ｷ3 ay : ｭ4: ﾀ ｨ 348, 34 n 9 T 99ｨ 989 ﾁ x, H ｷ3 const , 6749ｨ (4.4), A : A ｷ3 8 p p Le c 3a 734 K i? ｷ3 A ay H T : p M : ｭ4:6 9 ｭ4: A sm: ｭ4: ｨ , 7449 (4.4) d dx ln T ｷ3 H A L : ｭ4:86 9 縺98ｨ T T ｷ3 T T x=l x 7 Lx exp : ｭ4:96 9 L , T, ｭx ｷ3 L6 9 ｨｬ T. ﾀ T 9 T T ｭx , 93ｨ x min ｷ3 L 7 L L ln T : T , , ｨｬ ﾀｨ x min L 縺3 L ｷ3 x min, L 9 T =T : ln T ｷ3 L T L : ｨ ｨ 9 ﾁ737 L, 639 T ｷ3 4 ｨ, T ｷ3 ｨ, H ｷ A (4.7). 734 L ｷ3 A H r ln T T 9 sm: ｭ4: , , , Z >, a- 3899, 9 ｨ A, 84399, 9 L 縺 (4.4) ｭC ｷ3 const6 9. B d dc T dt dc 6ｦ r dl H ｷ3 A 6ｦ dl H : ｭ4: ｭ C 6ｦ T ｷ3 T exp 7c r dl 7 dc6ｦ 6ｦ A ｭ C C dc C r dl H H 7 ｭ C dc C 6ｦ dl : ｭ4:6 9 H

16 縺 縺8 縺, [ ﾁ73 (4.) D 3 He [4] , n ｷ , T ｷ3 ｨ, H ｷ3 4 7, T =T ｷ3 4, L ｷ 縺3 L ｷ , x min 9 L ﾁ9, ｨ , 39 [4] , 縺 [4, 4] 縺 縺 ﾁ9739: , ｨ 縺3, , , , , 縺3 L "39893" , , "98899" , Z, , 39 L MOM DT- 79ｨ. ﾀ3ｨ a ｨ 9 ｨ ｨ , ｨ , 縺 (4 ﾁ ). 6 H ｷ a r a (b m 8 83) , H , 9 6 ｨ ｨ 縺 L MOM ｨ 34, 縺 ; "6968" ｨ 縺 "84343" ｨ 989, , ﾁ ｨ ｨ (4.8) ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , "6963" [8]. ﾀ [43 4] 閨99-3, , , n G 9 T G , U G U U g G P U g : P G ｭ4: , P =P G , U G / x 4 G ; U / R 4 m ; ｭ4: x G / R m : ｭ4: x G ｨｬ z ｷ x G 7 84 [44], ｨ , , 縺 , , "6968" [4], ｨ [46], 97ｨ (798. 7). ﾀ73977 ｨ ｨ - 9: ,4 33, ,34 3, 63 ｨ , 3 3, , (74849) ｨ, ｨ 974 ｨ, , b %. ﾀ ｨ [47 49] , , " ", " " (83), : ) , ) , "6968": ｨｬ 9997ｨ 8 (,4 33), ｨｬ "644779ｨ 9" 99 (,3 33), 3 ｨｬ ｨ , 3

17 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 ｨ, 3) ｨ 83 93, , 8 8ｨ , ｨ 79499ｨ ｨ ｨ H, (798. 8) , ｨ , J min ｷ3 ｭ=p6 9H a, 34 a ｨｬ ﾀ b ｷ3 ｭ=36 9a, ｨ j min H a , H ｷ3 7 9 a ｷ ｨ j min ｨ 49 "447" ( ). ﾀｨ ｨ , H 7, a ﾀ , 97ｨ 9 83, ﾁ r s, b z ｨｬ z 74 b 9 a ｷ3 83. ﾀ8344ｨ 4 ﾁ9379ｨ , ﾀ o e t e!, [47] 3 q ｷ3 7nD qt i qn ; D ｷ3 r ih t i : ｭ4: n ｨｬ , t i ｨｬ ｨ 7497ｨ 3 89 l , q ｷ3 kt i n D : ｭ4:76 9 l 69 ｨ (H ｷ3 4 7, T i ｷ3 ｷ3 T e ｷ3 ｨ, l ｷ3 83, n ｷ ) 933 q ; ｨ , (t f ; 8) Q ｷ3 qt f ; 73 67, , , 縺44 ｨ , , H ｭ; 76 9H. ﾀ6 6 93, "99" 83, ｨｬ , [47] 684, t J ; , , 9. 68, z G y 3/ 7, x 7 y , ｨ (83) "967" 縺3944, ｨ ｨ ｨ 3 ﾁ [48]. ﾀ749 /9 /4 / 3/ 4/ /7 / /6 7, x 7 / /9 /4 /7 3/ 4/ / / : (a) ﾁ ; (), () r

18 縺 縺8 縺, [ , , ｨ , , , , z ｭr; y; z (798. 8), ｨｬ H r, H z ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ899, ﾁ C ｨ 3 94: qc qt ｷ3 c 4ps ｭT6 9 D C ; D ｷ3 r q q 6ｦ q qr r qr qz : ｭ4: s ｨｬ (349), T, qt rc p qt ｷ3 j s ｭT6 9 ; ｭ4:9a6 9 j ｷ3 j y ｷ3 7 c 4pr D C : ｭ4:9b (4.9) , ｨ, ｨ 9, ｨ C p ﾁ s 9 C p ｨ ｨ D C ｷ3 : ｭ4: , C qc=qn. 4 " " H r ｷ3, H z ｷ3 H 99 C ｷ3 Hr ; r; z! : ｭ4:36 9 ﾀ79 t ｷ ｨ : H r ｷ3, H z ｷ3 H < (4.3) , ｨ , ｨ 9 74 T ｷ3 K. ﾀ (7373, ｨ , ) [48] ｨ , T. (3..: 閨 , 963) ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ﾁ , : t s abh H b 6ｦ h : ｭ4: a ｨｬ , b 9 h ｨｬ , 83; H ｨｬ , ﾁ ｨ 6898, 8843ｨ 83, ｨ ｨ H [49] , R r 93 3, , L ｷ3 6pr : ｭ4: H ｭ6 9 r y ｷ3 hh 7 r ; H z ｭ6 9 ｷ3 H ｷ3 const ; ｭ4:346 9 r r 34 h ｷ3 H ｭ6 9 y =H j rｷ3r ｨｬ m, z m J a m ｷ3 J c pa : q F m ｷ3 m qz r : ｭ4: r ｨｬ ｭx m ; y m ; z m 縺 ｨ w ｷ3 m H r 3 ｷ3 pj a ch r 3 : ｭ4: , ｨ ｨ L, ﾀ (4.3) F ms ｭx6 9 ｷ3 XN nｷ3 7N F m ｭx; x m ; y m ; z m 6ｦ nl6 9 : ｭ4:376 9 縺49 689, 39 (4.37) N ｷ3. ﾀ

19 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 ｨ dr dz ｷ3 Hr H z ; r dy dz ｷ3 Hy H z ; H ｷ3 H ｭ6 9 6ｦ H m ｭ4: ｭ 73p; 3p6 9 6 z ｨ ｨ z ｷ (4.38) ﾀ ｨ ｨ L ｷ3 6pr 4 3 dy ｷ3 6ph 7 r : r m ｷ3 dy=p m ｭr ｷ3 6 9 ｷ3 3h 4 m ｭr 6 9 ｷ3 3=h. ﾀ79 ｨ ｨ z ｷ e ｨ 6789ｨ , , , m ｷ3 n=m (n ｨｬ , m ｨｬ z, ) ｨ 989. 縺 ｨ ｨ 989. ﾀ79 ｨ z ｷ , m ﾀ h 9 w: ) h ｷ3 ;, w ｷ3 7; (798. 8); ) h ｷ3 =3, w ｷ3 7;; 3) h ｷ3 ;, w ｷ3 7; (798. 8) , ｭx m ｷ3 ;r , (798. 8) 99ｨ m ｷ3 =4, =7, 3=. 縺 m ｷ3 4=. 縺 ｨ ｨ , 9.., ｨ m ｷ3 = 9 =, 9.., , ｨ 6473ｨ , (798. 8) , , , r =a, ｨ , 8349, 7994, ｨ ﾁ ﾁ b ｷ , * r i, , ﾁ ｨ [] ｨ , x > z (798. 9). ﾀ898 4 ｨ A (467937, 94) ｨ V ｷ3 ｭV x ; V y H z >, V y <, x < 9, , 3484ｨ, 33 " ", B ｨ V ｷ3 ｭ 7V x ; V y B ｨ V ｷ3 7V, ｨ 97979ｨ, , o 84ｨ, 33 " " ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ , , 483 "894493", ｨ , , ｨｬ "389939" " ", ｨｬ " " ｨ : MrV y 6ｦ e c C D ｷ3 const ｭ: r 9 z ｨ ﾁ ﾁ U ｷ3 e Mr c C 7 D : ｭ: , ｨ C ｷ , C > , 9-7 D <, , U B A H C 4 r D 4 D 4 C C 4 C D 4 C D 4 r z C D 4 D : (a) ; () ; () 閨9-3. z

