Ⅰ－１ - PDF 無料ダウンロード

New Intellectual Property Policy for Pro-Innovation Intellectual Property System as Global Infrastructure

1 1 2 2 6

I. A. B. 1 2 C. WIPO D. 8

(1) (2) IT WIPO 9

I-1 WIPO Patent Report 2007 I-2 13

I-3 3 7 15

I-4 WIPO Statistics Database SIPO Website http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo/sjzx/ PCT (2003 I-5 20002001 72001930 16

I-6 WIPO Statistics DatabaseSIPO Website http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo/sjzx/ I-7 19

I-8 I-9 20

I-10 24

I-11 WIPO Statistics DatabaseSIPO Website http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo/sjzx/ I-12 WIPO Statistics Database 25

32 1 1 1

1 1 2 2 PCIIP PCT ISA/IPEA () 2 PCT PPH () 2 PCIIP PPH () 2 2 2 33

2 2 2 2 I-13 IT 34

I-14 (*1) (*2) WIPO PCT WIPO WIPO *1: 1983 *2: 520075 35

ASEAN BRICs VISTA WIPO PCTWIPO SHARE JP-FIRST WIPO I-15 36

I-16 1 2 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 1 1 37

A. R&D 1 B. 2321 JP-FIRST 38

39 STEP 1 200810 23 2 1 STEP 3 3 1986 STEP 2 2 1 2 200810 JP-FIRST

I-17 2005, 2006200711PCT 30 20072000 631 I-18 I-17I-18 42

I-19 43

2 IT () 2 2 2 1 2 1 47

2 2 I-20 1986 48

1 51

A. B. 1985WIPO20 1991 2004WIPO4 20054 18 C. WIPO D. PCT 52

6 6 PCTPCT 3 53

55 1

56 I-21 I-22 IT

57 2

1 2 59

60 () EU I-23 18 EC EPO EPC 20085 - - 2007 200797 18 IT G8 076EU07 6G8 087 076EU 074 WIPO

A. B. (A) C. WIPO (i) (ii) WIPO WIPOUNCTAD ASEAN ASEAN 61

1 64

I-24 WIPO Patent Report 2007 I-25 % 100 90 % 100 90 20000 80 70 20000 80 70 60 60 50 50 10000 40 10000 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2000-2001 2005-2006 % 100 % 100 90 90 20000 80 20000 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 10000 40 10000 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 65

I-26 WIPO UNCTAD 1970 WTO/TRIPS WIPO MFN 2778 WHO UNEP/SCBD/ EPA/FTA TRIPSTRIPS FAO 70 B+ UNESCO UNPFIIUPOVUNCSDUNDPUNUOHCHRWB IFAD IT PCT 2007 : PCT138200711 WIPO LDC WIPO11 2500 ASEAN USPTOIP EUEPOEPO ARIPO EUCISASEAN

2 WIPO WIPO () 2 2 2 74

I-27 ASEAN ASEANASEAN ASEANASEAN ASEAN ASEAN (JACIP) I. ASEAN(JACIP) JACIPJPO ASEAN20042010ASEAN II. JACIPJPO ()ASEAN ASEANITASEAN () ()ITASEAN ASEANASEAN ASEANJACIP WIPOAEM-METIJICA LDC WIPOWIPO LDC 0.8 WIPO 1.1 20 20WIPO 1.8 LDC WIPO189 LDC G8TICADLDC 75

II. A. B. C. D. 76

1. 77

16 SURVEYS: PATENTS AND TECHNOLOGY. The arms race. The Economist, Oct. 20, 2005. 78 17 Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers, 2006. 18

II-1 R&D II-2 10 10 R&D Bessen and Meurer, Patent Failure (2008) Bessen and Meurer, Patent Failure (2008) R&DUS 79 1 Patent Failure Bessen, James and Meurer, Michael. Patent Failure: How Judges, Bureaucrats and Lawyers Put Innovators at Risk, 2008.

