untitled

2009 1980 60 15 6000 2007

2025 60 25.0 1 19.6 18.2 25.2 1 20 30 () critical gerontology

1 1980 1979 1953 6 2007 77 1959 FMC 1 2 GSP 1971 75 7.5 1981 85 6.7 demographic dividend 15

75 2050 60 74 75 Hernández [2009] 2006 2006 0.4 2007 0.2 2010 0.1 2020 0.3 ONE [2008b] 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 60 805 1046 1228 1506 1720 60 9.5 10.8 11.7 13.5 15.3 60 (%) - - - 1.30 0.80 1.02 1.30 (%) - - - 0.64 0.44 0.27 0.13 75 1.07 2.77 3.53 3.98 4.49 60 15 a 25.7 34.0 50.7 64.0 80.1 60 b 17.7 20.1 17.8 20.7 23.2 c 5.6 5.3 5.6 4.8 4.3 80 50 64 d 6.4 10.9 15.0 15.7 15.6 a) 60 y + / <15. b) 60 y + / 15-59. c) 15-59/60+. d) 80 + / 50-64 :United Nations (2005): World Population Prospects. The 2004 Revision. Volume II. Sex and Age distribution of the World Population. New York 2005 Hernández [2009] 5 1980 1 4 5 1 24

3 1980 9 5 4 1 10 20 8 5 1 10 2 5 50 2008 12 90 18 Mesa-Lago [2000: 338] Mesa-Lago [2003: 95] 3 2 () 6 5 5 7

2001 3 3 1 60 2 = 1 8 1 Durán Gondar and Chávez Negrín [1997] 1 Durán Gondar [1997] 4 ( ) Durán Gondar [1997] Durán Gondar [1997] 1979 2008 2 5 20 8 385 99 12

Ley No.105 2000 [2003] [2003] CPA () 12 5 60 55 65 60 55 60 30 50 60 30 1 2 25 1 1 5 5 60 65 30 9 1981 60 6 2002 60

(%) 15 + 55-59 60-64 65 + 1970 75.7 81.1 63.1 24.5 1981 71.2 86.9 60.2 17.8 2002 64.7 79.2 36.9 10.5 1970 80.4 84.2 69.3 33.5 1981 72.1 84.2 62.4 29.7 2002 66.1 79.1 38.5 19.6 1970 22.4 14.4 7.9 2.1 1981 37.5 20.5 8.7 2.0 2002 38.4 28.0 10.5 1.2 1970 10.4 5.9 3.8 1.4 1981 20.0 10.0 4.5 2.0 2002 21.9 15.2 4.7 1.0 (1) Hogares de Ancianos, Asilos de Ancianos, Círculos de Abuelos, Casas de Abuelos (2) (3) Hogares de AncianosAsilos de Ancianos Casas de Abuelos 51998 2005 Casas de Abuelos 74 86 2 2 2

Círculos de Abuelos Consejo Popular 2000 Central de Trabajadores de Cuba: CTC Cátedra Universitaria de Adultos Mayores 1999 Universidad para Todos 2000 Encuentro Nacional de Adultos Mayores 20

Centro de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Sociólogas: CIPS 1996 97 () 10 60 60 74 75 1 FMCCDR 6 Durán Gondar [2002]2008

1959 Círculos de Abuelos 8 8 9 4 6 2004 2007 4 2 1.2 0.6 Salas-del Valle [2008] (1) (2) (3) 10 2000 30 1100 16 3 20 30-30 985-28 675-35 429-33 348-35 276-32 811

20 30 1 5 2008 11 6 2007 57 65 70

2008 Durán Gondar, Alberta [2002] El envejecimiento y la familia cubana, mimeo, Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO). [2000], La familia y el apoyo social al adulto mayor en Cuba, conference paper for LASA congress at Miami. Durán Gondar, Alberta, and Ernesto Chávez Negrín [1997], La tercera edad en Cuba: un acercamiento sociodemográfico y sociopsicológico, Informe de investigación de la primera etapa de la tarea: lugar de la tercera edad en la familia y su incidencia en el ejercicio de las funciones familiars, La Habana: Centro de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Sociólogas (CIPS). Hernández Castellón, Raúl [2009], "Transición demográfica y envejecimiento," Chapter 7. in Cuba: poblacion y desarrollo, La Habana: Editorial Ciencias Sociales, forthcoming. Mesa-Lago, Carmelo [2003], Economía y bienestar social en Cuba a comienzos del siglo XXI, Madrid: Editorial Colibrí. [2000], Market, Socialist, and Mixed Economies: Comparative Policy and Performance Chile, Cuba, and Costa Rica, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University