20 縺 縺8 縺, [ 縺44, 89 C 9 D 93ｨ , C ｷ3 D 9 ｨ (798. 9). ｨ , 77ｨ 3 683, C. ﾀｨ D 9 8, ﾁ U ｭr; z; D ｨ ( ) 889-9ｨ ｨ 87899, 46744ｨ ﾀ r, (.), ｨ , w ｷ3 H max =H (H max ｨｬ , H ｨｬ ) , 93ｨ ﾁ97, : "64499" 8899ｨ ｨ 99 ﾁ , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ : S ax / prr min : ｭ: R ｨｬ , r min ｨｬ 閨 ｨ 349 ｨｬ S m 9 "" S (798. 9), C 縺 S m ﾀｨ , 977 D ( ), 39 9 C , ﾁ U ｨ , "93" 7873, 87ｨ ﾀｨ 93 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ S co / pr min : ｭ: D <. 縺49 99ｨ ﾀｨ 93 S con / prr i : ｭ: , 閨9ｨ -3, 9 67ｨ DC > (C ｨｬ C ). ﾀ8 ｨ , 977 DC < , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ R=r i 78, 縺 ｨ , 縺 ﾁ9379 [] ﾁ ﾁ ｨ 縺 ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , V q f i; e qx m i; e 7HF 6ｦ c V H q fi; e qv ｷ3 ; ｭ: , t > t mix, 34 t mix ｨｬ ﾁ83 63, , , 39 t mix 4 84 t i; i ｨｬ ｨ MV f i ｷ3 F i 6ｦ ef; MrV y 6ｦ e c C F i ｭE i ; P i 6 9 ; mv f e ｷ3 F e 7 ef; mrv y 7 e c C F e ｭE e ; P e 6 9 : ｭ: F i; e ｭE i; e ; P i; e 6 9, , ﾁ499, , ｭ DF ｷ3 74pe ｭ f i 7 f e 6 9 dv ; ｭ:8a6 9 D C ｷ3 7 4pe ｭ V y ｭ f i 7 f e 6 9 dv ; c ｭ:8b6 9 D r q q qr r qr 6ｦ q qz ; ｨ , ｨ ﾁ9379ｨ. 縺 , ｭ ｭ F i ｭE i ; P i 6 9 dv ｷ3 F e ｭE e ; P e 6 9 dv ｭ: F ｷ3 F ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ:6 9 縺98ｨ 4 849, ｨ ｨ r ｨ , r 9 C. ﾀ48999 (.) (.8), ｨ 閨7ｨ 4 ﾁ74 D C ｷ3 7Q ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ:6 9

21 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 ｨ , 8ｨ , , ｨ H ｷ3 7; H y ｭx6 9; H z ｭx6 9 : ｨ ｨ E i; e ｷ3 mi; ev ef ; P ｭy6 9 i; e ｷ3 m i; ev y e c A y ; P ｭz6 9 i; e ｷ3 m i; ev z e c A z ; ｭ: f ｷ3 F ｭE; P ｭy6 9 ; P ｭz d ｭ F dx ｷ3 74pe ｭ f i 7 f e 6 9 dv ; d A y; z dx ｷ3 7 4pe c ｭ V y; z ｭ f i 7 f e 6 9 dv ｭ: F i; e ｨ 8988 F ｷ3 F ｭA y ; A z 6 9 ｭ: A y 9 A z , , 9 A z ｷ3 9, , ｨ d A y dx ｷ3 Q ｭA y6 9 : ｭ: , ﾁ ｨ ( ), , F ｭx , ﾁ499 F i ｭE i ; P i ( ) A y : d A y dx ｭ ｷ3 74pe V y F i dv 6ｦ E ｭ x F i dv H : ｭ:66 9 縺3944, ﾁ7 7793, 34 E=H ｷ3 const 99 F ｷ3 KA y. ｨ ｨ ﾁｨ ｨ ﾀ49 [, 3] ﾀ , 6-8, , , 379 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ 93, ﾀ49 c , 97 ｨ a [] ｨ [] , ( , ｨ , 47 ﾁ , ) , , 98447, -677, U ｷ3 ｭ dl H ; qu qn < ; ｭ: , ｭ ql L ｷ3 dl ; qn < : ｭ:86 9 ﾀ ｨ H ｷ3 6 7 H dl= 6 7 dl. ﾀ k z r i, 97 ｨｬ k z ｨｬ , r i ｨｬ , (.8) ﾀ , , ( ), ( ) , 9 3 (798. 3). ﾀ ｨ ﾁ4-99 U ｭC6 9 9 L ｭC6 9 99, , ﾁ499 U ｭx6 9 9 L ｭx6 9, 34 x ｨｬ C, , (798., ). 944, 39 84, U, L , ｨ ; ｨ , 87898ｨ c T i T e ｨ. ﾀ ﾀ79 ｨ n e, T e, 6949 F ｨ E ｨ (798. ), , ﾀ8 ｨ (798. 3) ｨ 縺49 689, l c ; 83, 89989ｨ 739 t c 38.

22 縺 縺8 縺, [ y, ,, x, L, x, 83, C, D?, D B? D cl? 4 6ｦ 6ｦ 6 x, 33 q q dl dl ｷ3 qc qc H ｷ3 U, ,7,,, 4,7 4, : (a) ｭC ｷ3 const ; () U ｷ3 6 9 H 7 dl 9 L ｷ3 6 9 dl 9 C; () (x ｷ3 6 33) 閨, ,3 3, z ｷ3 83; (3) : a ｨｬ x ｷ , ｨｬ x ｷ3 ;6 33, ｨｬ x ｷ3 33, 3 ｨｬ x ｷ3 6 33; (4) ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ D? , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ899: D? cl ｷ3 mc k ｭT i 6ｦ T e 6 9 e H ｭ:96 9 t ei 9 38 D B? ｷ3 ckt 6eH : ｭ: ｨ 99 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ9949, 97 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ9949, ﾁ733 D? ｭ6 9 ｷ3 c h E i H t c ; D? ｭ6 9 ｷ3 7 c HjHHj h n Ei : ｭ: , 674 < x < x ｭL min x > x ｭL min ﾁ ﾁ , 4 4, ﾀ ﾀ ﾁ b ｷ , [] , 閨7ｨ 4, 94 [, 3] , ｨｬ , ﾁ74

23 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 [4] 9399, 閨 HP ｷ3 c j H ; j ｷ3 c rot H ; div H ｷ3 ｭ6:6 9 4p ﾁ7384 ｨ ｭvH6 9v ｷ3 7 HP r ; div v ｷ3 ; 6ｨ ﾁ b ｷ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ [, 6]. 6.. ﾀ89 ﾁ ﾁ ｭs ｷ3 6 9, ﾀ ﾁ93799 ｨ z D (D ｨｬ ｨ x; y) ( 3) 93ｨ ｨ j ｭr H ｭr ｨ , 39 q qz ｷ3 ; j ｷ3 7; ; j ｭx; y6 9 ; H ｷ3 7H x ｭx; y6 9; H y ｭx; y6 9; 6 9 : A ｭx; y H x ｷ3 qa=qy, H y ｷ3 7qA=qx, DA ｷ3 7 4p j ｭx; y6 9 ; ｭx; y6 9 6 D ; ｭ6:6 9 c 34 D ｷ3 q =qx 6ｦ q =qy ｨｬ ｨ ｨ H n 9 H , H n ｷ3, qd, 9 6ｨ A ｷ3 const ; ｭx; y6 9 qd : P ｭx; y6 9 P ｷ3 const ｨｬ D, H 8p ｷ3 qa ｷ3 P ; ｭx; y6 9 qd : ｭ6:36 9 8p qn 8488 n ｨｬ 4738 qd. 889 (6.3) 8439, ｨ ﾀ rot H ｷ3 4p=cj D, 443 6ｦ qd 6ｦ H t dt ｷ3 qd qa qn dt ｷ3 4p c J p : ｭ6: J p ｨｬ 647 9, 679ｨ (6.4) ｨ ｨ , , 647 9, 679ｨ , 74 J, A 7 7 ｭJ 6ｦ J p6 9 ln R ; R ｷ3 x 6ｦ y ; R! : ｭ6:6 9 c ﾁ99 [7, 8] , 44, 39 4 ﾁ , , ﾁ ( , ) ﾁ , 3944, j ｭx; y6 9 ｷ3 ｷ3 j d ｭx 7 x 6 9d ｭy 7 y 6 9 (89439) , ﾁ9379, 8493ｨ 9 434ｨ ( x; y), ﾀ7894, , 884ｨ ｨ 4 ﾁ9379ｨ , , , ｨ (49), j ｭx; y6 9 ｷ3 J d ｭx 7 x 6 9d ｭy6 9 6ｦ d ｭx 6ｦ x 6 9d ｭy6 9 : ｭ6: ｭx ; 6 9, ｨ ﾀ ｨ x, 4949 ｨ ｨｬ 9394 J, ｨｬ H ｷ3 ｭ4p=c6 9x J DA ｷ3 7 d ｭx 7 6 9d ｭy6 9 6ｦ d ｭx 6ｦ 6 9d ｭy6 9 ; ｭx; y6 9 6 D ; A ｷ3 const ; ｭx; y6 9 qd ; qa qn ｷ3 h ; ｭx; y6 9 qd ; 6ｦ qa qd qn dt ｷ3 g : ｭ6: (6.7 ) h ｷ3 c p P x p ; g ｷ3 Jp ; ｭ6:86 9 p J J (3 9498, , 39 b ｷ3 h ). 3947, , 689ｨ ｨ ｨ [, 6] ﾀ8898 x; y z ｷ3 x 6ｦ iy D ( ) 4 ﾁ t. ﾀ79 ｨ z ｷ3 (939, ｨ ) t ｷ3 t (Im t ｷ3, t > ) F ｭz6 9 ｷ3 j 6ｦ ia, 34 qj=qx ｷ3 H x, qj=qy ｷ3 H y (6.7) 933 Im F ｷ3 const 4 qd. 縺 ﾁ4-

