51 61 2008 McClelland A Theoretical Approach to Motive Concept in Motivation Study From the Viewpoint of McClelland's Theory Motoki MIZUNO Yujiro KAWATA Rei IIDA Masaki YAMAMOTO Shinji HIGASHI Tomoko UENO Yasuyuki YAMADA Miyuki SUGIURA Sumio TANAKA Abstract The psychology of motivation is a broad and loosely defined field. Furthermore, motivation is a basic psychological process. Few would deny that it is the most important focus of the micro organizational behavior. Traditionally, psychologists have not totally agreed on how to classify the various human motives, but they acknowledge that some motives are unlearned physiologically based. For that reason, it is difficult to comprehend a framework of motive concepts which can predict human behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to review the motive concept suggested by McClelland(1987), who is most closely associated with the study of achievement motive. Specifically, first we summarized up the measurement and concepts of motive, such as "measures of human motive dispositions", "achievement motive", "power needs", "affiliative motive" and "avoidance motive". In addition, we critically reviewed and discussed them in terms of the definitions of concepts. In conclusion, although we could grasp the implications of each motive concept, there were some ambiguities regarding McClelland's motive concepts. Thus, more elaborate conceptual regulation and detailed explanation of the connections to the concepts seem necessary in order to clarify the notion of motive concepts, because there are a number of motives which lie in a gray area from the viewpoint of human motivation described by McClelland. 51
(motivation) Robbins(1997) Vroom(1964) 1988 (stimulus)(response) (content theory) process theory) McClelland (cognition)(emotion) (need) Freud Hull Murray Maslow (need theory) Maslow Murray Maslow Murray (achievement motive) McClelland Atkinson Feather Litwin=Stringer McClelland McClelland 1987 Human Motivation 2005 52
motive dispositions McClelland demands incentives motive dispositions achievement motivation power motiveaffiliation motive avoidance motive aroused motivation McClelland TAT Freud Murray sensitivity uniqueness reliability validity-utility 53
McClelland McClelland TAT McClelland incentive drive incentive McClelland McClelland McClelland McClelland McClelland 54
McClelland McClelland Atkinson 50% Litwin 30~4050% 55 1987
Atkinson Mahone 80% McClelland Lasker McClelland McClelland McClelland Atkinson 56
Atkinson McClelland Veroff Uleman Winter Winter Atkinson 57
2 2 Winter A McClelland McClelland McClelland 58
McAdams intimacy motive McAdams=Powers 0.32 % S IgA S IgA McClelland McClelland McClelland 59
Atkinson 60
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