Press. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas (ONE) [2008a], Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2007, La Habana: Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. ( ) http://www.one.cu/aec2007/esp/03_tabla_cuadro.htm [2008b] Anuario demográfico de Cuba 2007, La Habana: Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas ( ) http://www.one.cu/anuariodemografico2007.htm [2008c] Censo 2002, La Habana: Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas ( ) http://www.one.cu/sitioone2006.asp Salas-del Valle, de, Hans [2008], Not Going Away: Cuban Mass Migration to Florida, Focus on Cuba, Issue 95, May 20, 2008. http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/main.htm Yamaoka, Kanako [2005], Has Socialism Contributed to Gender Role Changes?: A Comparison of Gender Roles in Cuba and Japan, Mayumi Murayama ed., Gender and Development: The Japanese Experience in Comparative Perspective, London: Palgrave Macmillan. [2005]22 2 http://www.ide.go.jp/japanese/publish/periodicals/latin/pdf/220107.pdf [2003] No.531

1 revenge 2 Yamaoka[2005] [2005] 3 Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias: FAR 1959 4 10 5 2008 4 30 2002 261 2007 408 1 24 1 20 6 7 1991 43,646 2007 34,559 8 BBC 2008 4 27 2008 4 27 http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/americas/7370304.stm 9 2009 1 5 10 1 5

11,121,694 3,526,210 488,523 1,912,557 1,003,340 1,285,131 121,790 142,386 3,340,074 488,523 488,523 488,523 - - - - - - 4,430,812 1,743,270-1,372,131 334,240 228,084 36,899 20,705 1,620,920 4,583,833 1,064,150-524,599 484,853 687,880 54,698 67,271 1,279,750 1,189,251 189,352-15,226 152,111 287,470 22,015 38,099 340,795 260,952 31,429-560 25,768 62,213 5,101 11,492 74,265 10 168,323 9,486-41 6,368 19,484 3,077 4,819 24,344 60 60 60 : 1 2 3 3,526,210 2,321,891 1,204,319 814,536 361,642 28,141 488,523 329,643 158,880 158,880 - - 1,743,270 1,181,153 562,117 346,857 205,677 9,583 1,064,150 715,483 348,667 234,861 102,566 11,240 189,352 81,520 107,832 59,395 43,125 5,312 31,429 10,859 20,570 11,173 7,975 1,422 10 9,486 3,233 6,253 3,370 2,299 584

45.0 33.3 21.7 76.9 15.4 7.7 36.2 38.3 25.5 20.0 31.7 48.3 46.2 23.1 30.8 12.8 34 53.2 60.0 25.0 15 92.3-7.7 51.1 31.9 17 61.7 21.7 16.7 61.5 7.7 30.8 61.7 25.5 12.8 70.0 21.7 8.3 92.3-7.7 63.8 27.7 8.5 26.7 31.7 41.7 76.9 7.7 15.4 12.8 38.3 48.9 50.0 23.3 26.7 76.9 7.7 15.4 42.6 27.7 29.8 65.0 13.3 21.7 76.9 7.7 15.4 61.7 14.9 23.4 46.7 30.0 23.3 69.2 15.4 15.4 40.4 34 25.5-1.7 1.7 - - - - 2.1 2.1 Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas y Psicológicas (CIPS1997(

