57 182 2015 274-279 Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.57 No.182 (2015) 274-279 FEATURE Supercritical Combustion 超臨界 CO2 サイクル発電システムの開発 Development of a Supercritical CO 2 Cycle Thermal Power System 1 * 2 2 3 4 4 ALLAM, Rodney J. 5 FETVEDT, Jeremy E. 5 IWAI, Yasunori 1 *, NOMOTO, Hideo 2, SASAKI, Takashi 2, KAKEHI, Atsuyuki 3, ITOH, Masao 4, SATO, Iwataro 4, ALLAM, Rodney J. 5, and FETVEDT, Jeremy E. 5 1 2 3 4 5 230-0045 2-4 Toshiba Corporation Power and Industrial Systems R&D center, 2-4 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan 230-0045 2-4 Toshiba Corporation Power Systems Company, 2-4 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan 230-0045 2-4 Toshiba Corporation Thermal & Hydro Power Systems & Services Div., 2-4 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan 230-0045 2-4 Toshiba Corporation Keihin Product Operations, 2-4 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan 8 Rivers Capital and NET Power LLC, 406 Blackwell Street, Crowe Building, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA Abstract : Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from thermal power plants are one of the primary causes of global warming. As global demand for energy increases while environmental regulations tighten, novel power generation cycles are being developed to meet market needs while accommodating green requirements. To meet this demand in the global market, Toshiba has been engaged in the development of an environmentally conscious thermal power generation system applying a supercritical CO 2 cycle (Allam cycle) developed by 8 Rivers in cooperation with U.S. companies: 8 Rivers Capital, NET Power, LLC; Chicago Bridge & Iron Company; and Exelon Corporation. The Allam cycle is an approach (with high pressure, low pressure ratios, oxy-fuel combustion and CO 2 as a working fluid) that efficiently produces power in a compact plant, avoids NOx emissions, makes efficient use of clean-burning natural gas and can generate high-pressure carbon dioxide for enhanced oil and gas recovery in the field. We have been engaged in the development of a 25 MW-class pilot plant. In this project, Toshiba has been assigned the development of key equipment, including a high-temperature and high-pressure turbine and a combustor, for this thermal power generation system aimed at realizing a 295 MW-class commercial plant. Key Words : Thermal Power System, Supercritical CO2, Oxy-fuel combustion 1. まえがき (CO2 ) CO2 CO2 CO2 CCS (Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage) CCS CO2 * Corresponding author. E-mail: yasunori.iwai@toshiba.co.jp [1] Oxy-fuel Combustion [2-4] Sandia National Laboratory [5] Echogen [6] 8 Rivers NET Power Chicago Bridge & Iron Exelon CO2 [7,8] CO2 Oxy-fuel Combustion CO2 O2 ( (26)
CO2 275 ) CO2 H2O ( ) 2. 超臨界 CO2 サイクル発電システムの概要 CO2 [7-10] CO2 CO2 (ASU) (NOx) 1) 2) 25 MW 3) 295 MW 25 MW 2016 8 Rivers Allam Cycle 1 2 CO2-1 ( CO2 ) (CH4) (CO) (H2) ASU ASU Fig.1 Basic Allam Cycle natural gas flow diagram [9]. Fig.2 Pressure-Enthalpy diagram for pure carbon dioxide and the natural gas Allam cycle [7]. CO2 Oxy-fuel Combustion CO2 2 I A A B 30 MPa 1150 30 MPa 1150 (A) 3 CO2 (B C) (C D) CO2 CO2 (D E) (E F) (F G) CO2 CO2 2 30 MPa CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 1/30 EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) CO2 ASU (27)
