1 3 3 1 1.. N p N [1] p N N (1) 3. 1.1 p 1. 1.3 N N 1.3 1.4 [ (8) ] 1.1 i i = 1 i () 1 1 s = 1 ( i ; ) (3) s s s = vu u t 1 ( i ; ) (4) 1 1-1-15 1
1. i y y = i = 1 + + + N = (5) y y i i y = @y @ 1 1 + @y @ + + @y = 1 s +1 s +1 s = s @ y s y y y s y y q s y = s y = p s i s y i p 1.3 = p s (6) i = 1 i = 1 f 1 + + + N g @ @ @ = 1 + + + @ 1 @ @ 1 1 1 = s + s + + s = = 1 s ( 1 ) s s s s = q r r 1 1 s = s = s (7)
i s i 1= p (7) 3 1.4 N p N i 1 i 1 =1 i 1 1 a 1 1 8 8 6 4 6 4 1 i 1 i Figure 1: i =1 =4 Figure : i =1 =1 1 i = 1 i = 1 (a 1+(1 ; a) ) = a: a i =1(1 ; a) i = s s = 1 ( i ; ) = 1 ( i ; a) = 1 i ha(1 ; a) + (1 ; a)( ; a) = 1 a(1 ; a)[(1 ; a)+a] = a(1 ; a) (8) 1 a =:4 a =:1 s =:4 s =:9 s a s EGS5 EGS EGS5 EGSrc ucaicgv.f EGS5 ucaicgv A.1 A. 3 [] = [3] = = p () [4] s = s= p 3
s = q a(1 ; a) (9) s a s 3 a = a =1 (6) i y p (8) s y = p s = p = = q q a(1 ; a) a(1 ; a) q y(1 ; a) y q y(1 ; a) (1) 1 y(1 ; a) [] 1 ; a ' 1 y p y (11) (1) (1) 4 (1) 1 3 (1) (11) =1 a s y 4 (1 ; a) a =:5 5 5 5 71 (11) a r 1 a(1 ; a) (1) 1.5 (3) s s ( ; 1)= i = 1 ( i ; ) (13) (13) (13) (3) 1= 1=( ; 1) ^ = 1 ( i ; ) (14) ; 1 4 1 Na(1 ; a) [] (Momet Geeratig Fuctio) 4
1.8 sqrt(a) sqrt(a(1-a)) 1 8 sqrt(a) sqrt(a(1-a)) =1.6.4 6 w v 4...4.6.8 1 Figure 3: s..4.6.8 1 Figure 4: y s y ^ [] [3] ; 1 (3) (4) (3) (13) (14) RAND() (,1) 1 1 1 (3) s s 1 (.5) (13) 1 =1 =1 Z 1 ( ; :5) d = Z :5 ;:5 y dy = " y 3 3 # :5 ;:5 = 1 3 (1 8 ; ;1 8 )= 1 1 5 (3) s s (13) 1=1 s 1 ;1 1 ;1 s [(14) ^ ] s ^ (14) (13) 1 ( i ; ) = 1 = 1 ( i ; + ; ) ( i ; ) + 1 X i ( ; ) + ( i ; )( ; ) (15) 3 ( i ; ) i " # " # " # 1 1 1 X E ( i ; ) = E ( i ; ) + E ( ; ) i (16) 5
(13) ( ) 1 (3) ( =) = + (16) (13) (14) " # 1 X = E ( i ; ) + i " # X ( ; 1) = E ( i ; ) i " # 1 X = E ( i ; ) ; 1 () [] = E h^ i i.1 NaI p 6 1 p (1 ; p) ( +1) ( ; ) (1 ; p) (;) 1 ( +1) ( ; ) p (1 ; p) (;) C =!!( ; )! f() = C p (1 ; p) ; (17) =1p =:4 (17) 7 f() P f() (a + b) =!!( ; )! a; b 6
a b p q p + q =1=1= P f() f() = 1 E[] E[] = E[]= = f() C p q 1;!!( ; )! p q ; = =1 E[] = =1!!( ; )! p q ; = z = ; 1, j = ; 1 E[] = jx = p p =1! ( ; 1)!( ; )! p q ; = j! z!(j ; z)! pz q j;z = p (18) 1 V [] jx V [] = E[ ] ; E[] E[ ] E[ ] = = = =1 C p q ;!!( ; )! p q ; =! ( ; 1)!( ; )! p q ;! ( ; 1)!( ; )! p q ; = =1! ( ; 1)!( ; )! p q ; j! z!(j ; z)! pz q j;z (18) (19)! ( ; 1)!( ; )! p q ; = =1 z = ; 1, j = ; 1 E[ ] = p = p jx jx j!(z +1) z!(j ; z)! pz q j;z j!z z!(j ; z)! pz q j;z + p jx j! z!(j ; z)! pz q j;z jp (= 1) E[ ] = p jp + p = ( ; 1)p + p V [] = E[ ] ; E[] = ( ; 1)p + p ; (p) = p(1 ; p) =pq 7
. ; f() = e! = p 1 8 (=1,p=.4), (=,p=.) (=4,p=.1) 3 =4 p = p p e e = 1+ + 1! + 1 3! 3 ::: =! ; e! = e;! = e; e =1 E[] = ; e! = e ; ( ; 1)! =1 = E[] = =1 e ; ;1 ( ; 1)! = e; =1 ;1 ( ; 1)! j = ; 1 E[] = e ; j= j j! e E[]=e ; e = E[ ]= f() = ; e! E[ ]= ; e! = =1 8 e ; ( ; 1)! =1
