3 16 2 27 4497

LAN(Local Area Network) OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 12 3 3 12 3 12 33. F/B 22.7dB 3 F/B i

1 1 2 3 8 2.1................................. 8 2.2............................. 1 2.2.1.......................... 1 2.2.2........................ 12 2.2.3................... 14 2.2.4 Port........................... 16 2.2.5..................... 18 2.2.6.................................. 2 3 3 22 3.1................................. 22 3.1.1.......................... 24 3.1.2.......................... 27 3.2............................. 29 3.2.1.......................... 29 3.2.2........................ 3 3.2.3................... 31 3.2.4 Port Short Pin.............. 32 3.2.5.................................. 33 3.3..................................... 37 4 44 45 46 ii

1 LAN LAN LAN (IEEE) IEEE 82.11 b IEEE 82.11 g IEEE 82.11 a 3 IEEE 82.11 b IEEE 82.11 g 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz ISM (Industry Science Medical band) Bluetooth IEEE 82.11 a 5 GHz 5 GHz OFDM OFDM IEEE 82.11 a 36 Mbps 54 Mbps 1.1 [1], [2] 1

Transmit Receive 1.1: 19 GHz LAN 1.2 [3]-[5] 15 3 12 15 1 14 3 17 F/B 2 db 6 [6] 6 1 3 F/B 1 db [7] 7 9 GHz 6 F/B 1 db 12 [8].2 λ.4 λ 2

refector Monopole Yagi-Uda 1.2: 12 [9]-[11] 19GHz LAN 1 2 6 6 6 4.4 λ MSAT(Mobile Satellite) [12], [13] 4 [14], [15] 9 4 F/B (Front to back raito) 6 [16]-[18] 3

1.3 6 6 2 2 F/B 5 Ω F/B F/B 15 db 6 6 1.83 λ Driven element Feed Point Parasitic element 1.3: 6 4

3 F [19] 1.4 F F λ/4 x F x F x x Inverted F Antenna Monopole z y x 1.4: F 5

1.5 12 3 1 5 Ω 1.6 3 Patch TLMA 1.5: 3 z 1 [dbi] -1 z 27-2 -3 9 x x 18 5Ω Terminal 1.6: Feed 6

2 12 3 1.5 12 CST Microwave Studio 7

2 3 3 2.1 2.1 12 Port 1 Patch 1 Port 2, 3 Patch 2, 3 Port 3 2.2 Patch1,2,3 rs 5 GHz rs 18 mm 1. mm 2.6 1.6 mm 8

Port2 Patch2 Port1 Port3 Patch1 Patch3 y z x 2.1: ps pin hs rs rs d -9 x 9 y rs=18mm pin=1.mm εr=2.6 t=1.6mm z x 2.2: 9

2.2 2.2 Port 1 ps hs d Port x Port 2.2.1 ps ps 8 mm 9 mm 1 mm 2.1 2.3 zx 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.1: hs x d Port 17. mm 3. mm 1. mm 5 Ω Return Loss [db] -1-2 -3 ps=4mm ps=45mm ps=5mm -4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Frequency [GHz] 2.3: 1

2 [dbi] 2 [dbi] 1 1-1 -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 4.72GHz 5.51GHz 2.4: ps =8mm 18 4.7GHz 2.5: ps =9mm 5.51GHz 27 2 [dbi] 1-1 -2-3 9 18 4.72GHz 2.6: ps = 1 mm 5.52GHz 11

2.2.2 hs hs 13 mm 15 mm 17 mm 2.2 2.7 zx 2.8 2.9 2.1 2.2: ps x d Port 8. mm 3. mm 1. mm 5 Ω -1 Return Loss [db] -2-3 -4 hs=13mm -5 4.4 4.6 4.8 hs=15mm hs=17mm 5 5.2 Frequency [GHz] 2.7: 12

2 [dbi] 2 [dbi] 1 1-1 -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 4.82GHz 2.8: hs =13mm 4.67GHz 18 4.74GHz 2.9: hs =15mm 27 2 [dbi] 1-1 -2-3 9 18 4.7GHz 2.1: hs =17mm 13

