(Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 19 : 189-199 (2014) 特集 2011 1 2 1 2 Revegetation of coastal plants damaged by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami Kohei Oka 1 and Yoshihiko Hirabuki 2 1 Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2 Faculty of Liberal Arts, Tohoku Gakuin University 2011 2 4 3 1 2 m 20 m Abstract: We examined the relationship between coastal plants and microtopography damaged by the Tohoku tsunami of 2011 in a sandy beach to coastal forest ecotone in Minami-Gamou region, near Sendai Bay, Japan. We surveyed three transects on sandy beach and one in coastal forest 28 months after the tsunami. Plant composition was similar between the coastal forest and sandy beach, but plant density was significantly higher in the forest than on the beach. Coastal plants likely established in the coastal forest from the seedbank or from rhizomes extending from the beach, as the ground underlying the coastal forest rose after the tsunami. Furthermore, alien herbs and shrubs dominated in the higher elevations of the coastal forest. This suggests that coastal vegetation will develop into forests in the future. Meanwhile, coastal plant diversity was high in the sandy beach depression zone, but this zone will be destroyed by sea wall development. Consequently, it is important to maintain diverse microtopography to conserve coastal plant diversity in this region. Keywords: coastal forest, ecotone, microtopography, sandy beach, seawall, vegetation succession 2012 2014 2014 1 731-5193 2-1-1 Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1, Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima 731-5193, Japan e-mail: k.oka.gw@cc.it-hiroshima.ac.jp 2014 2 8 2014 9 16 189
1 2010 2006 2013 2012 2013 Hayasaka et al. 2012 Fujiwara et al. 2012 調査地 1 Pinus thunbergii Parl. 2 1 3 125 m 2 m 20 m 2012 2009 3 31 Google earth 70 80 m 20 m m 調査測線の設置 2 3 125.5 126.5 m 1 190 m 190
植生調査 2.5 m 1 100 2013 7 11 13 微地形調査 1 2.5 m 295 m 2013 9 10 解析方法 4 2007 1983 BG Plants http://bean.bio.chiba-u.jp/bgplants/ylist_main.html 2014 1 8 Shannon- Wiener H Spearman 2 3 76 99 海岸林と海浜の出現種の比較 58 175 13 15 18 12 Robinia pseudoacacia L. 1 76 99 3 11 5 1 13 18 1 3.22 1.82 2.35 18.24 3.41 5.50 47.29 cm 5.21 11.35 cm 2 Carex kobomugi Ohwi Calystegia soldanella (L.) R.Br. 50.0 70.7 Carex pumila Thunb. Ixeris repens (L.) A.Gray 191
1 ± Scheffe P<0.01 1 2 3 3.22 ± 1.89 a 1.82 ± 1.27 b 1.97 ± 1.55 b 2.35 ± 1.60 ab 2.17 ± 0.90 a 0.26 ± 0.51 b 0.24 ± 0.43 b 0.52 ± 0.68 b 1.01 ± 1.03 a 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.03 ± 0.18 b 1.76 ± 1.20 a 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.00 ± 0.00 b 8.16 ± 2.27 a 2.08 ± 1.50 b 2.21 ± 1.74 b 2.90 ± 1.96 b 18.24 ± 20.07 a 3.41 ± 4.94 b 5.50 ± 10.26 b 3.97 ± 3.73 b 7.53 ± 6.52 a 0.26 ± 0.51 b 0.29 ± 0.63 b 1.23 ± 2.00 b 2.09 ± 3.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.03 ± 0.18 b 19.74 ± 23.39 a 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.00 ± 0.00 b 47.60 ± 22.05 a 3.67 ± 5.03 b 5.79 ± 10.60 b 5.23 ± 4.25 b 1.07 ± 0.78 a 0.71 ± 0.64 a 0.60 ± 0.62 a 1.00 ± 0.79 a H 2.10 ± 0.68 a 0.86 ± 0.72 b 0.75 ± 0.64 b 1.18 ± 0.86 b cm 47.29 ± 39.60 a 5.21 ± 6.03 b 5.82 ± 3.98 b 11.35 ± 8.58 b 76 34 34 31 Leymus mollis (Trin. ex Spreng.) Pilg. Linaria japonica Miq. Ischaemum anthephoroides (Steud.) Miq. Carex fibrillosa Franch. et Sav. Zoysia macrostachya Franch. et Sav. 7 Lathyrus japonicus Willd. Glehnia littoralis F.Schmidt