(Bulletin of FFPRI), Vol.3, No.4 (No.393), 341-348, Dec. 2004 1) 1) 1) Mean basic density and density variation within individual trees in major plantation species FUJIWARA Takeshi 1), YAMASHITA Kana 1) and HIRAKAWA Yasuhiko 1) Abstract In order to obtain basic density of major plantation species and to analyze variations of density within individual trees, the basic density at breast height and air-dried density at 1 m intervals from 0.2 m above the ground were measured on 6 major species from 37 test stands. The density of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. calculated for each site was stable, while Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. showed significant difference between sites. The difference in the density between trees growing under different silvicultural treatments (thinning) was not significant, though the trees from thinned stands showed lower density than the trees from the control stands. The averages and 95% confidence limits of basic density in C. japonica, C. obtusa, L. kaempferi, Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr., Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Mast. and Picea glehnii (Fr. Schm.) Mast. were 0.314 0.008 g/cm 3, 0.401 0.010 g/cm 3, 0.409 0.013 g/cm 3, 0.338 0.008 g/cm 3, 0.323 0.007 g/cm 3, 0.370 0.010 g/cm 3, respectively. Two types of longitudinal variation in the density were found from bottom to top. The mean density of the bottom part was lower than that of the upper part in C. japonica and C. obtusa. On the other hand, the density was higher at the bottom part in L. kaempferi and the other three species, A. sachalinensis, P. jezoensis and P. glehnii. The pattern of radial variation was also classified into two groups and the species in each group corresponded with the species of the groups classified by the longitudinal variation. Because the density of the core woods of C. japonica and C. obtusa was higher than that of outer woods, upper discs showed higher density due to an increase of the core wood percentages. In the other species, low density in core wood resulted in the lower density at the upper discs. Key words : basic density, variation within trees, tree ring analysis, biomass, carbon absorption. 30 37 1 0.314 0.008 g/cm 3 0.401 0.010 g/cm 3 0.409 0.013 g/cm 3 0.359 0.017 g/cm 3 0.338 0.008 g/cm 3 0.323 0.007 g/cm 3 0.370 0.010 g/cm 3 3.2 2.7 2.4 2 16 6 23 Received June 23, 2004 16 8 27 Accepted Aug. 27, 2004 * 305-8687 1 Department of wood properties, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute FFPRI, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; e-mail: fujiwara@ffpri.affrc.go.jp 1 Department of wood properties, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute FFPRI
342 FUJIWARA T. et al., 1982 1983, 1987, 1963, 1992, 1999, 2001b, 1985, 1985, 1988a 1988b, 1990, 1994 2000, 2001a, 1961, 1967, 1986 Minato et al., 1989, 1987, 1952 Minato et al., 1989 Hishinuma et al., 1992 1987 r = 0.980 6 Cryptomeria japonica D. DonChamaecyparis obtusa Endl. Larix kaempferi Lamb. Carr. Picea jezoensis Sieb. et Zucc. Carr. Abies sachalinensis Fr. Schm. Mast. Picea glehnii Fr. Schm. Mast. 6 Table 1 Abies homolepis Sieb. et Zucc. 1 4 Table 1 30 7 37 5, 2000, 2001a 2001b, 2002 1 2 1 4 0.2m 1m 5cm 10cm 6024 1026 1m 1m 5mm 2 60 24 102 3 2mm 2065 11 3 4 2004
Mean basic density and density variation within individual trees in major plantation species 343 Table 1. Location of the stands used in present study and their basic information. Code Test stand Division Species Location Age year DBH cm Height m Density N/ha UTT a) c) 46 23.4 17.9 1529 UTC b) c) 46 19.4 17.8 2444 KGT a) c) 43 21.8 16.6 1397 FST a) c) 47 24.9 19.1 905 FSC b) c) 47 24.4 22.1 1514 OIT a) c) 82 32.0 21.1 721 AST a) c) 50 26.6 21.1 1201 NHT a) c) 51 28.3 24.7 1222 NHC b) c) 52 22.7 22.8 2385 KKT a) c) 45 34.7 28.8 741 KKC b) c) 45 27.2 26.3 1690 TIT a) d) 51 19.6 16.5 1842 TIC b) d) 51 19.3 17.9 1845 UTM a) d) 75 26.0 19.4 1187 UTL a) d) 75 24.3 20.7 1563 HHT a) d) 49 24.6 15.7 987 AHT a) d) 50 23.6 16.3 1483 MGT a) d) 51 24.5 19.1 1170 NKT a) d) 71 27.6 20.9 846 TYT a) d) 86 27.2 21.5 670 YCT a) e) 46 25.2 21.3 520 KMT a) e) 52 26.8 26.4 649 AZT a) e) 53 23.6 21.6 835 YMT a) e) 49 24.0 21.6 760 YMC b) e) 49 21.8 21.2 1100 ART a) e) 46 19.3 16.2 915 HKT a) e) 48 27.6 24.3 525 NGT a) e) 51 23.6 20.1 792 AGT a) e) 52 26.5 25.5 785 TBT a) f) 60 30.9 21.1 610 NPT a) f) 53 31.8 20.8 455 MNT a) g) 67 31.8 20.6 530 MYT a) g) 49 19.1 13.9 1413 YBT a) h) 69 26.0 18.3 945 HOT a) h) 27 14.7 10.0 2330 TMT a) h) 43 17.3 12.0 1550 FJC b) i) 49 22.5 13.3 1168 Note: a) Thinned stand, b) control stand, c) Cryptomeria japonica, d) Chamaecyparis obtusa, e) Larix kaempferi, f ) Abies sachalinensis, g) Picea jezoensis, h) Picea glehnii, i) Abies homolepis. 20kVp 14mA 4 Dendro2003 Walesche Electronic Microdensitometer 3CS Joyce Loebl 1 2 95 Fig. 1 4 4 Bulletin of FFPRI, Vol.3, No.4, 2004