2.2.3 d d.8 mm 1. mm 1.2 mm 2.3 2.11 zx 2.12 2.13 2.14 4.7 GHz 5.5 GHz f1 f2 f1 Patch 1 f2 Patch 1 2.3: ps hs x Port 8. mm 17. mm 3. mm 5 Ω Return Loss [db] -1-2 -3 d=.8mm d=1.mm d=1.2mm -4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Frequency [GHz] 2.11: 14

2 [dbi] 2 [dbi] 1 1-1 -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 4.68GHz 2.12: d =.8 mm 5.53GHz 18 4.7GHz 2.13: d = 1. mm 5.51GHz 27 2 [dbi] 1-1 -2-3 9 18 4.74GHz 5.51GHz 2.14: d = 1.2 mm 15

2.2.4 Port Port x x 7 mm 3 mm 3 mm 7 mm 2.4 2.15 zx 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 Port x 3 mm 3 mm f1 x 7 mm 7 mm f2 2.4: Port ps hs d Port 8. mm 17. mm 1. mm 5 Ω Return Loss [db] -1-2 x= 7mm -3 x= 3mm x=-3mm x=-7mm -4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Frequency [GHz] 2.15: Port 16

2 [dbi] 2 [dbi] 1 1-1 -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 4.68GHz 5.5GHz 18 4.68GHz 5.5GHz 2.16: x = 7 mm 2.17: x = 3 mm 2 [dbi] 2 [dbi] 1 1-1 -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 4.68GHz 5.5GHz 18 4.68GHz 5.5GHz 2.18: x =3mm 2.19: x =7mm 17

2.2.5 Port 2, 3 5 Ω 2.5 2.2 zx 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.5: ps hs d x 8. mm 17. mm 1. mm 3. mm Return Loss [db] -5-1 -15 5 Ω terminal open short -2 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Frequency [GHz] 2.2: 18

2 [dbi] 2 [dbi] 1 1-1 -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 4.71GHz 5.5GHz 18 4.71GHz 5.5GHz 2.21: 5 Ω 2.22: 2 [dbi] 1-1 27-2 -3 9 18 4.72GHz 5.52GHz 2.23: 19

2.2.6 f1 f2 f1 f2 3 a. 1 1 2.24 b. 2 2.25 c. 2 1 2.26 d e d d s s λg/2 λg/2 r r s s s λg/2 λg/2 radiator director -9 x 9 x radiator reflector y director -9 x 9 x y z λg/2=18mm t=1.6mm s=16mm r=22mm d=1.5mm e=2mm x z λg/2=18mm t=1.6mm s=16mm r=22mm d=1.5mm x 2.24: a 2.25: b d d e s s λg/2 r s λg/2 r director -9 x 9 x reflector radiator y z λg/2=18mm t=1.6mm s=16mm r=22mm d=1.5mm e=2.mm x 2.26: c zx 2.27 2 3 2

-1-2 -9-3 [db] a b c 2.27: zx 9 F/B [17] F/B [2] 2 21

3 3 3 3.1 3.1 12 Port 1 Element 1 Port 2, 3 Element 2, 3 Port 3 3.2 Element 1, 2, 3 rs 5 GHz rs 1.8 mm 1. mm 2.6 1.6 mm 22

Element2 Port2 Short Pin Port1 Port3 Element3 Element1 y z x 3.1: ps pin pin hs rs rs d rd y rs=1.8mm pin=1.mm εr=2.6 t=1.6mm z x 3.2: 23

3.1.1 Port Port Port 1 Port 2, 3 3. a. Port 2, 3 5 Ω b. Port 2, 3 c. Port 2, 3 3.1 3.3 Port 3.2 2 f1 f2 f1 f2 zx 3.4 3.5 xy 3.6 3.7 f1 f2 b, c F/B 1 db a 2.1 db Port 5 Ω 3.1: ps 6. mm hs 9. mm rd 2. mm d 1. mm 24

Retrun Loss [db] -5-1 a b c -15 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 Frequency [GHz] 3.3: 3.2: Terminal Condition f1 f2 a 4.84GHz 5.1GHz b 4.79GHz 5.2GHz c 4.86GHz 5.15GHz 25