ex Miq. Salsola komarovii Iljin Oenothera laciniata Hill Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist 81.6 82.9 Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker Festuca arundinacea Schrebr Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. Rumex japonicus Houtt. Miscanthus sinensis Andersson Artemisia indica Willd. var. maximowiczii (Nakai) H.Hara Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koele 3 60.5 10.91 植生と微地形の関係 195 m 295 m 4 295 m 35 cm rs=-0.70 P<0.001 295 m 3 120 m 5 6 7 3 192
2 P 5 χ 2 5 P Linaria japonica 23.7 0.68 5.1 0.24 0.001 Carex kobomugi 56.6 2.30 70.7 1.27 0.01 Calystegia soldanella 50.0 2.86 63.6 0.76 0.01 Carex pumila 43.4 8.89 15.2 1.09 0.001 Ixeris repens 34.2 0.99 16.2 0.28 0.01 Leymus mollis 32.9 1.04 8.1 0.36 0.001 Chenopodium acuminatum 21.1 0.24 11.1 0.13 0.01 Ischaemum anthephoroides 26.3 0.63 2.0 0.02 0.001 Carex fibrillosa 17.1 0.33 0.001 Zoysia macrostachya 11.8 0.20 1.0 0.03 0.01 Glehnia littoralis 8.1 0.08 - Lathyrus japonicus 5.3 0.08 - Salsola komarovii 3.0 0.03 - Festuca rubra L. var. rubra 2.6 0.03 - Oenothera laciniata 81.6 3.09 16.2 0.16 0.001 Conyza canadensis 82.9 3.54 0.001 Conyza sumatrensis 21.1 0.32 0.001 Cakile edentula 13.1 0.37 0.01 Festuca arundinacea 11.8 0.36 0.01 Sicyos angulatus 2.6 0.03 2.0 0.02 - Oenothera biennis 2.6 0.03 1.0 0.01 - Solidago altissima 2.6 0.03 - Erechtites hieraciifolius 2.6 0.03 - Phytolacca americana 2.6 0.05 - Anthoxanthum odoratum 1.3 0.01 - Bidens frondosa 1.3 0.01 - Erigeron annuus 1.3 0.01 - Equisetum arvense 2.6 0.03 - Miscanthus sinensis 18.4 0.57 0.001 Artemisia indica Willd. var. maximowiczii 14.5 0.63 0.001 Digitaria ciliaris 11.8 0.12 0.01 Sonchus oleraceus 10.5 0.11 - - Digitaria violascens 9.2 0.09 - Youngia japonica 9.2 0.22 - Rumex japonicus 3.9 0.04 1.0 0.01 - Xanthium orientale 1.0 0.01 Luzula capitata 5.3 0.08 - Liriope minor 3.9 0.04 - Commelina communis 2.6 0.03 - Lactuca indica 1.3 0.01 - Elymus tsukushiensis Honda var. transiens 1.3 0.01 - Chenopodium album 1.3 0.01 - Oxalis corniculata 1.3 0.04 - Petasites japonicus 1.3 0.04 - Lespedeza pilosa 1.3 0.01 - Ixeris japonica 1.3 0.01 - Cerasus jamasakura 2.6 0.11 - Pinus thunbergii 60.5 3.42 0.001 Robinia pseudoacacia 51.3 10.91 0.001 Paederia scandens 28.9 3.62 0.001 Coriaria japonica 18.4 1.49 0.001 Rosa luciae 3.9 0.07 - Parthenocissus tricuspidata 2.6 0.03 - Celastrus orbiculatus 2.6 0.05 - Broussonetia kazinoki 1.3 0.01 - Malus toringo 1.3 0.01 - Smilax china 1.3 0.01 - Carpinus laxiflora 1.3 0.01-193
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5 2 2009a http://www. slideshare.net/mizukitijp/ss-11625404 2014 1 10 1994 195
6 7 1984 Yano 1986 15 cm 2002 2cm 1993 10 cm 2011 2 cm 5 cm 2011 196
3 Spearman **P<0.001 *P<0.01 0.35 ** -0.10 0.26 * -0.49 ** -0.22-0.43 ** 0.67 ** -0.20 0.01-0.51 ** 0.13-0.19 0.65 ** 0.31 * 0.15-0.46 ** -0.19-0.17 0.75 ** 0.01 - -0.42 ** 0.49 ** - 0.76 ** 0.02 0.22-0.63 ** 0.04-0.42 ** 0.52 ** -0.12 0.43 ** -0.65 ** -0.47 ** -0.50 ** 0.67 ** 0.02-0.02-0.50 ** 0.12-0.19 0.64 ** 0.27 0.15-0.44 ** -0.08-0.17 0.74 ** -0.11 - -0.41 ** 0.52 ** - 0.79 ** -0.01 0.37 ** -0.67 ** -0.01-0.51 ** 0.20 * -0.11 0.19-0.30 ** 0.04-0.37 ** H 0.59 ** -0.14 0.14-0.49 ** 0.21-0.35 ** 4 Spearman **P<0.001 *P<0.01 0.21 0.33 * 0.02-0.06-0.14 - -0.41 ** -0.45 ** - -0.34 * -0.13 - -0.23-0.08-0.16 海浜植物の再生の将来予測 2 3 km 25 Ishizuka 1961, 1962 9 2011 2013 1982 防潮堤が海浜植物に与える影響 2013 197
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