344 FUJIWARA T. et al. Fig. 1. 95 Mean basic density and 95% confidence limit of C. japonica test stands. Fig. 3. 95 Mean basic density and 95% confidence limit of L. kaempferi test stands. 5 Fig. 2 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 2. 95 Mean basic density and 95% confidence limit of C. obtusa test stands. Fig. 4. 95 Mean basic density and 95% confidence limit of A. sachalinensis, P. jezoensis and P. glehnii test stands. 0.390g/ cm 3 0.402g/cm 3 0.366g/cm 3 0.452g/cm 3 Fig. 3 6, 1982 1983, 1987, 1985, 1988a 1988b, 1990, 1992, 1999, 2001a, 1994 2000 2001b 3 4 2004
Mean basic density and density variation within individual trees in major plantation species 345, 1998, 2003, 1998, 1963, 1992 3.9 9.8, 1974 95 Table 2 3 95 0.01g/cm 3 2.72.4 3.2, 1958 1985, 1967, 1987 2 2 1.2m 1 Figs. 5 6 0.2m 5 10 Fig. 5 5 Fig. 6 1961 1967Minato et al. 1989 1952Hishinuma et al. 1992 15 CW 16 OW Figs. 7 8CW OW Fig. 7 4 CW 5 10m OW CW Table 2. 95 Mean basic density and their 95% confidence limits of 7 species. Species Number of trees Mean density g/cm 3 Standard deviation g/cm 3 95 95% confidence limit g/cm 3 Error ratio % Cryptomeria japonica Chamaecyparis obtusa Larix kaempferi Abies homolepis Picea glehnii Picea jezoensis Abies sachalinensis 44 39 36 4 12 8 8 0.314 0.401 0.409 0.359 0.370 0.338 0.323 0.028 0.031 0.039 0.033 0.033 0.022 0.021 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.017 0.010 0.008 0.007 2.7 2.4 3.2 9.1 5.1 4.5 4.5 Bulletin of FFPRI, Vol.3, No.4, 2004
346 FUJIWARA T. et al. Fig. 5. Longitudinal density variations of C. japonica and C. obtusa trees. Fig. 7. Longitudinal density variations of CW and OW in C. japonica and C. obtusa trees. Fig. 6. Longitudinal density variations of L. kaempferi, A. sachalinensis, P. jezoensis and P. glehnii trees. Fig. 8. Longitudinal density variations of CW and OW in L. kaempferi and P. glehnii trees. Fig. 8 CW CW OW 4 OW CW CW 0.2m 10cm 1m y 0 1 1 Figs. 9-12 y 0 0.42 0.83 y 0.62 0.97 5 1987 0.980 0.314 3 4 2004
Mean basic density and density variation within individual trees in major plantation species 347 Fig. 9. Relationships between mean density at breast height and mean density of trunks in C. japonica. Fig. 12. Relationships between mean density at breast height and mean density of trunks in A. sachalinensis, P. jezoensis and P. glehnii. Fig. 10. Relationships between mean density at breast height and mean density of trunks in C. obtusa. 0.008 g/cm 3 0.401 0.010 g/cm 3 0.409 0.013 g/cm 3 0.359 0.017 g/ cm 3 0.338 0.008 g/cm 3 0.323 0.007 g/cm 3 0.370 0.010 g/cm 3 2 Fig. 11. Relationships between mean density at breast height and mean density of trunks in L. kaempferi tree. 1998,, 15, 31-107. 1986 2,, 35, 55-71. 1967,, 25, 47-127. Bulletin of FFPRI, Vol.3, No.4, 2004
348 FUJIWARA T. et al. 1974,, 11, 19-45. 2003,, 2, 31-41. Hishinuma, Y. Nakata, R. and Fukazawa, K. 1992 Analysis, using a three-dimensional view, of the process of tree growth (2). Distribution of basic density and fiber direction responding to a stem form, Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forest, 49, 23-35. 2001a,, 22. 2001b,, 23. 1994,, 42, 34-36. 2000,, 82, 80-86. 2001,, 47, 44-51. 2001,, 83, 53-57. 1961, 134, 141-148. 1985,, 33, 95-97. 2002, 13, 43, 29. 1990 1,,, 36, 98-102. 2000 30,, 21. 1999,, 42, 19-21. Minato, K., Ujiie, M. and Hishinuma, Y. 1989 Growth and wood quality of sugi and hinoki trees in the plantation of the Wakayama experimental forest, Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forest, 46, 223-247. 1958,, 19 3, 99-216. 1985 3,, 42 4, 1089-1116. 1982,, 35, 55-56. 1983 2,, 36, 111-112. 1952,. 1963,, 148, 93-105. 1988a XI,, 36, 105-107. 1988b I,, 99, 239-240. 1985,, 96, 287-288. 1987,, 35, 85-88. 1992 30,, 35, 42-46. 1987,, 57, 149-173. 3 4 2004