VOL. 37 NO. 3 Key words: Drug allergy, LMIT, Penams, Cephems, Cross-reactivity

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Transcription:

VOL. 37 NO. 3 Key words: Drug allergy, LMIT, Penams, Cephems, Cross-reactivity

CHEMOTHERAPY MAR. 1989 Mble 1. Allcrgy in parients nduced by penams

VOL. 37 NO. 3 Table 2. Allergy in patients induced by cephems

CHEMOTHERAPY MAR. 1989

VOL.37 NO.3 Table 4. Proportion of positive cross-reactions in the leucocyte migration inhibition test to Ĉ-lactam antibiotics which are not the causative drug itself in 10 patients with allergy induced by penams *1 Group A: penams with similar structure to the causative drug in the C-6 *2 Group B: penams without similar str ucture to the causative drug in the C-6 *3 Group C: cephems with similar structure to the causative drug in the C-7 Group D: cephems with similar structure to the causative drug in the C-7 *4 * 5 ( ) positive rate including the probably positive cases

CHEMOTHERAPY MAR. 1989

VOL.37 NO.3 Table 6. Proportion of positive cross-reactions in the leucocyte migration inhibition test to fl-lactam antibiotics which are not the causative drug itself in 20 patients with allergy induced by cephems *1 Group A: cephems with similar structure to the causative drug in the C-7 *2 Group B: cephems with similar structure (a tetrazolyl group) to the causative drug in the C-3 *3 Group C: cephems without similar structure to the causative drug in the side chain *4 Group D: penams with similar structure to the causative drug in the C-6 *5 Group E: penams without similar structure to the causative drug in the C-6 *6 ( ) positive rate including the probably positive cases 1) GREICO M H: Cross-allergencity of the penicillins and the cephalosporins. Arch. Intern. Med. 119: 141 `446, 1967 2) BATCHELOR F R, DEWDNEY J M, WESTON R D, WHEELER A W: The immunogenicity of cephalosporin derivatives and their crossreaction with penicillin. Immunology, 10 21 `33, 1966 3) ABRAHAM G N, PETZ L D, FUDENBERG H H: Immunohaematological cross-allergenicity between penicillin and cephalothin in humans. Clin. Exp. Immwnol. 3: 343 `357, 1968 4) GIRARD J P. Common antigenic determinants of penicillin G, ampicillin and the cephalosporins demonstrated in man. Int. Arch. Allergy 33: 428 `438, 1968 5) ASSEM E S K, VICKERS M R: Tests for penicillin allergy in man. II. The immunological cross-reaction between penicillins and cephalosporins. Immunology 27: 255 `269, 1974 6) PETERSEN B H, GRAHAM J: Immunologic cross-reactivity of cephalexin and penicillin. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 83: 860 `870, 1974 7) SHIHO 0, TSUCHIYA K: IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. I Characteristics of the IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. J. Antibiotics 34: 72 `78, 1981 8) SHIHO 0, NAKAGAWA Y, TSUCHIYA K: IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. II Antigenic specificity of rat antipenicillin-ova IgE sera, J. Antibiotics 34: 7983, 1981 9) SHIHO 0, and TSUCHIYA K: IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. III Antigenic specificity of rat anti-cephalosporin -OvA IgE sera. J. Antibiotics 34: 8489, 1981

CHEMOTHERAPY MAR. 1989 CROSS-REACTIVITY OF BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS IN DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION (VI) CLINICAL STUDIES ON CROSS-REACTIVITY BETWEEN PENAMS AND CEPHEMS IN DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSEN-SITIVITY KATSUJI UNO Pharmacy, Suibarago Hospital, Okayama-cho 13-23, Suibara-machi, Kitakanbara-gun, Niigata 959-21, Japan FUSANOSUKE YAMASAKU Department of Internal Medicine, Suibarago Hospital We studied the cross-reactivity of penams and cephems in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) by leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) to test the cross-reactivity of 10 patients displaying hypersensitivity to penams and 20 with hypersensitivity to cephems. The cross-reaction rate in the LMIT of penam-sensitive patients was 56% (10/18) to penams, 71% (10/14) to penams with similar structures to the causative drugs in the C-6 side chain, and 0% (0/ 4) to penams without such similarities. On the other hand, 8% (3/38) to cephems, 16% (3/18) to cephems with similar structures to the causative drugs in the C-7 side chain, and 0% (0/20) to cephems without. The cross-reaction rate in the LMIT of cephem-sensitive patients was 48% (31/ 64) to cephems, 65% (17/26) to cephems with similar structures in the C-7 side chain, 75% (12/16) to cephems with similar structures in the C-3 side chain and 9% (2/22) to cephems without. On the other hand, 3% (1/34) to penams, (1/26) to penams with similar structures in the C-6 side chain and 0% (0/8) to penams without. Our findings indicate that in DTH there may be incomplete cross-antigenicity between penams and cephems and that the structures of both the side chain and the parent ring itself may play an important part as antigenic determinant; but this kind of cross-reaction is probably induced only at a low rate.

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