24 縺 縺8 縺, [ ｨ z ｭz z ｭz6 9 ｷ3 df h dz ｷ3 h ｭH x 7 ih y 6 9 : ｭ6: (6.7) 633 z ｭz6 9 ｷ3 679 z qd ﾁ499 F 9 z ﾁ499 t: F ｭt6 9 ｷ3 F 7 z ｭt6 9 ( ) 9 z ｭt6 9 ｷ3 z 7 z ｭt6 9 ( ｨ 9 ﾁ ﾁ4 ﾁ , ), 34 z ｭt6 9 ｨｬ ﾁ z! t ( ) F ｭt6 9 ｷ3 ln ｭt 7 t 6 9 ｭt 6ｦ t 6 9t 6ｦg pi ｭtt ｭtt 6ｦ 6 9 6ｦ ln t ; t t z ｭt6 9 ｷ3 7i 7 ｭt 7 t 6 9t : ｭ6: , jtj ｷ Im F ｭt6 9 ｷ3 ｷ3 const, z ｭt6 9 ｷ3. 縺 (6.9) 933 z ｭt6 9 ｷ3 ｭ z 7 ｭt6 9 df h dt dt : (6.), (6.), 633 z ｭt6 9 ｷ3 h P ｭt; t ; g6 9 ; 34 P ｭt; t ; g6 9 ｷ3 p t 73 ｭ 6ｦ g6 9t t 7 ｭt t t t t 7 6ｦ 6ｦ ｭ 6ｦ g6 9 t 4 7 ｭ6:6 9 ｭ6:6 9 ln t t 6ｦ : ｭ6:36 9 t t h 9 g, z ｭt6 9 (6.) t ｨ 3998, " " z ｭt 6 9 ｷ3, d ｭt ; g6 9 P ｭt ; t ; g6 9 ｷ3 h : ｭ6:46 9 ﾀ , , t ｷ3 t ｭh; g6 9. 縺97749 (6.) ( ) 9, , ﾁ73 ﾁ w ｭy6 9 z 7 exp ｭiy6 9 ; 4 y 4 p : ｭ6: g ｷ3 ( ｨ ). 閨7 ﾁ9 ﾁ499 d ｭt 6 9 d ｭt ; 縺 ｨ 9 ﾁ499: d ｭt ｭt ln ｭt ; t ; p d ｭt 6 9 ; t! : pt d ｭt t ｷ3 ｷ3 t max ; 9 74 d ｭt max 6 9 ｷ3 h max ; ｨ 9 747: ) 679 h > h max ; ) 679 =p ｷ3 h < h < h max 889ｨ ; 3) 679 h < h max ﾁ , 34 t , 4,. d,,,8,6,4,, y 7,,,, 3, t ｷ3 ;; h ｷ3 ;7 7 7 x y y 7 t ｷ3 ;4; h ｷ3 ; 7 7 x t ｷ3 ; h ｷ3 ; x 98.. 閨7 ﾁ9 ﾁ499 d ｭt 6 9 (). ﾀ79377 ﾁ t ｭh6 9 ( 3). 99, 679 h > h max ; ﾁ ﾀ79 h ｷ3 h max ﾁ (489397) (89397) ﾀ79 h < h < h max ﾁ , h ﾁ x, y 3484ｨ 989. ﾀ h ﾁ h ｷ3 h max, h 7837 ﾁ x ( h! h ), y ( h! h ). ﾀ79 h! h ﾁ , t 3

25 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 ﾁ (6.6) 99989, , 83 ｨ 34974, 8 473, , , 6 889, 889 ﾁ ｨ ｨ (97969), (799) , , , ｨ , : ) t max 79; ) h, h max 8789ｨ 9; 3) h max 7 h , , h max, y h, , h, ﾁ ｨ, , 679ｨ , ｨ ｭg 6ｷ t, g [6]. 縺 ｨ 93 84ｨ , ｭg > 6 9, , h h min < h < h max, 34 h min, h max 99ｨ 989 ﾁ49939 g ｨ ｭg < 6 9, g, g min 7; ﾁ h ( ) ﾁ h 9 g , h g ﾁ , x; z , , , ｨ 94978, , 349ｨ ( , ｨ ) , ( ﾁ7399) , , 49 ｨ ﾀ j ｷ z ｷ3 z ｭjz j ｷ z ｷ3 z 4 ｷ3 7z, 99 8 j ｷ3 7 ｨｬ 93 z ｷ3 z ｷ3 z 9 z ｷ3 z 3 ｷ3 7z ( ) t ｨｬ ｨ t, t ｷ3 t, t 3 ｷ3 7t, t 4 ｷ3 7t ﾁ499 t ｨ : F ｭt6 9 ｷ3 ln ｭt 7 t 6 9 ｭt 6ｦ t 6 9 ｭt t ｭt t 6ｦ 6 9 pi ｭt 7 t 6 9 ｭt 6ｦ t 6 9 ｭt t ｭt t 6ｦ 6 9 6ｦ ln t : t ｭ6:66 9 y 7 y 7 y 7 t ｷ3 ;; h ｷ3 ;7; g ｷ3 7; 7 x t ｷ3 ;; h ｷ3 ;9; g ｷ3 ; 7 x t ｷ3 ;; h ｷ3 ;; g ｷ3 ; 7 x ﾀ89749 ﾁ499 z ｭt6 9 ( ｨ ) 49 ｭt z ｭt6 9 ｷ3 t ｭt t ｭt 7 t 6 9 ｭt : ｭ6: t 6 9t 3 ﾀ (6.), 34 P ｭt; t 6 9 ｷ3 jt j 4 7 ｭt 7 t 6 9 pi ｭt 7 t 6 9 jt j 8 t 6ｦ t 4 7 t t 4 t t 7 6ｦ 6ｦ t 4 7 t t 4 t t 7 6ｦ 3t t ln t t 6ｦ t t 7 6ｦ 4 3t 7 7 6ｦ ln t t 6ｦ 4t t t 7 6ｦ 6ｦ jt j 4 t 4 7 t 7 t t 7 ln t t 6ｦ t t 7 7 x 4 t 7 7 ln t t 6ｦ t 7 t t 7 : ｭ6:86 9 縺 , 34 x ｷ3 y (6.8) ｨ , 89 h > h max ;3. 69 h 4 h max 閨7497 ﾁ9377 ( ) ﾁ h y 7 y 7 t ｷ3 ;; h ｷ3 ;; g ｷ3 7; 7 x t ｷ3 ;; h ｷ3 ;9; g ｷ3 ; 98.. ﾀ79377 ﾁ ｭg 6ｷ3 6 9.

