24 澱 粉科 学 第39巻 Fig. 1. Photomicrographs A, stamp 1.搗 1)餅 Fig,1に (LM)で type ; B, mixer type ; SEM, scanning of various electron Mochi. micrograph ; LM,

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23 Physical Characteristics of Mochi Nobuhiro NAGASHIMA Musashigaoka College (111-1, Minamiyoshimi, Yoshimimachi, Hikigun, Saitama, 355-01, Japan) The physical characteristics after aging of Mochi prepared by several methods were studied and the following results were obtained:., 1) Mochi prepared by stamping exhibited much of the initial rice grain structure, while that prepared by a power mixer was of a well-mashed paste form rather than rice grain tissue 2) The hardness of each type of Mochi measured by a rheolometer depended on the storage conditions : Mochi prepared by a mixer was softer than by stamping with no storage that prepared by a mixer was harder than by stamping after storing for 3 hr at 5 Ž., while. 3) The creep curves of Mochi measured by a rheoner could be explained by a six-element mechanical model consisting of Hookean body, two pairs of Voigt bodies and a Newtonean body. The shift factor-1/t relationship for Mochi stored at Ž resulted in two straight lines, a refraction point being observed at 50 Ž ; however, no such phenomenon was observed for Mochi stored at @ -20 Ž. 4) The cooking loss of Mochi stored at 5 Ž decreased with increasing storage time that of the Mochi stored at -20 Ž hardly changed. Mochi prepared by stamping showed a small cooking loss after storage at 5 and -20 Ž, respectively., while 5) The crystalline structure of raw glutinous rice could be classified as a type-a pattern although this pattern disappeared upon heating and was transformed into a type-b pattern after, storing at 5 Ž for one week. In the case of Mochi stored at -20 Ž, the crystallinity was never recovered. 6) The viscosity of Mochi measured by a Brabender viscograph after storing at 5 Ž showed a maximum value of 800 to 1000 B. U., while that stored at -20 Ž showed a maximum value of 200 to 300 B. U. The viscosity of the latter reached a peak after storing for 72 hr decreased with a further period of storage., and then

24 澱 粉科 学 第39巻 Fig. 1. Photomicrographs A, stamp 1.搗 1)餅 Fig,1に (LM)で type ; B, mixer type ; SEM, scanning of various electron Mochi. micrograph ; LM, light micrograph. な 組 織 細 胞 の 違 い が 物 性 に 大 き く影 響 す る もの と 考 え た. き 方 別 餅 生 地 の 物 理 的 性 質20,23,247 2)餅 生地 の組織構 造 走 査 型 電 子 顕 微 鏡(SEM)お 第1号(1992) 生 地 の テ ク ス チ ャー レオ ロ メ ー タに よ る餅 生 地 の テ ク ス チ ャ ー の 結 果 よび 光 学 顕 微 鏡 観 察 した 搗 き方 別 餅 生 地 の 一 例 を 示 した.餅 生 (Fig.2),硬 た.こ さ と粘 りは 冷蔵 保 存 の 経 過 と と も に増 加 し の うち 硬 さで は 調 製 直 後 は ス タ ンプ 式 が,保 存3 地 の 組 織 は 大 別 す る と糯 米 粒 組 織 の 残 存 部,こ れ ら米 粒 時 間 後 は 逆 に ミキ サ ー式 が 高 い 値 を 示 した.同 様 に 剪 断 細 胞 よ り流 出 した 澱 粉 ペ ー ス トお よび 調 製 時 に混 入 す る 強 度 の 測 定 を した 結 果,テ 気 泡 とか ら構 成 され て い る18).電 動 ス タ ンプ式 餅 生 地 は 傾 向 を示 し た.針 比 較 的 残 存 米 粒 が 多 く,そ の 粒 径 も大 きい こ と,電 動 ミ 搗 き方 別 を 問 わ ず 調 製 直 後 の 餅 生 地 は 針 入 度 が190ュ キ サ ー式 は 糯 米 粒 が 細 か く破 壊 され,残 ニ ッ ト,す な わ ち 生 地 の 厚 み の90%以 存 米粒の粒 径が クス チ ャ ー の 硬 さの 結 果 と同 入度 の 測 定 結 果 をFig.3に 示 した が, 上 の針 入 が あ 小 さ く,し か も米 粒 細 胞 か ら流 出 した 澱 粉 ペ ー ス トや 気 った.こ れ を 冷 蔵 保 存 した24時 間 後の餅生地 の針入度 泡 の 量 が 多 い こ とが 観 察 され た した が っ て,こ の よ う で は,い ず れ の 方 式 で も生 地 の 厚 み の20%以 下 まで激

Fig. 2. Texture of various Mochi by rheolometer. Fig. 3. Time course of penetration of Mochi at 20t.

Fig. 4. Effect of temperature on the Young's modulus and viscosity of Mochi (stamp type) stored at 5 Ž and-20 Ž.

Table 1. Apparent activation energy of Mochi. (kj/mol) Fig. 5. Time course of cooking loss of Mochi. The symbols are the same as those for Fig. 3.

Fig. 6, X-ray diffraction patterns of Mochi on storage at various temperatures.

Fig. 7. Brabender viscograms of Mochi on storage at various temperatures.

Am. J. Glin. Nutr., 32, 1636-1644 (1979). 6) M. MELLIS, R. 3ANDACEK et al.: Am. J. Gun. Nutr., 37, 339-346 (1983). 7) F. MATTSON, E. HOLLENBACH and C. KUEHL THAU : J. Nutr. 109, 1688-1693 (1979). 10) C. A. BERNHARDT : Food Tech. Int. Eur., 176-178 (1988). 11) D. GARDNER and R. SANDERS : J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 67, 788-796 (1990). 12) Food Chem. News, April 3, 23-24 (1989). 13) G. P. RIzzI and H. M. TAYLOR : J. Am. Oil Chem Soc., 55, 398-401 (1978). 14) U. S. Patent, 4, 517, 360 (1985). 15) J. Am. Oil Chem. Sac., 65, 1708-1712 (1988). 16) Inform, 2, 115-119 (1991).