1 [dbi] 1 [dbi] -1-1 -2-2 27-3 9 27-3 9 18 a b c 18 a b c 3.4: f1 zx 3.5: f2 zx 1 [dbi] 1 [dbi] -1-1 -2-2 27-3 9 27-3 9 18 xy-plane a b c 18 xy-plane a b c 3.6: f1 xy 3.7: f2 xy 26

3.1.2 f1 3.8 Element 1 Element 2, 3 Element 1 Element 2, 3 3.9 Element 1 Element 2, 3 Element 1 3.8: f1 Element2 Element3 Element1 3.9: f1 27

3.1 f2 Element 1 Element 2, 3 Element 1 Element 2, 3 f2 3.1 3 Element 1 3.1: f2 Element2 Element3 Element1 3.11: f2 28

3.2 3.2 F/B ps hs d Port Short Pin rd 3.2.1 ps ps 48 mm 64 mm 3.3 F/B 3.12 F/B F/B ps 48 mm Front to back ratio [db] 24 18 12 3.3: hs rd d 7. mm 2. mm.9 mm 6 48 52 56 6 7 64 ps [mm] 3.12: ps F/B 28 21 14 Horizontal power beam width 29

3.2.2 hs hs 6. mm 1. mm 3.4 F/B 3.13 F/B F/B F/B hs 9. mm Front to back ratio [db] 24 18 12 3.4: ps rd d 48. mm 2. mm.9 mm 6 6 7 8 9 7 1 hs [mm] 3.13: hs F/B 28 21 14 Horizontal power beam width 3

3.2.3 d d.7 mm 1.2 mm 3.5 F/B 3.14 F/B F/B d 1.1 mm rd F/B d.8 mm Front to back ratio [db] 24 18 12 3.5: ps hs rd 48. mm 9. mm 2. mm 6 7.7.8.9 1 1.1 1.2 d [mm] 3.14: d F/B 28 21 14 Horizontal power beam width 31

3.2.4 Port Short Pin Port Short Pin rd rd 2. mm 3.5 mm 3.6 F/B 3.15 F/B F/B d 1.1 mm rd 2. mm F/B d.8 mm rd 2.5 mm F/B 1 db d.8 mm F/B Front to back ratio [db] 3.6: Port Short Pin ps hs d 24 18 12 48. mm 9. mm.8 mm 48. mm 9. mm 1.1 mm d=.8mm d=1.1mm 6 7 2 2.5 3 3.5 rd [mm] 3.15: rd F/B 28 21 14 Horizontal power beam width 32

3.2.5 4 F/B (Model A) F/B (Model C) (Model B) 3 3.7 3.16 zx xy 3.17 3.18 3.19 F/B Model A Model B Model C 3.8 3.7: 3 Model ps hs d rd A 64. mm 7. mm.9 mm 2. mm B 6. mm 9. mm 1. mm 2.5 mm C 48. mm 9. mm.8 mm 2.5 mm Return Loss [db] -5-1 -15 Model A Model B Model C -2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 Frequency [GHz] 3.16: 3 33

z 1 [dbi] x 1 [dbi] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 x 27-2 -3 9 y Eθ 18 Eφ 18 xy-plane 3.17: Model A z 1 [dbi] x 1 [dbi] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 x 27-2 -3 9 y Eθ 18 Eφ 18 xy-plane 3.18: Model B 34

z 1 [dbi] x 1 [dbi] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 x 27-2 -3 9 y Eθ 18 Eφ 18 xy-plane 3.19: Model C 3.8: 3 Model A B C Front to back ratio [db] 8. 12.7 22.7 Horizontal half power beam width 12.1 179.5 232.1 Maximum Directivity [dbi] 6.9 7.2 6.1 Tilt angle 43. 32. 33. Frequency [GHz] 4.93 5.18 5.2 Return Loss [db] 1.19 13.48 16.53 1 db Bandwidth [MHz] 4 19 13 35

3.9: Terminal Condition a b c Maximum Directivity [dbi] 6.3 4.41 5.27 Radiation efficiency [%] 99.8 99. 97.6 Total efficiency [%] 6.6 96.3 97.3 Model C 3 a. Port 2, 3 5 Ω b. Port 2, 3 c. Port 2, 3 3.9 96 % 5 Ω 6.6 % 96 % Port 5 Ω 6.6 % Port 1 Port 2, 3 5 Ω F/B 6.3 dbi Port 1 36

