5. Vehicle ( 乗り物 ) accidents are common along sharp-curved highways. a. agent b. mechanic c. automobile d. instrument Exercise 2: What s the word? (5-

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1 Main Topic 14: Technical Areas Lesson 79: Land Transport (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to LAND TRANSPORT. 2. Review Gerund Phrases. I. VOCABULARY Exercise 1: What s the meaning? (5-6 minutes) Choose the meaning of the underlined words from the choices that follow. Then practice using the words in your own sentences. 1. Cars cutting across each other cram road intersections.( 交差点 ) a. rotundas b. networks c. sidewalks d. crossways 2. The newly-paved road ( 道路 ) allows for faster transportation of goods from farms to city markets. a. path b. bridge c. overpass d. transport 3. Faulty stop lights ( 信号 ) disrupt the flow of vehicles along crowded highways. a. tail light b. car light c. headlight d. traffic light 4. Hundreds of passengers get on and off bus terminals ( 停留所 ) every summer. a. station b. basement c. main office d. headquarters 1

2 5. Vehicle ( 乗り物 ) accidents are common along sharp-curved highways. a. agent b. mechanic c. automobile d. instrument Exercise 2: What s the word? (5-7 minutes) Read the following dialog with your tutor and try to use context clues to fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word. You can find the missing word from the pool of words at the bottom. Mr. Johnson discusses with Mr. Smith the plans to meet a client at the train station. Mr. Johnson: What are the updates on our client s arrival tomorrow? Mr. Smith: According to his secretary, he will be arriving at the train (1) at around 6pm. We will have an hour or two to get to the hotel and let him settle in. Mr. Johnson: Do you have time to (2) him on the dot? What time are you leaving the office? Mr. Smith: I have to be on the road at 4pm because I want to avoid heavy (3) on 6 th Avenue. So I plan to leave the office at 3:30 pm. Mr. Johnson: That sounds good. We have to make a good impression on him. I heard he s very particular with punctuality. Mr. Smith: Don t worry.i ll be right on the (4) when he steps out of the train. Mr. Johnson: Good. Don t forget to (5) his bags and check if they are complete. He might bring a lot of things for the two-week conference. Mr. Smith: Alright. I got it. Choices: a. fetch ( 行って取ってくる ) b. traffic ( 交通 ) c. pick up ( 拾う ) d. platform ( 乗車口 ) e. station ( 駅 ) f. highway ( 高速道路 ) 2

3 II. GRAMMAR REVIEW: Topic: Gerund Phrases (5-6 minutes) ( 動名詞句 ) General Description: ( 概要 ) A Gerund Phrase consists of a gerund and its objects, modifiers or complements. A gerund is a verbal that ends with an ing. It may appear like a verb, but it functions as a noun. When combined with objects, modifiers or complements, the gerund becomes part of a phrase that also acts as a noun. ( 動名詞句は動名詞とその目的語修飾語補語から成り立ちます動名詞は語尾が ing の動詞です動名詞の形は動詞のようですが名詞の働きをします目的語や修飾語そして補語と結びつくと動名詞は名詞としての働きもする句の一部になります ) Consider this sentence: ( 下記の文章について考えてみましょう ) Paving roads in rural areas is a sign of progress in transportation. ( 農村地域で道を舗装するのは運送手段の進歩の証です ) Paving is a gerund formed using the verb pave. By adding ing, it becomes the subject of the verb is. When combined with the object road in rural areas, it becomes part of the gerund phrase acting as subject of the sentence. (paving は動詞 pave を用いた動名詞です Ing を加えることで動詞 is の主語になります目的語の road in rural areas と結びつくことで文の主語として機能する動名詞句の一部になります ) A gerund phrase can function as: ( 動名詞句は下記のような働きをします ) Subject ( 主語 ) Direct Object ( 直接目的語 ) Subject Complement ( 主語補語 ) Object of Preposition ( 前置詞の目的語 ) Picking up bags at a busy train station can be burdensome. ( 混雑している電車の駅でバッグを見つけるのは骨が折れます ) The manager tried fetching the client on time but he failed. ( マネージャーは時間通り顧客を迎えに行こうとしたが失敗してしまいました ) One of the daily crises in the metro is regulating heavy traffic. ( 都市部で毎日問題になることの一つは激しい交通量を規制することです ) Traffic violators are fined for blocking intersections. ( 交通違反者は交差点を妨害したかどで罰金を課されます ) 3

4 Remember: Gerund phrases are different from present participle phrases. Although both begin with verbs ending in ing, they function differently. Gerund phrases act as nouns, while participle phrases acts as adjectives. ( 覚えておきましょう : 動名詞句は現在分詞句とは異なりますどちらも語尾が ing の動詞の形をとりますが機能は異なります動名詞句は名詞として現在分詞は形容詞として機能します ) Examples: GERUND PHRASE ( 動名詞句 ) Picking up bags at a busy train station can be burdensome. ( 混雑している電車の駅でバッグを見つけるのは骨が折れます ) The manager tried fetching the client on time, but he failed. ( マネージャーは時間通り顧客を迎えに行こうとしたが失敗してしまいました ) One of the daily crises in the metro is regulating heavy traffic. ( 都市部で毎日問題になることの一つは激しい交通量を規制することです ) Traffic violators are fined for blocking intersections. ( 交通違反者は交差点を妨害したかどで罰金を課されます ) PRESENT PARTICIPLE PHRASE ( 現在分詞句 ) Picking up bags at a busy train station, the manager forgot to fetch his client. ( 混雑した電車の駅でバッグを見つけたがマネージャーは顧客を迎えに行くのを忘れてしまいました ) Fetching the client on time, the manager tried to grab breakfast, but he failed. ( 顧客を迎えに行きマネージャーは朝食にありつこうとしたが失敗しました ) The officer regulating heavy traffic solves daily crises in the metro. ( 激しい交通量を規制する警備員が大都市で毎日起こる大問題を解決してくれます ) Traffic violators blocking intersections are fined by officers. ( 交差点を妨害する交通違反者は警備員によって罰金を課されます ) Comprehension Check: Answer the following question using a gerund phrase: What are the advantages of land transportation compared to air travel? ( 動名詞を用いて下記の質問に答えましょう航空便と比較した場合の陸上の輸送手段の強みは何ですか?) 4

5 Exercise 1: Incomplete Sentences (5-6 minutes) Choose the word or phrase that would best complete the following sentences. 1. intersections frees roads from car jams. a. Outlining b. Opening c. Offering d. Obstructing 2. The Department of Transportation has begun faulty stop lights. a. revising b. repairing c. repeating d. recharging 3. One of the new government initiatives involves bigger bus terminals. a. building b. blocking c. buffering d. buttering 4. Civilians have taken the task of the traffic when flashfloods hit the city. a. moving b. managing c. mimicking d. manipulating 5. can improve everyday transportation. a. Hiding a traffic sign b. Hanging street decors c. Hunting stray animals d. Having a network of train stations 5

Main Topic 1: Business Interactions

Main Topic 1: Business Interactions Main Topic 2: Business Interactions Lesson 19: Sending/Receiving Information via Email (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to Sending/Receiving Information via Email. I.