26 縺 縺8 縺, [ ｨ 9, h ｷ3 h max ﾁ x 9 y ( x ｷ3 y ｷ3 = = ;7) , , , , 39 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ( ) ﾁ ｨ g ｷ3 [9] ﾀ898 B m ｨｬ , x ｷ3 x, y ｷ3 ( ) (6.9) (6.3) 6393 B m ｷ3 ｭ; B y 6 9, 34 B y ｷ3 phj cx t ｭt : ｭ6:96 9 縺98ｨ 4 944, f, 489ｨ L, ｨ : f ｷ3 ｭ f x ; 6 9 ; f x ｷ3 7 J L c B y ｷ3 7 pj Lh c x t 3 ｭt : ｭ6:6 9 ﾀ ｨ f ｷ3 ｭ fx ; 6 9 ; f x ｷ3 7 J L c : ｭ6:6 9 x 3498 (6.), (6.) ｨ , 33 3, ﾁ (37497 ﾁ ) , h. 縺 t! 6ｦ, ﾁ937-99, 93 ｨ 7497ｨ 縺 ﾁ ﾁ ﾀ 閨 (6.) (83., , [6]) ｨ 閨7ｨ 4 ﾁ74 ( 閨) 4 ﾁ49ｨ C ｭr; y; z C ｷ3 ｭ r H z pr dr ; H r ｷ3 7 qc pr qz ; H z ｷ3 qc pr qr : ｭ7: , ｨ ｨ ｭ j r ｷ3 j z ｷ3, j y 6ｷ3 6 9, 9, 84984, ｭH y ｷ j ex ｭr; z 閨 ｨ : 7 D C ｷ3 8p r c j ex ｭr; z6 9 6ｦ 6p 3 r dp dc ; D C ｷ3 r q qc qr r qr 6ｦ q C qz ; ｭ7: P ｭC6 9 ｨｬ ﾁ499, 6749ｨ ﾀ (7.) (49, 4768) ｨ ｨ (67974), ｨｬ ( ). ﾀ746793, R max Z max. ﾀ ｨ , R c ｨｬ , j ｨｬ , P ｨｬ , 4949 C ｨｬ pR 3 c j =c. ｨ (7.) ｨ : 7r q qc qr r qr 7 q C qz ｷ3 r j ex ｭr; z6 9 6ｦ br dp dc ; ｭ7: b ｷ3 c P 4pR c j : ｭ7: (7.3) < z < Z max ﾁ : ) (798. 3), ) (798. 3), 3) 閨9ｨ -3 (798. 3) , (7.3) , ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ D. ﾀ ｨ , 9.. ﾁ (83., , [6]). 949ｨ j ex ｭr; z6 9, 6749ｨ ｨ , ｨ 3 94: j ex ｭr; z6 9 ｷ3 exp 7 ｭr 7 r c6 9 6ｦ ｭz 7 z c 6 9 6ｦ r 6ｦ j b exp 7 ｭr 7 r b6 9 6ｦ z r :

27 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 , r,,, r r,,,,,,,,,,, z,, r,,,, z,, r,,,, z,, r,,,,,,,,,, z,, r,,,, z,, r,,,, z,, r,,,,,,,,,, z,,,, z,,,, z, ｭr; z , (), (), 閨99-3 (). ｨ 9 ﾁ ｭr c ; z c 6 9, ｭr b ; ｨ "93347" 9, r " " ｨ 99 9 ( ﾁ937-9 j b ｷ3 ) : C ｷ 閨 : Z max ｷ3 R max ｷ3, z c ｷ3 r c ｷ3, r ｷ3 ; P ｭC , ﾀｨ ｨ 9 94 ｨ 9 ﾁ499: P ｭC6 9 ｷ3 exp 7 C : ｭ7:6 9 a , P ｷ3 679 C ｷ C. ﾀ7397 a C ( ) b ｷ3 (349 4 ﾁ93-799), b ｷ3 ;3 9 a ｷ3 ; P ｭC , , P ｷ3 4 P, ｨ ﾁ499 P ｭC ﾁ93799 ｭb ｷ3 6 9 ( ｨｬ qc=qz ｷ3 679 z ｷ3, < r < R max, C ｷ ) , 89989ｨ ｨ C ｷ3 C s ;. ﾀｨ P ｭC6 9 94, (7.): P ｭC6 9 ｷ3 exp 7 ｭC 7 C s6 9 : ｭ7:66 9 a b ｷ3 ; 9 a ｷ3 ; (343) 899, 97 C C s. 649 P ｨ 9 899, , (934, ｨ r; z), ﾁ73

28 縺 縺8 縺, [ ﾁ ( ) , 674, C ｷ3 C s , , , 44, ﾁ93799 ( 閨99-3) ﾀ H z C 49 84ｨ 9: ｨｬ qc=qz ｷ3, ｨｬ C ｷ3, 679 ｨｬ C ｷ3 pr H z, 7499 ｨｬ C ｷ3 pr max H z (7.3) 8 b ｷ3, j b H z 9, , 49ｨ ｨ r ｷ3 z ｷ3. ﾀ73977 j b ｷ3 7; 9 H z ｷ3 ;6 4ｨ 9 474ｨ ｨ ﾀ : Z max ｷ3 R max ｷ3, z c ｷ3 ;, r c ｷ3, r b ｷ3 ;7, r ｷ3 ;. 7678, 79 P ｭC (7.) ( , 34 C ｷ3 ), 9393 b b ｷ3 ;3, a ｷ3 ;. ﾀ ｨ (398947) ﾁ ｨ 9, ｨ, , ﾁ93799 閨 ｨ , ｨ , , , ｨ , ｨ 9747 ｨｬ ﾀ ﾁ7 839 [6]. ﾀ ﾁ [] [4]. ﾀ673, 849 [63] ( ), ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ : v q f i E 6ｦ q c v; H 7 fi qx 6ｦ e M v q f e qx 7 e m rot H ｷ3 4pe c E 6ｦ c v; H 7 q fe ｭ v ｭ f i 7 f e 6 9 dv ; div H ｷ3 ; E ｷ3 7HF ; ｭ DF ｷ3 74pe ｭ f i 7 f e 6 9 dv : qv ｷ3 ; qv ｷ3 ; ｭ7:76 9 ｭ7:86 9 ｭ7: , , ｭr; y; z , , ｨ : H ｷ3 ｭH r ; ; H z 6 9 ; j ｷ3 ｭ; j; 6 9 : ﾁ ｨ 3 94: D C ｷ3 7 4pr c j ; D C ｷ3 r q qr qc r qr 6ｦ q C qz : ｭ7:6 9 (7.) j ｷ3 j ex 6ｦ j pl, 34 j ex ｷ3 j ex ｭr; z6 9 ｨｬ , j pl ｨｬ , , (7.) , , 閨 , ｨ 閨7ｨ 4 ﾁ74 8 j pl ｷ3 8p r qp=qc ( ), 34 P ｭC6 9 ( ) ｨｬ ﾁ499. ﾀ ｨ ｨ 933 ｭ j pl ｷ3 e V # ｭ f i 7 f e 6 9 dv : ｭ7: (7.7), (7.9), (7.). 6999ｨ : ｭ ｭ f i dv ｷ3 f e dv : ｭ7:6 9 ﾀ 889, (7.) F 389 (7.9) ｨ ｨ (7.7), (7.), (7.). 縺 (7.7) 99ｨ ﾁ ｨ ｨ F C 69. ﾀ47 47 ｨ ( ) E i ｷ3 MV 6ｦ ef ; P i ｷ3 MrV # 6ｦ e c C ; E e ｷ3 mv 7 ef ; P e ｷ3 mrv # 7 e c C : ｭ7:36 9 ｨｬ ｨ ｨ 974. ﾀ898 ﾁ499 f i ｷ3 f i ｭE i ; P i f e ｷ3 f e ｭE e ; P e (7.) F ﾁ49ｨ r 9 C: F ｷ3 F ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ7: (7.) j pl ﾁ49ｨ r 9 C: j pl ｷ3 j pl ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ7:6 9

