教育講演 Key words : default mode network 1990 pitfall neurovascular coupling default mode network I. t t 5% 100 5 95 81,920 1 64 64 20 5% 4,096 81,920 p p=p 0.05 /81,920 False Discovery Rate FDR 149
MRI MRI TR 1 EPI T 30 Z T Statistical Parametric Mapping SPM 1 Z 3 Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection 3DSSP 2 Matlab Matlab 3DSSP C SPM SPM SPM98 SPM5 fmri 150 Japanese Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
SPM SPM random field theory SPM spm.m II. MRI MRI PET RI MRI fmri TR 1 EPI fmri TR 2 3 III. segmentation SPM5 DARTEL 1 3 DARTEL Voxel based morphometry VBM DARTEL IV. Neurovascular coupling 1890 Roy and Sherrington 4 Neurovascular coupling PET Neurovascular coupling 2 5 6 Blood Oxygen Level Dependency BOLD 7 fmri BOLD 151
1 : DARTEL 89 SEAD J DARTEL SPM5/8 Segmentation 2 : 5 BOLD 6 152 Japanese Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
3 : 8 3 8 MRI 1.5 T / MRI 3T V. Default Mode Network Neurovascular coupling 1980 PET 15 90 Dr. Raichle activation deactivation 9 fmri fmri fmri deactivation deactivation default mode default mode network Default mode network 153
4 : Default mode network ApoE4 ApoE4 default mode ApoE4 4 10 Default mode network 1 Friston KJ, Holmes AP, Poline JB, Grasby PJ, Williams SC, Frackowiak RS, Turner R. 1995 Analysis of fmri time series revisited. Neuroimage 2, 45 53. 2 Minoshima S, Frey KA, Koeppe RA. 1995 Foster N.L.Kuhl D.E., A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer's disease using three dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine 18 FDG PET. J Nucl Med 36, 1238 48. 3 Ashburner J. 2007 A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. Neuroimage 38, 95 113. 4 Roy CS, Sherrington CS. 1890 On the Regulation of the Blood supply of the Brain. J Physiol, 11, 85 158 17. 5 Kohno S, Sawamoto N, Urayama S, Aso T, Aso K, Seiyama A, Fukuyama H, Le Bihan D. 2009 Water diffusion slowdown in the human visual cortex on visual stimulation precedes vascular responses. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 29, 1197 1207. 6 Wakita M, Shibasaki M, Ishizuka T, Schnackenberg J, Fujiawara M, Masataka N. 2010 Measurement of neuronal activity in a macaque monkey in response to animate images using near infrared spectroscopy. Front Behav Neurosci 7, 4 31. 7 Ogawa S, Lee TM, Kay AR, Tank DW. 1990 Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87, 9868 9872. 8 2000 fmri 2, 112 117. 9 Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Snyder AZ, Powers WJ, Gusnard DA, Shulman GL. 2001 A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 676 682. 10 Filippini N, MacIntosh BJ, Hough MG, Goodwin GM, Frisoni GB, Smith SM, Matthews PM, Beckmann CF, Mackay CE. 2009 Distinct patterns of brain activity in young carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 7209 7214. 154 Japanese Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Tips on the functional brain imaging analysis Hidenao Fukuyama, M.D., Ph.D. Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Key words : Functional neuroimaging, Statistical analysis of neuroimaging, default mode The problems with regard to analysis on the functional imaging were described. The statistics and analytical processes are considered to be important. Recent advances on computer technology as well as the improvement of the image analysis algorithm provide us an easy solution from the inadequate data. Researchers should understand the process of the analytical process and statistics. Tips for analysis of the image were described. In addition, recent topic related to default mode network was address. 155