2 80

"The Congress shall have power to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries" (U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 8). 82

II-6 1930 1980 2000 1787 88 1790 1802 1859 1865 1880 1906 19141918 1929 1940s 1952 19391945 1958 19601975 19691977 1973,1979 1979 1979 1980 1982 CAFC 1984 1985 1986 GATT TRIPS 1988 1994 GATT TRIPS95 1999 84 2003 (FTC) 2004 (NAS) 21 1850 Hotchkiss 1941 Cuno 1949 Jungersen 1966 Graham 4 1966 Brenner 1972 Benson 1980 Chakrabarty 1981 Diehr 1998 State Street Bank CAFC 2003 Festo 2006 ebay 2007 KSR

(1787) (useful arts) (1859) (1940s) 1940 (1958) 1958 (1979/1) (1980) CAFC()(1982) CAFC (1984) 85 (1985) GATT (1988) 301 301 TRIPS GATT (1995) TRIPS1995 (WTO) (1999) 19944 (FTC) (2003/10) 300 USPTO 3 18 (NAS) 21 (2004/4) 4 FTC Innovate America (2004/12) R&D

1 86

1 1 92

II-12 93

II-13 (1) (2) (2) 287c (1)(2) 94

II-14 Trilateral Statistical Report http://www.trilateral.net/tsr/ 95

II-15 (**) 72% (1-1-1:66%, 2-2-2:6%) 79% 80% 84% 1 1 96

2 97

II-18 II-17 98

II-19 99

100

II-21 (*) 101

II-22 102

II-23 2006 11 4 103

104

II-24 105

106

1 107 2 2 2

2 2 2 108

109

1 110

111

112

113

114

II-25 Act: Plan: Check: Do: PDCA 115

116

A. B. C. 117

( 20073) () () 650 ( ) () PJ 2008/1 118

1 2 119

, Economic Report of the President, 2006 120

121

122

2 2 2 2 2 2 123

124

125

. A. B. C. 126

127

128

1 129

130

1 1 2 2 131

132

Intellectual Ventures LLC) Nathan Myhrvold Patent Defense Fund Invention Development Fund I IV IV Rebecca Buckman, Patent Firm Lays Global Plans: Intellectual Ventures Is Seeking $2 Billion As Strategy Shifts, Wall Street Journal, November 12, 2007 Nicholas Varchaver, Who s afraid of Nathan Myhrvold?: The giants of tech, that s who. And they have a nasty name for the former Microsoft honcho: patent troll, Fortune, June 26, 2006 Dan Farber, Nathan Myhrvold: Invention capitalist, ZD Net.com, April 19, 2006 Nathan Myhrvold, Inventors Have Rights, Too!, Wall Street Journal, March 30, 2006 Testimony of Nathan Myhrvold, A hearing before the Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Perspectives on Patents: Post-Grant Review Procedures and Other Litigation Reforms, May 23, 2006 Voracious venture, Economist, October 20, 2005 Testimony of Nathan Myhrvold, Patent Quality and Improvement before the Subcommittee on the Courts, the Internet and Intellectual Property, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Congress of the United States, April 28, 2005 () 133

2 2 134

135

A. B. C. 136

2 ( ) () () () 1 3 4 137

138

23 139

UFJ 200 800 140

2 Utek Utek IP IP 141

142

1 2 143

1 144

() () (20079)(20056)2 145

146 2

1 2 147 2 2

148

149

150

151

() The European Commission, Commission initiates formal proceedings against Qualcomm, http://europa.eu/rapid/pressreleasesaction.do?reference=memo/07/389&format=html&aged=0&language=en&guilangu age=en () The European Commission, Commission ensures compliance with 2004 Decision against Microsoft, http://europa.eu/rapid/pressreleasesaction.do?reference=ip/07/1567&format=html&aged=0&language=en&guilanguage =en 2 152