29 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 , ｨ ｨ D C ｷ3 7 4p c r j ex ｭr; z6 9 6ｦ j pl ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ7: ｨ 348, ﾁ f i ｷ3 f i ｭE i ; P i 6 9, ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ HP e 6ｦ en E 6ｦ c V e; H 7 ｷ3 : ｭ7:76 9 ﾀ746793, 39 P e ｷ3 P e ｭn ﾁ499 W ｭn6 9 ｷ3 ｷ3 6 7 dp e =n ｨｬ ｨ 49869ｨ ｨ F T ｷ3 F 7 ｭ=e6 9W ｨｬ (7.7) 849, 39 F T ｷ3 F T ｭC ｨ 974 V e ｷ3 cr df T dc V e ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ7:86 9 ﾀ ﾁ499 F T ｭC6 9 9 f i ｭE i ; P i j pl ｨ ｭ n ｷ3 f i ｭE i ; P i 6 9 dv n ｭr; F; C6 9 ; F ｷ3 F T ｭC6 9 6ｦ e W ｭn6 9 : ｨ F 9 n 777ｨ 989 ﾁ499 r 9 C: n ｷ3 n ｭr; C6 9 ; F ｷ3 F ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ7: ｨ ｭ j i ｷ3 e V y f i ｭE i ; P i 6 9 dv j i ｭr; C6 9 ｭ7:6 9 9, 44, j pl ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 j i ｭr; C6 9 7 en ｭr; C6 9V e ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ7: ｨ (7.6). 縺 C ｭr; z6 9, 443 n, F, P e ﾁ499 r; z. ﾀ , 閨7ｨ 4 ﾁ7-4, ﾁ49ｨ P ｭC6 9 ( ), ｨ ﾁ499 ｨｬ f i ｭE i ; P i f e ｭE e ; P e f i ｭE i ; P i F T ｭC 縺8449 ﾁ (7.6) , 39 a priori ｨ 99 ﾁ , , "679897", ｨ 4 ﾁ9379ｨ ﾁ9379, , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ﾁ (7.6) , ﾁ93799 "7-3" b 閨 [64] ( ) 4 ﾁ937-9ｨ , J ( r c, z c ) ﾁ 閨7ｨ 4 ﾁ ｨ (7.6), ﾁ49939 f i ｭE i ; P i 6 9 ｷ3 f ｭE; P6 9, F T ｭC6 9 9 P e ｭn6 9. ﾀ ( ), 39 ｨ , 9.. P e ｭn6 9 ｷ3 T e n, T e ｷ3 const W ｭn6 9 ｷ3 T e ln n. ｨ ﾁ499 n ｭr; C6 9 9 F ｭr; C6 9 (7.9) 6749ｨ ｨ ｨ 3 94: f ｭE; P6 9 / exp 7 ETi 7 ｭP 7 P 6 9 ; ｭ7:6 9 D 34 T i ｷ3 const, D ｷ3 const, P ｷ3 const 99ｨ , , Z max R max z ｷ (7.6) z 4 Z max, 4 r 4 R max C 84ｨ 9: C ｷ3 679 r ｷ3, r ｷ3 R max, z ｷ3 Z max ; qc=qz ｷ3 679 z ｷ3. 縺 ﾀ7933 F ｭ; 6 9 ｷ3. T F T ｭC C ｭ; 6 9 ｷ3 849 n ｭ; 6 9 ｷ3 exp 7eF T ｭ6 9=T e (7.7) 9 (7.7) f 9 n , n ｭ; 6 9 ｷ3, 9 6ｨ 93 F T ｭ6 9 ｷ " " r c ｨｬ , T i =e ｨｬ , J =pr c ｨｬ , C ｷ3 4pJ r c =c ｨｬ C, H ｷ3 C =r c ｨｬ n ｭr; C6 9 9 F ｭr; C ｨ ( n ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 b ｭr6 9 7= ｭ6ｦa6 97 exp 6ｦ n ｭC 7 j 6 9 ) ; b ｭr6 9 F ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 6ｦ a 7 an ｭC 7 j 6 9 b ｭr ｦ a F T ｭC6 9 7 n j 6ｦ F T ｭC6 9 7 a ln b ｭr6 9 6ｦ an j 7 ｭ7:36 9 ; ｭ7: b ｭr6 9 ｷ3 6ｦ m r, a, b, n, m, j 84ｨ ｨ , : a ｷ3 Te ; b ｷ3 8pT T i H ; n ｷ3 ec cd ; p MT m ｷ3 D r c ; j ｷ3 cp : ｭ7:6 9 ec 6378 ｨ , r i ｷ3 m=n.

30 縺 縺8 縺, [ , r,, r,,,,,,,, z,,,, z,, r,,, 3 4 r r,,,,,,,,,,, z,,,, z,,,, z, ｭr; z (), () : () (ｨ ), (3) ( ), (4) , m! n ｭr; C6 9, F ｭr; C r (7.3) 9 (7.4), j pl : n j pl ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 7br b ｭr6 9 ｭC 7 j 6 9 6ｦ df T n ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ7:66 9 dc ﾁ , 9344 ﾁ49ｨ F T ｭC6 9 ｨｬ ﾀ ｨ ｨ ﾁ73: F T ｭC6 9 ｷ3 q ｭC 7 q 6 9C ; ｭ7: q ｷ3 const 9 q ｷ3 const ｨｬ ｨ 縺 , (7.) 9 (7.7) , , ｨ , ﾁ 縺 : 889ｨ ｨ , , 閨 ﾁ ? , ｨ R max ｷ3, Z max ｷ3, r c ｷ3, z c ｷ3 ; C ｷ3, C ｷ3 C s ; j pl ｭr; C6 9 9 n ｭr; C6 9 9 C ｨ C ｭr; z6 9, (7.6) , 34 4 ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , ｨ ﾁ 閨7 379, ｨ ｨ 974, 973 ｨｬ ﾀ898 j ｷ ﾁ499 n ｭr; C ﾁ499 F T ｭC6 9, C C s C ｷ3 C s, 474, 397 F T ｭC C C s ｨ ﾀ793 q ｷ3 C s. T34 F T ｭC s 6 9 ｷ3 7q C s. 789 q ｨｬ , ﾀ898 a ｷ3, b ｷ3 ;, n ｷ3 ;, m ｷ3 ;, q ｷ ｨ (798. 4) , , ( ﾁ499 n ｭr; z6 9 n ｭr; C ｭr; z ﾀ , 6793ｨ ｨ , , 77ｨ , 閨 ( ).

31 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 ｨ. ﾀ898 j 6ｷ3, ｨ 9747 ( ) : F T ｭC ﾁ73 (7.3), (7.6) ｨ C C s, j C s n. ﾀ793 a ｷ3, b ｷ3 ;, n ｷ3, m ｷ3 ;, j ｷ3 C s ｷ3 ; ｨ , ﾀ ｨ, 9, 84984, (ｨ 97443) r i ｷ3 m=n ｷ (9443) r i ｷ3 ; , ｨ 4 ﾁ9379ｨ "834443" 839, 34 ｨ ｨｬ ( ) F ｭr; z , 6793ｨ ｭz c ｷ3 ;6 9, , 973 ｨｬ , , 8443, ｨ ﾁ9379, , , ｨ (7.) 933 n i ｭr; F; C6 9 ｷ3 n e ｭr; F; C6 9 : 縺98ｨ ﾁ49ｨ r; C ｨｬ F ｭr; C6 9. ﾀ ｨ , ﾁ49ｨ r; C: ｭ j e; i ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 e V y f e; i ｭE e; i ; P e; i 6 9 dv ; Fｷ3F ｭr;C6 9 j pl ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 j e ｭr; C6 9 6ｦ j i ｭr; C6 9 : ｭ7: ﾁ , (7.3), (7.), T i; e ｷ3 const, D i; e ｷ3 const, P i; e ｷ3 const: f e; i ｭE e; i ; P e; i 6 9 / exp 7 E e; i 7 ｭP e; i 7 P e; i 6 9 T e; i D : ｭ7:96 9 e; i ﾀ ｨ 99 ﾁ ｨ 9 84ｨ ﾁ49 ( , ): F ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 6ｦ a n i j i 7 n e j e 6ｦ ln b e ｭr6 9 b i ｭr6 9 6ｦ 6ｦ n ｭC 6ｦ j e 6 9 e 7 n i b e ｭr6 9 ｭC 7 j i 6 9 b i ｭr6 9 ; n ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 b i ｭr6 9 7= ｭ6ｦa6 97 b e ｭr6 9 7a= ｭ6ｦa6 97 ( an e exp j e 6ｦ a 7 ｭC 6ｦ j e6 9 6ｦ b e ｭr6 9 6ｦ n i j i 7 ｭC 7 j i6 9 ) ; 6ｦ a b i ｭr6 9 j e ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 7b e n r e b e ｭr6 9 ｭC 6ｦ j e6 9 n ｭr; C6 9 ; j i ｭr; C6 9 ｷ3 7b i n i r b i ｭr6 9 ｭC 7 j i6 9 n ｭr; C6 9 ; ｭ7: ﾁ93797ｨ 9 84ｨ ( (7.)): b e; i ｷ3 8pT e; i H ; n e; i ｷ3 ec p m e; i T e; i ; m cd e; i ｷ3 r c ; e; i D e; i j e; i ｷ3 cp e; i ec ; a ｷ3 be b i ; ｭ7:36 9 b e; i ｭr6 9 ｷ3 6ｦ m e; i r , ﾁ93-799, ﾀ898 b e; i ｷ3 ; ; n e ｷ3 ; ; n i ｷ3 ; m e ｷ3 ; ; m i ｷ3 ; ; j e ｷ3 ; j i ｷ3 C s ;9 : ｭ7: , ｨ 3 ｨ , ｨ , , , ﾁ9379ｨ "73" 閨99- ﾀ ﾀ , " " 99 ( ｭr; z ｨ ), 99ｨ ﾁ93799, ﾁ 縺 閨9- ﾀ ｨ , , c84ｨ , "97" 8, ｨ 9 " " , ﾁ9379ｨ 497-"698", 閨99- ﾀ : ) ｨ b ｷ3 ; ) 683 ﾀ , , ｨ

