42 4 87 99 2014 1 2 3 3 4 1 3 1 F 1 1 0.05 ml 2 3 0.15 ml 1 18 2 26 9 1 3 2 F 1 5 10 15 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 4 2013 7 26 2014 6 30 4 1 F F 1 5 F 2 1 1 2 3
88 1 1 18 11 7 27.2 7.9 10 6 4 28.9 9.2 8 5 3 25.0 1.1 2 3 26 16 10 27.4 8.3 15 9 6 28.8 9.7 11 7 4 25.5 5.9 2 F 1 2 9 6 3 29.1 8.8 1 24.0 0.8 55.2 8.8 1 F F 0.5 Hz 0.2 ms M 120 30 273 268 mm 1 Mont Saint Michel Lavandula angustifolia OMX-SR 42 4 24.4 4.3 2 F 1 5 10 15 F F/M 2 3 1 74.2 8.1 F 1 1 2 1 Kolmogorov Smirnov 11 09 1 F F/M F 1 1 F 10 F 6,102 4.03, p 0.01 15 F 6,102 2.75, p 0.05 F/M 2 F
2014. 89 1 Table 1 Result of Friedman s test F/M F p F p F p n 9 6,48 0.615 0.8395 6,48 0.459 0.5499 6,48 1.119 0.614 1 n 18 6,102 4.221 0.0413 6,102 1.496 0.1273 6,102 2.371 0.212 n 10 6,54 3.345 0.0727 6,54 0.903 0.8234 6,54 2.875 0.069 n 8 6,49 0.638 0.2544 6,49 0.159 0.2063 6,49 0.049 0.37 3 n 26 6,150 4.628 0.0027 6,150 0.732 0.2689 6,150 0.908 0.314 n 15 6,84 1.771 0.1321 6,84 0.033 0.4708 6,84 1.098 0.092 n 11 6,60 4.177 0.004 6,60 3.063 0.03 6,60 0.261 0.479 p 0.05, p 0.01. 3 4 2 F 5 F 6,150 5.17, p 0.01 10 F 6,150 3.48, p 0.01 15 F 6,150 3.52, p 0.01 F/M 5 F 1 5 F 6,60 3.84, p 0.01 10 F 6,60 3.73, p 0.01 F/M F 6,60 3.20, p 0.05 1 F 6,60 3.04, p 0.05 5 6 F 7 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 F F/M 1 2 F F/M F F/M 1 2 3 4 5 1 F F/M F 5
90 42 4 1 F n 9 F F/M F Fig. 1 F-wave changes in the control group. Upper: F-wave persistence. Middle: F/M amplitude ratio. Lower: F-wave latency. No significant differences were observed during the two experiments. 2
2014. 91 2 1 F n 18 F F/M F F 10 15 F/M p 0.05 p 0.01 Fig. 2 F-wave changes before and after inhalation of one drop of lavender oil. Upper: F-wave persistence. Middle: F/M amplitude ratio. Lower: F-wave latency. F-wave persistence 10 and 15 min after lavender oil inhalation significantly decreased compared with that before inhalation. No significant differences in F/M amplitude ratio and F-wave latency were observed before, during, or after inhalation. p 0.05, p 0.01.
92 42 4 3 1 F n 8 Fig. 3 F-wave changes before and after inhalation of one drop of lavender oil in subjects with no previous experience of lavender oil inhalation. Upper: F-wave persistence. Middle: F/M amplitude ratio. Lower: F-wave latency. No significant differences were observed in the results of the two experiments. P300 6,7 8
2014. 93 4 1 F n 10 F F/M F Fig. 4 F-wave changes before and after inhalation of one drop of lavender oil in subjects with previous experience of lavender oil inhalation. Upper: F-wave persistence. Middle: F/M amplitude ratio. Lower: F-wave latency. No significant differences were observed in the results of the two experiments.