3.3 F/B 3.2 3.21 3.2: 3.21: 37

3.22 5MHz zx 3.23 3.24 xy 3.25 3.26 yz 3.27 3.28 F/B 1dB Return Loss [db] -5-1 -15 mea. cal. -2 4 5 6 7 Frequency [GHz] 3.22: 38

1 [dbd] 1 [dbi] -1-1 -2-2 27-3 9 27-3 9 18 Eθ Eφ 18 3.23: zx 3.24: zx 1 [dbd] 1 [dbi] 1-1 2-2 27 3 9 27-3 9 18 xy-plane Eθ Eφ 18 xy-plane 3.25: xy 3.26: xy 39

1 [dbd] 1 [dbi] -1-1 -2-2 27-3 9 27-3 9 18 yz-plane Eθ Eφ 18 yz-plane 3.27: yz 3.28: yz 4

Port 1.9 mm Port 1. mm 1.4 mm 1.3 mm Short Pin 3.29 3.3 rd.5 mm sp fp sp gap feed fp = 1. mm Short Pin patch substrate plate sp = 1. mm sp fp sp connector c fp = 1.3 mm fh = 1.4 mm c = 4. mm fh ph patch substrate plate Short Pin (through hole) sp = 1. mm ph = 1.9 mm 3.29: 3.3: 41

3.31 1 MHz 3.32 3.33 3.34 Return Loss [db] -5-1 -15 mea. cal.(gap) cal.(coaxial) -2 4 5 6 7 Frequency [GHz] 3.31: 42

1 [dbi] 1 [dbi] -1-1 -2-2 27-3 9 27-3 9 18 Eθ Eφ 18 xy-plane Eθ Eφ 3.32: zx 3.33: zx 1 [dbi] -1-2 27-3 9 18 yz-plane Eθ Eφ 3.34: yz 43

4 3 3 1 3 5 Ω F/B F/B d Port Short Pin rd F/B 22.7dB 3 44

D3 45

[1],,,,, AP94-35, pp.1-8, August 1994. [2],,,, (B-II), Vol.J78-B-II, No.9, pp.593-61, September 1995. [3],,,, B-1-92, March 1997. [4],,, LAN, (B-II), Vol.J8-B-II, No.5, pp.424-433, May 1997. [5],,,,, AP97-8, pp.1-8, August 1997. [6] H. Arai, Y. Ebine, 6-Sector Antenna Using Proximity Coupled Taper Slot For Multi- Media Mobile System, IEEE AP-S Digest, pp.143-1433, June 1998. [7],,, PCTSA 6,, B-1-15, Octorber 1998. [8],,, PCTSA 12,, B-1-154, March 1999. [9],,,, 6,, B-1-122, March 2. [1],,,,, AP2-4, pp.61-66, July 2. 46

[11],,,,,, Vol.J85-B, No.9, pp.1633-1643, September 2. [12] J. Huang, Planar microstrip Yagi array antenna, IEEE AP-S Digest, pp. 894-897, June 1989. [13] J. Huang and A. C. Densmore, Microstrip Yagi Array Antenna for Mobile Satellite Vehicle Application, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol.39, pp.124-13, July 1991. [14] D. Gray, J. W. Lu, and D. V. Thiel, Electronically steerable Yagi-Uda microstrip patch antenna array, IEEE AP-S Digest, p. 187, June 1995. [15] D. Gray, J. W. Lu and D. V. Thiel, Electronically Steerable Yagi-Uda Microstrip PatchAntenna Array, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol.46, No.5, pp.65-68, May 1998. [16],,,,,, B-1-12, August 21. [17],,,, 6,, AP21-81, pp.53-58, October 21. [18] N. Honma, F. Kira, T. Maruyama, K. Cho and H. Mizuno, Compact Six-Sector Antenna Employing Patch Yagi-Uda Array with Common Director, 22 IEEE AP- S Digest, Vol. 1, pp. 16-21, June 22. [19],,, 8, Octorber 1984. [2], 1996 47