32 縺 縺8 縺, [ ﾁ ; 3) ﾁ , ｨ ｨ 4 ﾁ937-9ｨ ; 4) ｨ , , 87ｨ ｨ ; ) ﾀ ｨ , , , ｨ ｨ ﾀ ｨ 9: ) , , , 474, 697ｨ ｨ 9 "83899"; ) 98894, ﾁ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ9, 934 ﾀ , , ﾀ ｨ 9 837, ﾁ ｨ , ｨ ｨ [6 67] ｨ ﾁ ｨ , (D ｷ3 83) H ｷ3 h ｭy; x; 6 9 ; jhj ｷ3 hjrj : ｭ8:6 9 閨 h ｷ3 ;4 3 閨8 c ｨ ｨ , ( ), ｨ ; n e , , ｨ 97439, ; ｨ , , ﾀ T= ｷ3 4;4 38, I z ｷ ﾀ T m = ｷ ｨ [66], ｨ , , , ｨ , 7849ｨ : Dx ｷ , 994 Dy ｷ ﾀ ﾁ9379: (a) c ｨｬ : ｨｬ ; ｨｬ ｨ 9747; 3, 4 ｨｬ : ｨｬ ﾁ93799; 6 ｨｬ ﾁ , 86-4ｨ ｨ ; () c ｨｬ ﾀ-: ｨｬ ; ｨｬ ｨ 9747; 3 ｨｬ ; 4 ｨｬ : ｨｬ 4 ﾁ93799, , 6 ｨｬ 4 ﾁ93799, ｨ ｷ3 ;6 7 83, ｨ j z ｷ , ｨ (679 x, y Dy ｷ3 ;6 7 83) 8899, 679, H x ｷ3 76 閨 , Dx, , H x ｨ r I z Dx ; ｭ8:6 9 ch r I z h H x 4 hdx : ｭ8:36 9 c , ﾁ ﾁ b, 34 b ｷ3 8pn e ｭT e 6ｦ T i = Z i 6 9 Hx : ｭ8: n e ｷ3 6 c3 73, T e 6ｦ T i = Z i ｨ. ﾀ79 ｨ 93 8 T i > T e (T i ｷ3 3 7 ｨ, T e ｷ3 ｨ ) , ｨ 974, , , , , ｨ , ｨ , ｨ ｭ , ﾁ7397ｨ ,

33 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 C M () () (3) dp dc C C dp dc C C ｷ3 C 4 P ｭC6 9 C C M P ｭC6 9 C M C C,6 Z,4, 4 3, Q, 7, () 7,4 7,, C Z x M 7, 7,4 7,, () x (3) C Z,6,4, 6 4 Z,4,8,,6, x M 7,7 7,3 7,9 7, 7, Q 7 7,7 7,3 7,9 7, 7, () C C () (3) x ﾁ9379: (a) () ｨｬ ﾁ9379 a-996; () ｨｬ ﾁ499 P ｭC j z ; (3) ｨｬ ﾁ499 P ｭC ｨ ; () () ｨｬ ﾁ93799 ﾀ l ｷ3, m ｷ3 4; () ｨｬ U ｭC6 9 (799 ) (799 ) ﾁ ; (3) ｨｬ Q ｭC l 9 m; () () ｨｬ ﾁ93799 ﾀ (l ｷ3 7;, m ｷ3 4), () ｨｬ U ｭC6 9 (799 ) (799 ) ﾁ ; (3) ｨｬ Q ｭC l 9 m b ｷ3. ﾀ77 ｨ ﾁ93-79 ﾀ ﾀ- (798. ), , ﾀ 縺 ﾁ ﾀ ( ), ﾀ-, ﾁ93799 (798. ) J p ｨ , "a-77933", 89 ｨ ｨｬ "b-77933" a-7793, ﾀ ﾀ ﾀ ﾀ98 8 d 閨 閨 [68]. 縺44 ｨ ｨｬ ﾁ499 P ｭC6 9. 縺3944, 94 ｨ 99 ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ 縺 閨 ﾁ499 P ｭC , 9. 68, ｨ 94 ﾁ739ｨ ｨ ﾁ9379. 縺44, , , ｭx; y ｨ P ｭC (798. 6): ) ｨ ｭx ｷ3 y ｷ C ｭ; 6 9 ｷ3 ; ) x 6ｦ y > R, 34 R a (8488 a ｨｬ ﾁ93799); 3) P , ｭx 7 a6 9 6ｦ y < R m ; 4) ﾀ z , , C ｷ3, C >, 4 C < , ｨ j z ｷ3 c dp ｭC6 9=dC 縺 ｨ C ｷ3 7 ｭJ=c6 9 ln ｭr=b6 9.

34 縺 縺8 縺, [ ｨ 989: 864 P 9 j z 679 C!, C ｷ3 9, 73 93, ｭC > 閨 , P ｭC , 9 6ｨ P ｭC , ｨ , P ｭC [68]: 8 ; C < C < ; >< P ｭC6 9 ｷ3 P 7 C ; C < C < C ; ｭ8:6 9 C >: ; C > C : ﾀｨ , : "698" ｭC < C < C 6 9, "698" ｭC < C 6 9, ｭC > C ｨ 9 ｨ 閨 : "698" DC ｷ3 74pP ｭC p c J m d ｭx 6ｦ a6 9 6ｦ d ｭx 7 a6 9 d ｭy6 9 ｷ3 ｷ3 7 4p c j 7 4p c J m d ｭx 6ｦ a6 9 6ｦ d ｭx 7 a6 9 d ｭy6 9 ; ｭ8:6a j ｷ3 P c=jc j ｷ3 const, x ｷ3 a 9 y ｷ3 ｨｬ ; "698" DC ｷ3 ; ｭ8:6b DC ｭ6 9 ｷ3 7 4p c J md ｭx a6 9d ｭy6 9 : ｭ8:6w ｨ , [68], ﾁ399 "698". 縺 (8.6) C ｷ3 7 J n m ln ｭx 6ｦ a6 9 6ｦ y 6ｦ ln ｭx 7 a6 9 6ｦ y o 7 c 7 p c j y 6ｦ C L ; ｭ8: C L ｨｬ ｭDC L ｷ [68], ｨ C L ｷ3 q ｭx 7 y 6 9 : ｭ8:7a , e, , ｨ [4] 閨 x ｷ3 x a ; Z ｷ3 y a ; (8.7) 94 n C ｷ3 7 mz 6ｦ l ｭx 7 Z 6 96ｦ C ｭx; Z6 9 ｷ3 c J Z C ; l ｷ3 cq J m ; 6ｦ ln ｭ ｭx 6ｦ 6 9 6ｦ Z 6 9 ｭ ｭx ｦ Z 6 9 o : ｭ8: m ｷ3 p j a =J m. ﾀ mjc j ｷ3 pa c P =Jm b, ｨ ﾁ ﾁ9943 6ｨ H eff ｷ3 J m =ca ｨ (8.8) 49 C 37 ﾁ "698" m 9 l [68] 498 ( (8.7)), ｨ , , e, 34 qc =qx ｷ3 qc =qz ｷ (8.8), Z ｭm 7 l6 9Z 6ｦ ｭ x ｦ Z 6ｦ Z ｭ x 6ｦ 6 9 6ｦ Z ｷ3 ; l x 7 x 6ｦ ｭ x ｦ Z 6ｦ x 6ｦ ｭ x 6ｦ 6 9 6ｦ Z ｷ3 ; ｭ8: ｨ x; Z m; l (8.9) m 9 l x; Z ｨ D ｷ3 xz, 9 6ｨ : 6 9 x ｷ3 Z ｷ3 ; D ｷ3 ; 6 9 x x 6ｷ3 ; Z ｷ3 ; D ｷ3 ; 36 9 x ｷ3 ; Z Z 3 6ｷ3 ; D ｷ3 ; 46 9 x x 4 6ｷ3 ; Z Z 4 6ｷ3 ; D 6ｷ3 : ｭ8: ) , m, l , 93 x ｷ3 Z ｷ ｨ ｭm; l ), x, 98 (8.9) 633 x ｷ3 l 7 ; Z ｷ3 : ｭ8:6 9 l x 84-39, Z ｷ ｨ ｭm; l6 9, 8 98ｨ < l <. ﾀ l 93ｨ x =, x 縺899 l > ｨ j x j <, 縺899 7 l < 93ｨ j x j >, (84779) ), Z, 633 Z 3 ｷ3 m 7 l 6ｦ ; x ｷ3 ; ｭ8:6 9 l 7 m x ｷ m < l < m 6ｦ ｭm; l

