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2 No.128 Nosocomial infection, Hospital-acquired infection CDC nosocomial infection, hospital-acquired infection nosocomial nosokomeion hospital nosocomial infection nosocomial pneumonia community-acquired infection opportunistic infectionoccupational infection compromized host HIVhuman immunodeficiency virus MRSA
3 No.133 Patients Health-care workers Health-care workers family health-care workers health-care workers family
Protect Your Family! Reduce Contamination at Home! Notices to readers NIOSH guidelines for protecting the safety and health of health-care workers http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001649.htm Protect your family-reduce contamination at home http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/thttext.html
4EBM EBM No.136
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7 No.139
75 9 21 0 VRE75 9 VRE21 0 Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings- Supplemental http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/download/hand_hygiene_supplement_minus_notes.pdf
8 Colonization versus Infection No.145 colonycolonization infection http://kankyo.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp/envinst.html Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings- Supplemental http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/download/hand_hygiene_supplement_minus_notes.pdf Wenzel RP. Prevention and control of nosocomial infections. 4 th ed. p.511-512,2003
9 No.154
ICU, NICU, CCU X RI 10 No.149
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11 Sterilization versus Disinfection No.150 sterilization100 disinfection, antisepsis EBMQ&Ap.2, 522003 Wenzel RP. Prevention and control of nosocomial infections. 4 th ed. p.542-543,2003
1 CDCNNISJANIS CDCNNIS JANIS No.127 Centers of Disease Control and Prevention: CDC National Nosocomial Infection SurveillanceNNIS System National Institute of Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Surveillance Centerthe Japanese Nosocomial Infection Surveillance: JANIS CDC http://www.cdc.gov/default.htm http://idsc.nih.go.jp/index-j.html
2 No.224
3 No.129 Horan 19865180-12001000 33.5500 41.450033.8 22.2 4261 41.4 33.8 22.2 Horan TC, et al.: Nosocomial infection surveillance, 1984MMWR Surveillance Summaries 35SS-1;17-29, 1986.
4 No.130 Kim 20002.6% 10.7%Constantini 198726.9% 810%1230184024 653080 % 12 % 10 8 100 80 65% 80 % 6 60 4 2 40 20 10 % 30 % 40 % 0 0 ICU 0 8 12 18 24 30 Kim JM, et al.: Multicenter surveillance study for nosocomial infections in major hospitals in Korea. Am J Infect Control 28; 451-458, 2000 Constantini M, et al.: Hospital acquired infections surveillance and control in intensive care services, results of an incidence study. Eur J Epidemiol 3; 347-355, 1987
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MRSA PRSP PISP VRE VRSA 22001 http://idsc.nih.go.jp/index-j.html
6 No.140 10-12 1694224.9%12775.1%ICU MRSA16935 20.7%2716.0%158.9% 127.1% 116.5% http://idsc.nih.go.jp/index-j.html
1 200110-12 MRSA CNS PRSP E. Coli K. pneumonia K. oxytoca Enterobactee spp. Serratia marcescens Bacteroides fragilis P.aeruginosa Burk. cepacia Stenotroph. maltophilia Acinetobacter baumannii Candida spp.
7 Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: VAP No.142 % 60 40 13 42.4% % 40 30 28 % 20 19% 20 0 3.3% 10 6.5% 0 0 10 20 30 Constantini M, et al.: Hospital acquired infections surveillance and control in intensive care services, results of an incidence study. Eur J Epidemiol 3; 347-355, 1987 Fagon JY, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation: Prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139: 877-84. Tablan OC, et al. Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia: 1996 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/pneumonia/pneu_mmw.htm http://www.med.nagoya-u.ac.jp/bacteriology/index-j.html
CDC >65 3045 48 3045
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8 caterter-related bloodstream infection: CRBSI No.143 0 10 20 30 40 / 1000 National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. Nosocomial infection rates for interhospital comparison: Limitations and possible solutions. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 1991; 12: 609-21.
9 No.144 3.1% 18.4% 0 5 10 15 20 Constantini M, et al.: Hospital acquired infections surveillance and control in intensive care services, results of an incidence study. Eur J Epidemiol 3; 347-355, 1987
10 No.696 95(6), 1376-1379, 2005 Everett ED et al. : Transient bacteremia and endocarditis prophylaxis: a review. Medicine(Baltimore) 56: 61, 1977
11 No.658
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http://kankyo.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp/envinst.html APICp.2, 1997
2 No.152 leak 4-63%3-52% 85% 18% 30%
APICp.9, 1997 Korniewicz DM. Et al. Leakage of latex and vinyl exam gloves in high and low risk clinical settings. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1993 Jan;54(1):22-6. Wenzel RP. Prevention and control of nosocomial infections. 4 th ed. p.534-535,2003,p.82, 2003
3MRSA MRSA No.161 MRSA 57.1% 12.8% 3-6%5-9%MRSA MRSA
4 No.190
595 N95 No.169 No.739 N95 Particulate Respirator N 2 NNot to resistant to oil 0.385 95
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8 No.192 N95 2m 1m N95
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0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-0% 0.5% 0.9% 8.6% 11.0% 18.2% 43.7% 61.7% overall 13.4% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Paper mask Surgical mask N95 n=13 215% 2 0 0 n=241 16970% 26 51 92 p 0.0001 0.511 0.007 0.0004 431% 11748% 0.364 00% 8334% 0.006 1077% 22794% 0.047 00% 6929% 0.022 Surgical mask51 Seto WH. et.al Lancet 361, 1519-1520, 2003
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1m 2m 2 No.223
Avian influenza, Bird flu No.225
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3 No.198
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1 No.319 HBe2231 HBe 3.6 0.3 4
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