276 57 182 2015 (G I) (I A) 3. 超臨界 CO2 タービン 30 MPa 1150 CO2 3 2 ( ) CO2 ( ) Ni Ni 4 250 MW CO2 CO2 CO2 2 CO2 1 Fig.3 Cross-section of 25 MWe demonstration plant CO2 turbine [10]. Fig.4 Comparison of overall size of 250 MW-class CO2 and steam turbines [9]. 1/3 3.1. タービン CO2 CO2 30 MPa CO2 7 1 5 Ni Co (TBC) CO2 Ni CrMoV A-USC (Advanced Ultra Supercritical ) CO2 CO2 TBC 1150 CO2 (28)
CO2 277 Fig.5 Cooling structure of the turbine blades [11]. TBC 6 5 TBC TBC Fig.6 Metal temperature distribution on the blades [11]. CO2 CO2 1.5 2.0 CO2 25 MW 1 1 5 1 CO2 CO2 CO2 1 CO2 3.2. 燃焼器 30 MPa 2 MPa (1) 30 MPa CO2 ( ) (2) 30 MPa CO2 25 MW 1/5 7 O2 CO2 30 MPa CO2 8 CO2 O2 Fig.7 Cross-sectional view of test combustor [12]. (29)
278 57 182 2015 Fig.8 System diagram of 30 MPa combustion test [12]. Fig.10 Test combustor undergoing combustion test [12]. Fig.9 Test combustor installed on test stand [12]. CO2 O2 ( ) CO2 ( ) 30 MPa 9 30 MPa 10 11 12 40 55 100 Fig.11 Changes in mass flows in combustion test [12]. 60 130 O2 12 55 110 29 MPa ( 30 MPa) 11 100 12 11 CO2 100 120 ( 12 ) CO UHC (30)
CO2 279 Gasified-Fueled Gas Turbines with Circulating Exhaust & Stoichiometric Combustion, Journal of Japan Institute of Energy, 91, 134-137, (2012). 4. T. Hasegawa, Development of Semiclosed Cycle Gas Fig.12 Changes in pressure and exit temperature in combustion test [12]. 4. まとめ 8 Rivers NET Power Chicago Bridge & Iron Exelon 2016 295 MW References 1. CO 2 CCS GTSJ ( 41 ). pp.73-78, (2013). 2. Oxy-fuel combustion CO 2 57 179 8-15(2015). 3. T. Hasegawa, H. Nishida, J. Inumaru, Development of Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine for Oxy-Fuel IGCC Power Generation with CO 2 Capture -Emission Analysis of Turbine for Oxy-Fuel IGCC Power Generation with CO 2 Capture, Progress in Gas Turbine Performance, ISBN 978-953-51-1166-5, (2013). 5. T. Conboy, S. Wright, J. Pasch, D. Fleming, G. Rochau, and R. Fuller, Performance Characteristics of an Operating Supercritical CO 2 Brayton Cycle, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, vol. 134, no. 11, (2012). 6. D. Robb, SUPERCRITICAL CO 2 - THE NEXT BIG STEP?, Turbomachinery International, vol. 53, no. 5, pp.22 23, 26, 28, (2012). 7. R.J. Allam, M. R. Palmer, G. W. Brown Jr., J. Fetvedt, D.Freed, H. Nomoto, M. Itoh, N. Okita, C. Jones Jr., High efficiency and low cost of electricity generation from fossil fuels while eliminating atmospheric emissions, including carbon dioxide, Energy Procedia., 37, GHGT-11, P.1135-1149., (2012). 8. R. Allam, J. Fetvedt, B. Forrest, C. Jones, H. Nomoto, M.Itoh, A Novel, High-Efficiency, Oxy-Fuel Power Plant with Low-Cost Electricity Production and 100% Capture of Carbon Dioxide, POWER-GEN International 2013, (2013). 9. CO 2 68, 11, p.36-39., (2013). 10. CO 2 (2014). 11. CO 2 41 (2013). 12. CO 2 70, 5, p.16-19., (2015). 13. Y. Iwai, M. Itoh, Y. Morisawa, S. Suzuki, D. Cusano, M. Harris, Development Approach to the Combustor of Gas Turbine for Oxy-fuel, Supercritical CO 2 Cycle, GT2015-43160, (2015). (31)