35 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 m, l , ( ) , 44, 83 4) (8.9) x 4, Z Z 4 ｷ3 l 7 m 7 l ｭl 7 m6 9 ; x 4 6ｦ Z 4 ｷ3 7m l 7 m : ｭ8: x 4, Z 4 ｨ ｭm; l6 9. 8ｨ 3748, ｨ m, l ( ), x 9 Z (8.3) m, l ( x 4, Z 4 ) F ｭm; l6 9 4 ; F ｭm; l6 9 ; F ｭm; l6 9 l 7 l 6ｦ m ; F ｭm; l6 9 l 7 ｭm 7 l6 9 ｭm 6ｦ 6 9 : ｭ8: , m; l x, Z, (8.) (8.3) ｨ , (8.9) q C qx q C qz < q C ; qx qz ｭ8: , 89989ｨ (8.) , ｭx; Z6 9 (ｨ ) [68] m, l, ｨ , 899 ｨ , ｨ 縺 , < l < m 9 m < l < , ｨ , ( ) p 99, Z=x ｷ l= ｭl ﾁ ﾀ ﾁ (8.8) x!, Z!, 933 C ｭl 7 6 9x 6ｦ ｭm 7 l 6ｦ 6 9Z 7 ｭx 4 6ｦ Z ｦ 6x Z 6ｦ... ｭ8: C ｷ3. ﾀ (8.), fl > ; l > m 6ｦ g 99 fl < ; l < m 6ｦ g, ｭx; Z ｨ ｨ ｨ 989 3* s l Z x : ｭ8:76 9 m 6ｦ 7 l fl 4, l 4 m 6ｦ g fl ｷ3 ; m g 9 fl ｷ3 m 6ｦ ; m 4 g ｨｬ Z x 4 =m. ﾀ79 ｨ m : , ﾀ , a ｨ l, ｨ 89 x ﾁ l < m, m ｷ m b l ｷ3 m 6ｦ m <, b ｨ x Z 4 = ｭ 7m6 9: 縺49 "698" (8.8) ｭx; Z "77849" ﾁ ｨ : - 677, ｨ , 9.. C pl ｭx; Z6 9 C vac ｭx; Z6 9 ; ｭ8:86 9 G 7ｷ3 G6ｦ 9, -977, ｭHCpl 6 9 6ｦ P ｭHC vac6 9 : 8p 8p G 7ｷ3 G6ｦ ｭ8: C ｷ3 C 9 C ｷ3 C M (798. 6) ｨ 989 ﾁ499 C , , ｨ n ｨｬ G: C C 6ｦn qc G qn 6ｦ n G q C qn 6ｦ... ｭ8:6 9 ﾀ ｨ , ｨ (8.) 9874 [68] ｨ 3 698, , ﾁ7397ｨ ｨ 4 ﾁ9379ｨ , 39 d "783898", 779 "493". ﾀ , "49"

36 縺 縺8 縺, [ 閨 DC ｷ3 74p dp k dc ; ｭ8: p k ｭC6 9 ｨｬ "49". ﾀ ｨ C ｷ3 C ｭs6 9 6ｦ nc ｭs6 9 6ｦ n C ｭs6 9 6ｦ , 39 C ｭs6 9 ｨｬ G M, C ｭs6 9 ｷ3 H ｭs6 9 ｨｬ G M, 633 C ｭs6 9 ｷ3 74p dp k ｭC 6 9 i t:d: dc , " ﾁ9379" 8 l ｷ3 ; ; 7; 679 m > (a-7793) ﾁ ﾀ , 489ｨ ｨ ﾁ C ｷ3 C, , ﾁ93797ｨ : J m, J V J s , J s , ﾁ93799 x M ｷ3 ;7. ｨ 縺 , l ｷ3 7; ｨ , 39, , F x ｷ3 J m ｭ 6ｦ l6 9 : ac ｭ8: , , , mz (83. (8.8)) Z ｷ3, , 89, 489ｨ - 9, , 4 67ｨ 39894, " ". 3 ｨ ﾁ73 (8.). 縺3944, 679 l ｷ3 7; ｨｬ , ﾁ 閨 ﾁ ｨ ﾀｨ 93 67ｨ ﾀ98 9, , ﾁ ｨ ﾀ98 b ｷ3, C ｷ3 C 9394 b ｨ, 79 3 l m J V =J m J s =J m F x ac =J m 7; 7; ;33 7; 7;4 7;669 7;44 7;99 7;88 7;377,33,9,9,6,97,74,33,3 7; 7; 73; 73; 7; 7; ; ; C ｷ3 C M ﾀ79 b E-69 99ｨ , ( ｨ 9 43) Q U ｭn H6 9P P ｭn H6 9U < g : ｭ8: U ｨｬ : U ｭm; l; C6 9 ｷ3 dv ｭ dl dc ｷ3 H ; n ｨｬ C ｷ3 const, g ｨｬ , ﾁ ﾁ499 U ｭC 6 9 ｷ3 UJ m =a c 679 m ｷ l, ;, l 9 m Q ｭC , l ｷ P ｷ3, Q, ﾁ799, C < , m >, 89 l. ﾀ l 679 ﾁ , 679 l ｷ3 7; C 4 ;, ﾁ P ;6P. 799 ﾁ , , ｨｬ ﾁ ﾁ 閨99- ﾀ [69] [7] ( ) ﾁ ﾁ9379 閨9- ﾀ 閨 , ｨ 8949ｨ, 89989ｨ ｨ P ｭC [7] 684, 39, , a ｨ 3, ｨ (998 3.) ﾁ93799 ﾀ ﾁ ﾁ93799 閨99- ﾀ98 9 縺 ｨ ﾀ- (798. ) ﾁ 閨99- ﾀ [7]. ﾀ ﾀ ｨ ｨ ﾀ J m ｷ J p ｷ , Ar, 9, He ｨ ｨ 9497 ﾁ ﾁ 罍ﾀ

37 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 罍ﾀ ﾀ- ( ｨｬ 734), ｨ 9747 ( ｨｬ 9499 ArII, 3 ｨｬ 9499 CIII): () t ｷ3 ;3 38, a-7793; () b-7793; () t ｷ3 ; 38, a-7793; (3) t ｷ3 ;9 38, a ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ ,, a- 7793, 47 ｨｬ b (47 ) "34999" ｨ 3 (477, 3) ｨ , ｨ ﾁ , (, 3) ｨ 9 93 (94) ｨ ｨ 99 " " 9, 39, , , ﾁ9, 884, ｨ ﾁ ﾀ7o n e 9 T e, , 49 4 Ar n e 83 73, T e 3 ｨ [7] , 8 98ｨ , c 638ｨ ｨ , ｨ 縺 ﾁ , "ｨ " (7) [73]. 7 ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ49: 8899ｨ ｨ , 37ｨ ( ｨ 9747), 8639ｨ , 4 9 ｨ , ﾁ79 9, 44, ｨ ｨ, ｨ , 694ｨ ｨ ｨｬ 4 "ｨ " (76 ﾀ), ｨ (7-3) 閨99-3 (7-3) ｨ ｨ ｨ 93, 679, ｨ ｨ , Xe, Ar, N, He ﾀｨ ｨ "899439" ("3739") 縺 ｨ , , -977, ﾁ9893, , ｨ ｨ (76 ﾀ) ｧ ｨ ｨ [74, 7] ( ) ｨ ( ) ｭE; H , , 78ｨ , ｨ

38 縺 縺8 縺, [ ｦ U, 7 ; ｦ 77 ; P ｷ3 ; U p, ｨ ﾀ: () : ｨｬ , ｨｬ "49999", 3 ｨｬ 44, 4 ｨｬ ; () ｨ ﾀ 679 U p ｷ3 7, H pr 4 7; () U p ; (3) ﾁ ﾀ "7864" 6837: ｨｬ , ｨｬ , 3 ｨｬ ｨ , 4 ｨｬ ｨ (97) ｨ ｨ ｨ C3 ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ 97938ｨ ﾁ- ﾁ ｨｬ (798. 8) [3, 76, 77]. ﾀ ｨ - : , 縺 ｨ 974, , ﾀ ｨ "77" [78] , ｨ ｨ , ｨ 974, ｨ , U p ｷ3, F max U p. 944, F max U p. 63 ﾁ ﾀ 84ｨ ( ) ｨ 93, ｨ 974, 47 ﾁｨ 縺78ｨ ｨ ﾀ79 ｨ ｨ , 93ｨ ｨ F a ｷ3 U p, ｨ F < U p. 縺 F a 7 F

