A Brief Historical Review on the Development of Japanese Community in Brazil KO TAKAGI Japan and Brazil have a long history of cultural and economic exchange. Today, Brazil has the largest number of Japanese descendants in the world outside Japan. Japanese immigration to Brazil began in 1908. At first, Japanese immigrants were made to follow low paid jobs such as farming at coffee plantations, as most of these plantations were suffering from insoluble problem of labor shortage after the abolition of slavery in 1888. Japanese immigrants faced many obstacles due to their ignorance of the country they were moving to, and had to adapt to a culture that differed greatly from their own. However, as the generations went by, the Japanese have improved their lives in Brazil by various methods including introducing organized farming and commercial cultivation of vegetables and fruits. However, Japanese influence was not limited to agriculture. Early settlers also spread martial arts. Within them, judo became quite popular and helped to create Brazilian jiu-jitsu later on. In this article, the history of Nikkei who overcame the obstacles and had been accepted in the society in Brazil is reviewed. 2015 190 1 120 10 7
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2 3 1 2 1 http://www.mofa. go.jp/mofaj/area/brazil/data.html#section1 2016 12 31 http://www.jadesas.or.jp/aboutnikkei/ 27
5 2017 index.html 2014 160 130 10 2 350 46 37 3 9 8900 6 5000 2 2015 2015 6 22 http://www.dentsu.co.jp/news/release/2015/0622-004078.html 2016 12 31 3 ROCHA NOGUEIRA, Arlinda, São Paulo, o Algodão e o Japonês na Sêcada de Trinta http://www.revistas.usp.br/rieb/article/viewfile/69775/72433 2016 12 31 4 1910 1914 5 Isto é: A Crise do Budismo no Brasil 30/03/2013 : https://web.archive.org/ web/20130331011734/http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/156867_a+crise+do +BUDISMO+NO+BRASIL 6 Gazeta do Povo: Valores impulsionam alunos nipo-brasileiros Pesquisa confirma melhor rendimento dos descendentes de japoneses nos estudos. Valorização da educação na família explica o bom desempenho 01/09/2009 http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/educacao/valores-impulsionam-alunos-nipobrasileiros-bt1kzw9z5kxd77ncntigrabf2 2016 12 31 7 100 2 http:// nipo-brasil.org/archives/6287/ 2016 12 31 8 Gazeta do Povo 9 28
10 1 http://www.discovernikkei.org/ja/journal/2007/8/16/new-identity/ 2016 12 31 11 1996 2 2006:101 102 1996 1 2002:230 12 1833 2000:80 81 13 14 200 http://www.js3la.jp/notes/vx201102.html 2016 12 31 15 1924 16 2016 29
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Watanabe, M. 2008 The Development of Japanese New Religions in Brazil and Their Propagation in a Foreign Culture, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 35/1, pp.115 144. 31