94 42 4 5 3 F n 26 F F/M F F 5 10 15 F/M p 0.01 Fig. 5 F-wave changes before and after inhalation of three drops of lavender oil. Upper: F-wave persistence. Middle: F/M amplitude ratio. Lower: F-wave latency. F-wave persistence 5, 10, and 15 min after inhalation significantly decreased compared with that before inhalation. No significant differences in F/M amplitude ratio or F-wave latency were observed before, during, and after inhalation. p 0.01
2014. 95 6 3 F n 11 F F/M F F 10 F/M 1 p 0.05 p 0.01 Fig. 6 F-wave changes before and after inhalation of three drops of lavender oil in subjects with no previous experience of lavender oil inhalation. Upper: F-wave persistence. Middle: F/M amplitude ratio. Lower: F-wave latency. Persistence was significantly suppressed at 5 and 10 min after inhalation compared with that before inhalation. The F/M amplitude ratio significantly increased during inhalation compared with that before inhalation. p 0.05, p 0.01
96 42 4 7 3 F n 15 F F/M F Fig. 7 F-wave changes before and after inhalation of three drops of lavender oil in subjects with previous experience of lavender oil inhalation. Upper: F-wave persistence. Middle: F/M amplitude ratio. Lower: F-wave latency. No significant changes in F-wave persistence, F-wave latency, and F/M amplitude ratio were observed compared with those before inhalation. 9 10
2014. 3 11 30 2 3 F 5 12 13 NMDA 14 GABA 15 2,3 16 13 Hz 8 13 Hz 4 8Hz 4Hz 17 16 4 1 2 1 3 18 3 1 97
98 3 1 19 3 1 3 5 20 F F/M Cain 21 22 F 42 4 3 1 pp. 52 53, 2009. 2 Sayoowan W, Siriporanpanich V, Piriyapuunyaporn T, et al: The effects of lanender oil inhalation on emotional states, autonomic nervous system, and brain electrical activity. J Med Assoc Thai 95: 598 606, 2012. 3 VEP 53: 161 170, 1997. 4. 9: 1 20, 2009. 5 21: 269 290, 2002. 6 Koga Y: Recent advances in event-related brain potential research. In Ogura C, Koga Y, Shimokochi M eds. Influence of Coffee Aroma on Brain Function, Results from studies of rcbf and ERPs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 372 378, 1996. 7 P300 4: 35 40, 2005 8 pp 146 147, 2006. 9 Charles TL pp 33 38, 2002. 10 pp 70 83, 2008. 11, Arom Res 1: 72 79, 2000. 12 Arom Res 1: 53 57, 2000. 13 pp 119 29, 2010. 14 6: 1 8, 2006. 15 1 pp 80 95, 2009. 16 65: 434 435,
2014. 2003. 17 香山幸彦 標準生理学 小澤瀞司 福田康一郎 編 脳活動の非侵襲的計測 7 版 医学書院 東京 p 476, 2009. 18 小長井ちづる 古賀良彦 : ラベンダー精油が脳機能に与える影響の濃度による差異の検討 アロマテラピー誌 8: 9 14, 2008. 19 斉藤幸子 綾部早穂 においの心理学 綾部早穂 斉藤幸子 編 においの快不快の特徴 初版 フレグランスジャーナル社 東京 pp 172 177, 2008. 99 20 小林剛史 小早川達 秋山幸代ら におい刺激に対する感覚強度に及ぼす認知的要因の影響 短時間 断続的に提示されるにおい刺激に対して におい かおり環境会誌 38: 444 452, 2007. 21 Cain WS, Johnson F Jr : Lability of odor pleasantness: Influence of mere exposure. Perception 7: 459 465, 1978. 22 阿部恒之 庄司耀 菊池史倫 嗅覚の単純接触効果 ジャスミン ローズの睡眠中呈示 感情心理学研究 17: 84 93, 2009. Effects of aroma on excitability of spinal nerves innervating the upper extremity YUKO YURUGI 1 2 3, TOSHIAKI SUZUKI 3 4, YOSHIBUMI BUNNO 1 3, HIROYASU IWATSUKI 1 1 Graduate School of Aomori University of Health and Welfare 2 Hakuho Women s College 3 Clinical Physical therapy Laboratory, Kansai University of Health Sciences 4 Graduate School of Kansai University of Health Sciences To investigate the effects of lavender oil aroma on the excitatory state of spinal motor neurons, we performed F-wave measurements as an index for testing muscle tone in the upper extremity. We conducted two experiments. In experiment 1, the effects of one drop 0.05 ml of lavender oil were studied in 18 healthy volunteers, whereas in experiment 2, the effects of three drops 0.15 ml of lavender oil were studied in 26 healthy volunteers. For each experiment, a control group of 9 healthy volunteers was used for comparison. Subjects wore masks and assumed a supine position. Lavender oil was added to a tissue in a freezer bag, and the strength of the aroma was measured. The freezer bag was inserted into the mask worn by subjects who were asked to breathe in the aroma of the lavender oil for 2 min. Persistence, latency, and F/M amplitude ratio were recorded from the thenar muscles of the left upper extremity before baseline, during 0 and 1 min, and after 5, 10, and 15 min lavender oil inhalation. After lavender oil inhalation, excitability of spinal motor neurons that innervate the upper extremities decreased. Furthermore, inhalation of three drops of lavender oil increased excitability of the spinal neurons in subjects who had no previous experience of lavender inhalation. Key Words lavender oil, aromatherapy, F wave, spinal nerves, upper extremity