39 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 ｨ ｨ - 939, 9, , 947, ｨ , 93ｨ , 94ｨ ｨ ｨ 4739ｨ, ｨ ef a 499 ｨ 97938ｨ 68, 884ｨ ｨ ｨ , ﾀ7449ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ｨ ｨ , ﾁ ｨ , ｨ ｨ 679ｨ , , ｨ , , ｭr; z ｨ ﾁ ﾁ t ｭN6 9 p / N t p ; 34 N ｨｬ , t p ｨｬ ﾀ ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ , ﾀ ｨ "96" df kt e e ln n max n min : ｨ 9747, ｨ , 94ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ 97938ｨ , ﾀ ｨ ｨ 349, ｨ ( ) ｨ ｨ , ｨｬ 3 ﾁ797 ｨ ﾀｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ("388") 64ｨ 39, ｨ , (798. 9). 縺 , , [, 79 8] ｨ, ｨ ﾀ ｨ ﾁ , 37 ｨｬ ﾁ83, 979 ｨ , , 8443, : J m ｷ3 3 9 J m ｷ3 3. 閨7 ﾁ z ( ) ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , , , , R c ｷ3 83, 679 R ｷ3 7; ｨｬ ｨ r ｷ3 R c r < R c r ｷ ｭH z 6 9 max 8 7, r > R c R d ("7874 6") , ｨ ｨ 39997ｨ ﾁ ｨ , 縺 "679343" 7793, ( ), ｨ , ﾀ ｨ 39984ｨ 67899, ｨ 縺 ｨ , , , , , ﾀ , ﾀ , ﾁ , 97ｨ "6734", (683947) ; 83. ﾀ79 ｨ , 97ｨ , ﾁ "34-99". ﾀ ｨ 489, ; J m ｷ , 679 J m ｷ , , (r 7 83) ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ "7874" ,

40 縺 縺8 縺, [ K n e, T e, ｨ 4 H z ｭr; 6 9 K , , , , , , r, 83 Xe Ar N r, 83 3 N Ar Xe r, Ar 7 F, Xe r, ｨ : (a) c : ｨｬ , ｨｬ , 3 ｨｬ H z ｭz ｷ3 6 9, K ｨｬ , K ｨｬ ; ( 3) r 679 z ｷ3 9 Hb ｷ ( ﾀ U p ｷ3 B, _m ｷ , J p ｭXe6 9 ｷ3 3 33, J p ｭAr6 9 ｷ3 7 33, J p ｭN 6 9 ｷ3 33.) N ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ : n e max 83 73, T e max ｨ, F max U p , , 89343, ｨ 78ｨ ｨ 9744ｨ , 67, ｨ ﾁ ﾀｨ , , "899439" ｨ , , ｨ ( 83), 9 6ｨ ｨ 989 ｨ (" "). ﾀ 67 ﾁ9ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ 4739ｨ 94: E i 3 ejf maxj ; 34 F max ｨｬ ｨ 9 49 E i ｨ ｨ , , ｨ "67" J?; i ｷ3 V?; i h ｷ3 const : 8488 V?; i ｨｬ , ｨ , h ｨｬ , 99 49, 8-84, 474ｨ , ﾁ "6734" , , ﾁ73 s? ｷ3 e n e c s H ; , J p 9 U p ｨ b ( ｨ 74 94) b ;. 縺49 ｨ ﾁ73 t E ｷ n ｭTi 6ｦ T e 6 9 d 3 r J p U p 679 J m ｷ3 3 4ｨ 9 t E 38, 679 J m ｷ3 3 ｨｬ t E Celestis ｨｬ

41 37. 68, ] 閨 縺83 6 ﾀ 罍閨8 ｧ74439 ﾀ3838 ﾀ 縺 縺 ( ). 縺 , 39 ｨ "89989" ｨ ｨ H b J m ｷ3 A 9 H b J m ｷ3 ｷ3 A : n e max 83 73, T e max 8 ｨ, F max , b b ;, t E t E , ｨ , ｨ " 縺968" ｨ ﾁ999 閨 ｨ ｨ ﾁ99939 閨9-3 [8], " 閨" J m ｨ 9 J pr ﾁ9379, ｨ ﾁ , , , H pr ﾁ , ｨ n e, r, 33 T e, ｨ r, 33 U p, 4 3,,4,6 J, F, r, ｨ 閨99-3: (a) 348 閨 ﾁ , () ｨ 99 4 ﾁ H pr ｷ3 7, () ｨ 974, ｨ ｨ z ｷ ﾁ ｨ 349 ﾀ ｨ ｨ , , 縺 b , 閨 , 9 ｨ , ｨ 縺 ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ b, 399- " " ｨ , (D 3 He, DD ). ﾀ , , , ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ44 ﾁ (999) , , ｨ , ﾁ74, , , , ｨ ｨ ｨ , , ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 98) , 閨74, 94, ﾁ ｨ 934 ｨ 47399, ｧ4, : (3.: , 99) , ﾁ ｨ 934 ｨ 47399, ｧ4, : (3.: , 99) , ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 98) ﾀ9883 ｧ (99); (993) ﾀ9883 ｧ79 6 () 86 (99) (99) , ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 98) 8.

42 縺 縺8 縺, [ 縺 , ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 98) Yoshikawa S Nucl. Fusion (973). Kerst D W, Ohkawa T Nuovo Cimento 784 (96). Kerst D W et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 396 (96) 3. Ohkawa T et al., in Proc. Conf. Culham, Vienna, 96 Vol. (Vienna: IAEA, 966) p , , ﾀ4 ｧ (97) ｧ (96) 6. Peregood B P, Lehnert B Nucl. Instrum. Methods 8 37 (98) 7. Prager S C Nucl. Instrum. Methods 7 87 (983) 8. Hasegawa A Comments Plasma Phys. and Controlled Fusion 47 (987) 9. Moor R D AIAA Pap., No (969) p ﾀ9883 ｧ79 6 () 89 (99). 87, ﾀ , 79- ( 78, 979) , ﾀ (99) , , ﾀ ( 6399) , (994) , (4, 969) ﾀ (997) , in Proc. 4 Europ. Conf. on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Moscow, 973 Vol. (Dubna, 974) p , 68 6, ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 974) , , ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 974) (99) 3. ｧ, , ﾀ9883 ｧ (969) , 68 6, ( ﾀ ) (3.: 閨 , 963) , ﾀ9883 ｧ79 (994) , , () 9 (996) 縺 ｨ (3.: 4, 976) , (99) , , ﾀ ﾀ9883 ｧ79 ( 6399) 38. Briesmeister J (Ed.) MSNP-A General Monte Karlo Code for Neutron and Photon Transport, Version 3A, LA-7396-M, Rev., September (986) , ( ﾀ ) (3.: 閨 , 963) , ﾀ89 ﾀ (99) 4. Pastukhov V P, Sokolov A Yu Nucl. Fusion 3 7 (99) 4. Sokolov A Yu Plasma Phys. Rep (993) , 3ｨ (997) 44. Hasegawa A, Chen L, Mauel M E Nucl. Fusion 3 4 (99) 4. Teller E et al. Fusion Technology 8 (99) 46. Mauel M E, Kesner J The Dipol Plasma Confinement Concept, IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Innovative Approaches to Fusion Energy, Pleasanton, California, USA, October ﾀ, (99) , , () 4 (99); , , ｧ (99) , , (99) (99) , 68 6 ｧ (96) , , ﾀ4 ｧ (97) , 4. ﾀ ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 973) ﾁ74 6 ｧ (97) , (993) (99) ﾁ, , (3.: 397, 964) 8. 閨 (3.: 4, 979) , , (996) , 9 ﾁ ﾁ (3.: 4, 98) , 閨 (3.: 4, 989) 6. Ferraro V C J. Geophys. Res. (9) , D 3 He (3.: , 99) , (99) ｧ (97) , 974 3, ﾀ9883 ｧ (97) (98) , (996) , 閨74494 ﾀ, ﾀ9883 ｧ79 () 67 (99); , 閨74494 ﾀ () 8 (997) , , ﾀ (997) ﾀ9883 ｧ79 (4) (99) (6) 467 (998) ﾀ9883 ｧ (99) , 4 6, ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 974) ｧ, , ﾀ9883 ｧ (969) , 4. ﾀ ( ﾀ ) (3.: , 973) Morozov A I 6-European Conf. on Control Fusion and Plasma Phys., Moscow, USSR, June, 973 Vol., p Lane B et al. Nucl. Fusion 77 (98) ﾀ9883 ｧ79 8 () (99); ﾀ9883 ｧ79 8 (4) 4 (99) (993) (993) ﾀ9883 ｧ79 (9) (994) On galateas 4 magnetic traps with plasma-embedded conductors A.I. Morozov Russian Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" pl. Kurchatova, 38 Moscow, Russia Tel. (7-9) V.V. Savel'ev Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences Miusskaya pl. 4, 47 Moscow, Russia Tel. (7-9) [email protected] The introduction of plasma-embedded magnetically insulated current-carrying conductors into a plasma trap magnetic system increases radically the number of possible trap designs. The present review focuses on the studies of b ｷ3 galateas conducted in the 99s. Both general and design-speciｨｦc galatea properties are discussed and for a number of speciｨｦc schemes analytical and numerical calculations are performed. Experimental data on a number of electrical discharge galateas are presented. PACS numbers:.. ﾀs,..Lf,..Mg Bibliography ｨｬ 8 references Received 4 March 998