1 1978 1978 2000 2.5 3000 30.7% 3% 2003p.4 1980 1990 1 1994 7 20 8000 1 1 2002 1655 5 2004p.142 1
2 3 4 1 5 6 2 Poverty Line 1978 1984 1 200 2003 637 1 1 1 1985 2 1 1 2100 2001 2003p.56 60% Engel s coefficient 1984 1 119.73 60% 1984 200 2004p.11 1 1978 2003 1 1 1 1 1978 1 1 100 1 1.72 1 1 0.16 2003 637 2 World Bank2003ap.61 2
1 1 8.277 2003 0.22 3 head-count ratio 4 N h H=h/N 1 2 1978 30.7% 1980 20 1990 2000 5 1 3 1978 2.5 2000 3000 31 6 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1988 1996 1988 2 20 47.6% 3 1 1 1 1981 4.9 2002 8800 World Bank 2003bp.25 4 Proportionate Poverty Gap Index PPG Weight- ed Poverty Gap IndexWPG Khan and Riskin 2001 p.53 5 Ravallion and Chen 1998 Ravallion and Chen 2004Table 2 6 World Bank2001 3
1996 10% 18% 1.2% 2004 2003 15.5% 35.5% 49% 12 44 1698 133 2004bp.12 8 1% 13 1~5% 7 5~10% 3 2000 3 2003 4 1978 1985 1 1986 1993 2 3 1994 2000 4 2001 2010 2 2001 1985 1 1986 2 331 368 4
4 1 1 1978-1985 1978 2.5 30.7%1 2001 1 1 3 1978 1 1952 1986 1952 100 1978 26 2 2.7 1.6 1 7 1994 1952 1989 9716.75 1215.86 10932 7140 5 1 1978 1978 2004 1 1978 1985 7% 1 14% 2.6 7 2.5 1.25 30.7% 14.8% 1 7 1952 1978 49191 81029 1999 p.1 5
2 2 1986-1993 1986 1 7 5 1986-1990 6 1993 1986 1993 1.25 8000 6.2% 1 3.2 1994 592 82% 8 3 3 1994-2000 6
1994 2000 8000 567 592 18 43 257 43.4 1994 2000 1561 2 2.7 8000 3000 3 592 6012 1 6.67 32 Km 5351 95.5 1000 3 3 3 2000 3000 592 1 2001p.103 1990 7
Big-Push 4 4 2001-2010 2001 5 2001-2010 3 3000 1994 592 2003 2004bp.130 2004 3 6 8
4 8 2 1986 6 20 2004 1990 2004 1997 0.5 592 0.38 0.025 592 2001 2109 731 1/3 8 2004 9
2002p.821994 90% 78% 9% 11% 2% 2004p.168 7 2003p.111 1 1 Trap 2 2 2 2 2 10
4 4 3,2-1,3-1,1 0,0 1997p.97-1 3-1 3 2 0.5 0 5 1. 1 0.5 2 5. = + 0.5 3 0.5 5 0 =1. + 0.2 0.8-0.2 0.5 11
0.2 0.8 9 5 2004 11 2001-2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 4 1 9 1997p.98-107 10 URLhttp://www.xn--wfrp28aej6a.com/zhuanti/china/hly.html 12
4 11 1 1997 1999 43 20 12 2004 2004b p.311 microcredit microfinance 11 cost benefit Big Push 12 7158 哪 2002 5 31 13
NGO 13 2003 1763 60% 2004p.25 40% 6 2.5 3000 21 3000 1 13 2003 9 14
3000 2010 Khan, A. Rahman and Carl Riskin2001Inequality and Poverty in China in the Age of Globalization, Oxford University Press. Ravallion, Martin and Chen Shaohua2004 China suneven Progress Poverty, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3408, September. World Bank2001China: Overcoming Rural Poverty, World Bank, Washington D.C. USA. World Bank2003aWorld Development Indicators, World Bank, Washington D.C. USA. World Bank2003bChina Country Economic Memorandum: Promoting Growth with Equity, World Bank, Washington D.C. USA. 1990 1949-1989 1999 2004a 2001 2004b 2003 2002 15
2004 2001 Working Paper c2001006http://ccer.pku.edu.cn/cn/ 2004 1997 弈 2004 2002 1994 2001 183 4 pp.71-87 2004 20 3 2004 7 2003 2003 7 2003 16
1 1952 100 350 300 250 200 150 1 100 50 0 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1990 17
2 N G O 2004p.141 18
1 / % 1978 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 100 130 142 164 179 200 206 213 227 236 259 300 317 440 530 585 640 635 625 625 630 627 637 30.7 26.8 18.5 17.5 16.2 15.1 14.8 15.5 14.3 11.1 11.6 9.4 8.8 7.7 7.1 6.3 5.4 4.6 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.1 250 220 152 145 135 128 125 131 122 96 102 85 80 70 65 58 50 42 34 32 29 28 29 2004ap.471996 World Bank2001 Table2.1 19
2 100 % 100 1996 1988 1996 1988 1996 919.4 13.9 6.3 120 58 83.6 3.7 3.9 53.2 22.8 15.2 0.5 1.8 14.0 22.1 4.6 0.8 0.3 3.9 7.5 11.7 0.0 0.1 6.9 4.7 3.8 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.7 55.0 22.2 14.4 18.4 10.2 8.0 8.8 13.6 4.7 2.9 4.7 6.7 5.5 1.8 1.3 2.5 2.5 0.6 0.7 1.2 272.0 3.8 53.1 35.9 49.8 26.4 32.0 71.0 7.0 0.3 4.5 2.8 10.3 3.9 8.5 9.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.7 0.5 0.7 1.9 17.9 0.0 2.4 1.0 4.7 0.9 2.5 6.4 3.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.1 0.2 1.4 233.3 77.5 40.3 53.2 57.5 4.8 13.4 25.0 11.0 7.9 2.7 12.1 2.6 4.3 2.7 1.5 0.2 8.2 27.8 17.6 4.4 4.0 1.3 0.5 5.7 3.3 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.4 198.3 n.a. 93.9 29.8 33.5 2.1 39.0 20.5 n.a. 16.7 23.0 23.8 32.3 24.1 10.5 6.6 7.0 12.8 22.9 10.1 6.4 38.4 n.a. 15.3 6.3 7.4 0.6 8.7 20.7 1.6 4.9 3.8 7.7 0.2 2.5 77.2 14.2 27.5 19.7 3.3 3.7 8.8 26.2 17.3 24.9 38.4 22.4 24.7 22.3 18.6 9.3 17.5 22.7 17.7 18.5 27.4 18.9 2.4 6.4 6.8 0.7 0.8 1.7 14.3 1.3 4.8 4.5 0.6 0.7 2.4 World Bank2001Table1.2 20
3 3 % 1 1979-1985 125 10.4 2 1986-1993 51 6.6 3 1994-2000 50 16.3 2002p.131 21