A. B. C. ) D. CPR 153

() () 1. 2. () / 3. ()2006 () ( ) () DerwentWorldPatentIndex(19852007 154

155 2

156

2 Derwent World Patent Index(19852007 42 58 59 41 157

1 2 158 25

26 159

160

161

1 162

1 2 2 163

164

1 165

2 2 1 166

167

A. B. C. 168

3. () 1. 2. 169

170

171

172

B C 173

174

1 175

A. B. C. 176

1. 2. () ( ) 3. ( ) 4. 177

1 178 29

179

180

1 181

60,638 773 40,880 2 29,305 36 12,032 13,841 6,672 50,721 82,167 20,228 27,580 5,432 1,544 6,482 16,253 12,672 4,224 2,496 6,113 1,220 13,798 71,664 13,816 60,638 773 40,880 2 29,305 36 12,032 13,841 6,672 50,721 82,167 20,228 27,580 5,432 1,544 6,482 16,253 12,672 4,224 2,496 6,113 1,220 13,798 71,664 13,816 182

1 2 183

110 JETRO 08 2500 27 23 2010 184

185

186

187

ACTA, 64 ASEAN, 31, 71, 73 B+, 66, 68 CBD, 67 EPA, 66, 68 GATT, 66 JP-FIRST, 29, 46 PCT, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 57, 58, 114, 116 R&D, 10, 11, 14, 17, 40, 41, 49, 80 TRIPs, 111 WTO, 66, 67, 69, 32, 64, 66, 69, 73, 64, 69, 71, 73, 67, 68, 4, 5, 83, 126, 161, 184, 132, 138, 142, 4, 5, 10, 26, 28, 45, 49, 112, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 141, 142, 144, 146, 152, 155, 158, 161, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183 Open Source Software, 89, 144, 158, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 4, 8, 10, 12, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 57, 95, 97, 49, 50, 51, 113, 143, 155, 156, 158, 162, 165, 10, 11, 17, 54, 55, 57, 58, 28, 30, 40, 50, 54, 55, 57, 97, 1, 6, 10, 78, 79, 109, 168, 170, 174, 175, 119, 121, 122, 123, 67, 69, 26, 27, 31, 32, 72, 57, 58, 59, 181, 49, 50, 51, 112, 122, 164, 165, 166, 158, 163, 174, 4, 54, 55, 57, 59, 44, 45, 46, 11, 14, 40, 41, 166, 5, 26, 29, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 22, 49, 50, 51, 110, 112, 138, 156, 165, 166, 181, 59, 63, 68, 71, 72, 73, 104, 106, 107, 108, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 95, 97, 104, 40, 46, 14, 15, 44, 47, 48, 50, 81 188

, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 80, 83, 86, 97, 101, 107, 114, 156, 29, 11, 40, 78, 128, 129, 72, 73, 74, 66, 67, 69, 54, 55, 57, 58, 96, 11, 54, 27, 29, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 141, 142, 47, 57, 58, 38, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51, 63, 64, 68, 72, 138, 64, 73, 170, 174, 175, 63, 64, 68, 71, 72, 161, 26, 44, 57, 78, 82, 121, 122, 131, 133, 146, 149, 152, 29, 30, 31, 33, 45, 46, 97, 4, 5, 17, 18, 21, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 63, 64, 72, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 95, 97, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 122, 123, 146, 158, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 96, 66, 68, 104, 106, 18, 86, 144, 5, 78, 80, 81, 83, 117, 119, 121, 122, 123, 131, 134, 143, 180, 55, 5, 78, 80, 81, 87, 95, 98, 104, 105, 107, 110, 112, 80, 122, 133, 146, 147, 4, 5, 76, 78, 81, 95, 104, 105, 109, 119, 158, 4, 6, 55, 110, 66, 69, 67, 22, 63, 64, 72, 64, 46, 31, 138, 172, 175, 9, 15, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 57, 64, 72, 73, 95, 97, 114, 122, 156, 165 189