85.0 13.3 1.7 - - 92.3 7.7 - - - 83.0 14.9 2.1 - - 93.3 5.0 1.7 - - 92.3 7.7 - - - 93.6 4.3 2.1 - - 93.3 5.0 1.7 - - 92.3 7.7 - - - 93.6 4.3 2.1 - - 91.7 6.7 1.7 - - 92.3 7.7 - - - 91.5 6.4 2.1 - - 95.0 3.3 1.7 - - 100.0 - - - - 93.6 4.3 2.1 - - 96.7 1.7 1.7 - - 92.3 7.7 - - - 97.9-2.1 - - 70.0 6.7 1.7 3.3 18.3 92.3 - - - 7.7 63.8 8.5 2.1 4.3 21.3 56.7 26.7 8.3 8.3-61.5 23.1-15.4-55.3 27.7 10.6 6.4-60.0 5.0 6.7 8.3 20.0 38.5-15.4 23.1 23.1 66.0 6.4 4.3 4.3 19.1 61.7 1.7 3.3 13.3 20.0 53.6 - - 23.1 23.1 63.8 2.1 4.3 10.6 19.1 68.3 15.0 8.3 8.3-61.5 23.1-15.4-70.0 12.8 10.6 6.4-68.3 10.0 3.3 10.0 8.3 30.8 15.4-23.1 30.8 78.7 8.5 4.3 6.4 2.1 53.3 5.0 3.3 20.0 18.3 46.2 7.7-30.8 15.4 55.3 4.3 4.3 17.0 19.1 91.7 3.3-3.3 1.7 84.6 7.7-7.7-93.6 2.1-2.1 2.1 58.3 5.0 10.0 20.0 6.7 61.5-7.7 23.1 7.7 57.4 6.4 10.6 19.1 6.4 73.3 6.7 13.3 3.3 3.3 69.2 7.7 15.4-7.7 74.5 4.3 14.9 2.1 4.3 88.3 1.7 6.7-3.3 84.6-7.7-7.7 89.4 2.1 6.4-2.1 71.7 3.3 1.7 23.3-69.2 15.4-15.4-72.3-2.1 25.5-70.0 1.7 3.3 23.3 1.7 61.5 7.7 7.7 23.1-72.3-2.1 23.4 2.1 95.0 1.7 3.3 - - 100.0 - - - - 93.6 2.1 4.3 - - Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas y Psicológicas (CIPS1997(

1.7 10.0 88.3 - - 15.4 84.6-2.1 8.5 89.4-81.7 11.7 6.7-92.3-7.7-78.7 14.9 6.4-65.0 15.0 20.0-92.3 7.7 - - 57.4 17.0 25.5-36.7 23.3 38.3 1.7 38.5 7.7 53.6-36.2 27.7 34.0 2.1 11.7 45.0 43.3-15.4 53.6 30.8-10.6 42.6 46.8-38.3 30.0 31.7-46.2 30.8 23.1-36.2 29.8 34.0-51.7 15.0 33.3-76.9 7.7 15.4-44.7 17.0 38.3-8.3 8.3 81.7 1.7 7.7-84.6 7.7 8.5 10.6 80.9-15.0 25.0 41.7 18.3 15.4 30.8 46.6 7.7 14.9 23.4 40.4 21.3 8.3 3.3 88.3-7.7 15.4 76.9-8.5-91.5-23.3 11.7 65.0-23.1 15.4 61.5-23.4 10.6 66.0-6.7 31.7 61.7-7.7 15.4 76.9-6.4 36.2 57.4 - - 13.3 86.7 - - 7.7 92.3 - - 14.9 85.1 - - 20.0 80.0 - - 15.4 84.6-2.1 21.3 76.6-1.7 13.3 85.0 - - 7.7 92.3-2.1 14.9 83.0-20.0 30.0 50.0-23.1 30.8 46.2-19.1 40.4 40.4-68.3 18.3 13.3-61.5 15.4 23.1-70.2 19.1 10.6-6.7 3.3 90.0-7.7 7.7 84.6-6.4 2.1 91.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas y Psicológicas (CIPS1997(

60 75 76 60.0 61.5 59.6 54.5 66.7 66.7 53.6 70.2 57.6 77.8 81.7 100.0 76.6 81.8 81.5 41.7 38.5 42.6 51.5 29.6 80.0 92.3 76.6 72.7 88.9 Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas y Psicológicas (CIPS1997(