z = ; 1 E[ ] = = (z +1)e ; z+1 z! ; z ze z! + = ; z e z! (z +1)e (= ) (=1).3 E[ ] = + V [] = E[ ] ; E[] = + ; = f() = ( ) 1 ( ; ) p ep ; 9 p =:5 = p 1 = p ; z z! 3 1 (,y) ( 1,y 1 ), (,y ), ( 3,y 3 ) 3 y = a + b( ; ) y d 1, d, d 3 a b d 1 d 3 d 1 d 3 S d 1 = y 1 ; y 1 = y 1 ;fa + b( 1 ; )g d = y ; y = y ;fa + b( ; )g d 3 = y 3 ; y 3 = y 3 ;fa + b( 3 ; )g S = d 1 + d + d 3 = fy 1 ; a ; b( 1 ; )g + fy ; a ; b( ; )g + fy 3 ; a ; b( 3 ; )g = fy 1 + y 3 + y 3 g +3a + b f( 1 ; ) +( ; ) +( 3 ; ) g;a(y 1 + y + y 3 ) ;bfy 1 ( 1 ; )+y ( ; )+y 3 ( 3 ; )g +abf( 1 ; )+( ; )+( 3 ; )g ab f g S S = A +3a + b B ; ac ; bd () A = y + 1 y + y 3 B = ( 1 ; ) +( ; ) +( 3 ; ) C = (y 1 + y + y 3 ) D = y 1 ( 1 ; )+y ( ; )+y 3 ( 3 ; ) 9
() a b S a b S @S @a @S @b = 6a ; c = a = c 3 = Bb ; D = b = D B (1) () (1) () 3 a = y (3) b = [8] P y i ( i ; ) P ( i ; ) (4) 4 1. 1 (a) i. 1 =1 3 = 7 ii. 3 1 7 iii. A1 A3 1A31 A1 (b) i. (8) (9) ii. (1) (1) iii. (1) (c) A1 A1 var stdev (d). 1 (a) i. 1 a ii. <r<1 r 1 r <a 1 1 iii. (b) i. (8) (9) ii. (1) (1) iii. (1) 1
(c) var stdev (d) 3. 3 (3) (13) (14) (a) 1 (1 <<11) (3) (13) (14) (b) (14) [] 4. (a) =1, p=.4 7 (b) 8 3 (c) 9 5. (,y) 4 (a) ( 1 y 1 ) ( 3 y 3 ) 874913 ( 1 y 1 )=(1 3), ( y )=(4 7), ( 3 y 3 )=(8 9). (b) (1) () (3) (4) a b (c) ( 1 y 1 ) ( 3 y 3 ) y = a + b( ; ) 6. (a) (b) (c) Refereces [1] 1 (1). [] 3 (7). [3] P.G., (1981). [4] \"" 3 ", 5, 54-6 (1-6). [5].8. [6] 3 (198), 3. [7] (1979), 3. [8] HP. http://szksrv.isc.chubu.ac.jp/lms/lms1.html [9],EGS5 (ucaicgv.f) NaI (Apr 16 9). 11
A A.1 ucaicgv.f EGS5 ucaicgv.f KEK NaI [9] ucaicgv.f MCNP N i i : i : s = 1 N ; 1 NX = 1 N NX ( i ; ) ' ; ( = 1 N i (5) NX i ): (6) s = 1 N s ' 1 N [ ; ] (7) s ' [ 1 N ( ; )] 1= (8) A. ucaicgv.f Shower call loop if(depe.ge.ekei*.999) the pefs=pefs+wti pefs=pefs+wti ed if ekei depe 1 if pefs step 9 avpe=pefs/cout pefs=pefs/cout sigpe=dsqrt((pefs-avpe*avpe)/cout) avpe pefs cout=1, wti=1, pefs=378, pefs=378 pefs 1 pefs pefs avpe=.378, pefs=.378, sigpe=4.8e-3 37:8 :48% 1
B B.1 Table 1: Google Error for the sample 3,5, Stadard error of mea 78, 656, 416, 97, Error for the sample mea 118, 7,4 45,6 8,5 7, 4,5 Google 1 Wikipedia HP [3] 5 [5] [6, 7] B. 5 13
14
Ê.1.8.6.4. σ 1/1 (-1)/ * (1/1) M 4 6 8 1 Figure 5: ppp p qqq q (-) f.3.5..15 PRÊ Figure 6:.1 p q.5 (-) 4 6 8 1 Figure 7: =1, p=.4 15
.3 f.5 PR PR PR QKUUQPλ..15.1.5 4 6 8 1 Figure 8: f.16.14.1 PR QKUUQPλ )CWUUμσ@ )CWUUμσ@.1.8.6.4. 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 Figure 9: 16
y 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 ( 1,y 1 ) d 1 d (,y ) ( 3,y 3 ) d 3 y'=a+b(-_av) 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 Figure 1: 17