(NMR) 0 (NMR) 2µH hω ω 1 h 2 1 1-1 NMR NMR h I µ = γµ N 1-2 1 H 19 F Ne µ = Neh 2mc ( 1) N 2 ( ) I =1/2 I =3/2 I z =+1/2 I z = 1/2 γh H>0 2µH H=0 µh I z =+3/2 I z =+1/2 I z = 1/2 I z = 3/2 γh H>0 2µH H=0 µh -1-
µ = 5.05089 10 27 (J/T) 2.79277 2.62835 N µ (J/T) Q 12 C 16 O I = 0? 1-3 3 NMR (I =½) hω ( ) r r E = µ H 2µH γ ( ) µ = γhi z E = hγi I I, I + 1~ + I 1, + I ( 2) z zh 0 1-4 h ω = hγh 0 NMR ( 3) H = ω γ Q 1 H 19 F 1 ( I = + 1 I = 1 ) (Hz) z 2 (K) ev int z 2 1-5 H = hγi I iωt V = hγi h1e x -2- zh 0 z
( h 1 ) 2 ( Iz Iz ) z z 2 W = δ E E I V I Q: I I ± 1 z z Iz Iz I ( = 1 I I ) x 2 + + π h V 1-6 4 H = ω γ H 0 ext H 0 H int H int H ext H + ( K ) ext 0 = H int + H ext = 1 H H H K = H int H ext int ext W. D. Knight NMR Q: ( ) 2 2-1 (SW) Q: H 2-2 (CW, continuous wave) 5 CW -3-
5 NMR = ( ( ) ( ) v H + h cos 0 1 ωt + φ cos ωt + θ dt v = v( H + 0 h1 cosωt ) y A x H 0 H + h cos 0 1 ωt h 1 cosωt cosωt cos(ωt+θ ) LC L A ω Q: 5 θ φ h H 2 O 1 H 2-3 (10 ) xy H 0 (ω ~ Hz) h Q: -4-
6 NMR A B C ( =10m~10sec) ( µsec) 100W E (Signal Generator) 5~50MHz F (Attenuator) 40 ~ 0dB K J H G (LPF) (PSD) J ~ I H L PC ( ) C tune ( ) GP-IB I λ/4 C mactch D C mactch 2-4 NMR Q: ( e αt sinωt ) ( e t 2 α sinωt ) α ( 7) 2-5 NMR FID -5-
7 T t FT ω 2π T t FT ω 6 TA Q: FID ( free induction decay ) FID ( ) 2-6 NMR 6 Q: A~J back to back 0.5V 2-7 ( ~ MH ) ( ~ Hz) 8 DBM (double balance mixer) I In-1 Out=In 1 In 2 In-2 V ~0.5V -6-
Q: 8 DBM (double balanced mixer) In-2 1 1 2-8 (DBM, double balanced mixer) DBM ( FID ) FID ( ) ( ) FID Q: 3 3-1 FID FID ) C match ) C tune ) τ ) h 1 ) ) ) FID FID math averaging -7-
single shot PC C: data>g4062tr [ ] 1 ( ) y [ ] 2 ( ) y [ ] 3 ( ) y [ ] 500 ( ) y [ ] x n x n x 500 PC C: data>graph -n x y i r 1 b 2 a 0 500 * * f 3 0 4 1 g 1[ ] r 1 a 0 500 * * (x 0~500 y ) f 3 0 4 1 x, y ( ) g 1 graph /help[ ] (Windows unix ) 3-2 Q: N -8-
3-3 1 H 19 F FID (Free Induction Decay) FFT fft.exe PC fft A>fft usage:- fft src dest(x xy 0x)(data *)(skip#)(r n)(0 r) (output#) src (source) dest (desitination) x xy 0x x data (2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024,2048,4096,8192) skip# r n (reverse normal) 0 r (zerro rare) (zero) (rare) 9 x δ [001] [002] [003] [499] [500] [501][502] [1024] δ x 500 FFT δt 1024 FFT δf = 1 T FFT ( FFT 1 ) 10 NMR f f fsg f NMR f 0 f ( ) -9-
fft test test.f x 1024 0 n 0 512 test 1024 ( ) ( test ) ( ) 512 test.f. 2 ( 500 ) 1024 FFT [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] x ( ) ^2 PC graph graph -n p s i r 1 b 2 a 0 500 * * f 3 0 4 1 g 1[ ] 3-4 FID f SG f 1 ( x 500 FFT ) 9 NMR f SG -10-
( 10) 3-5 xy 3-6 NMR ( ) Q: ( ) 3-7 1-5 Q: -11-
3-8 saturation-recovery ( ) saturation-recovery TA saturation-recovery ( ) Q: Cu 2+, S 6+, O 2 ( ) 3-9 NQR (~34.2MHz) (~28MHz) NMR NQR(nuclear quadruple resonance) FID 35 Cl (I =3/2, 76%) 2 2 E x ( ) NMR ( ) 37 Cl (I =3/2, 24%) q q = 0.062 0. 079 37 35 37 Cl ) 35 Cl (24%) Q: 35 Cl 1Å 35 Cl -12-
( ) φ q ν( Hz ) = q h x 2 * e x x = 3A cgs(esu) e * = 4.8032 10 10 (esu), h = 6.62608 10 27 (erg sec) 35 24 * Cl q = 0.079 10 e (cm 2 esu) 37 24 * Cl q = 0.062 10 e ( ) Q: FID TA Q: NMR TA (3-335B, 3356, email: gotoo-t@sophia.ac.jp) (2000 TA ) (3-337, 3348) -13-
4 ( ) II CP ( ) II III ( ) NMR NMR A Handbook of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 2 nd -ed, Freeman, Longman Experimental Pulse NMR, a Nuts and Bolts Approach, Fukushima Experimental Techniques in Condensed Matter Physics at Low Temperatures (R. C. Richardson) (<1K) -14-