Developing a Japanese Enryo-Sasshi Communication Scale: Revising a Trial Version of a Scale Based on Results of a Pilot Survey KOYAMA Shinji and IKEDA Yutaka Toward exploring Japanese Enryo-Sasshi communication based human behavior with empirical evidence, the authors attempted to develop a Japanese Enryo-Sasshi communication scale. This scale is expected to measure to what extent a person psychologically supports Enryo-Sasshi communication when he or she interacts with others. This paper aims to report the results of a pilot survey conducted by the authors in order to check the internal consistency of a trial version of the scale. Data from 174 samples was obtained and statistically processed. The results of the statistical analysis indicated: 1 most of the items tended to measure the same construct measured by the other scale items since those individual items positively correlated to the sum of the score; 2 at least two items appeared to be inappropriate for assessing one s behavior since they showed low correlation value with the total score on the scale; and 3 the internal consistency or the reliability of the whole scale was not sufficient Cronbach s α 0.59 even when the two items with low correlation value were excluded. Based on these results and with regard to the results of factor analysis which was conducted to observe the potential factors of the scale, the authors suggest a revised version of the scale consisting of 25 items. 21
23 2011 1. 1 1 Ishii 1984 Ishii, 19841996 2010 22
2. 2 1. 1 1993 2006 2 2. 1 23
23 2011 1 1 Ishii 1984 1982 24
1987 2003 1 2005 2007 25
23 2011 2005 1994 1995 2008 2 3. 2010 24 1 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 6 3 26
1 27
23 2011 2 12 8 4 12 28
2006 1 2002 2 2006 1995 3 2001 4 2010 3. 3 1. 6 24 6 1 1 6 24 144 6 1 3 2. 3 2009 6 7 29
23 2011 255 207 21 12 174 68.23 153 19.70 1.26 64 89 21 53.43 8.54 5 16 4. 4 1. 4 1 1. 94.53 0.69 2 153 21 t t 172 0.58, n. s. 3 t 172 1.96, 0.05 < p < 0.10 t 172 0.69, n. s. 4 1 4 1 2. I-T 30
2 94.53 0.69 174 3 t N 174 t 94.67 9.11 153 93.48 8.92 21 0.58 n.s. 4 t N 174 t 93.94 10.14 69 94.91 8.33 105 0.69 n.s. 5 5 r 5 2 r 0.64, p < 0.01r 0.56, p < 0.01 r 0.43, p < 0.01 r 0.53, p < 0.01r 0.58, p < 0.01 r 0.32, p < 0.01 r 0.11, p < 0.05 31
23 2011 5 I-T r 1 r 2 r 0.34** 0.44** 0.35** 0.35** 0.42** 0.43** 0.64** 0.23** 0.22** 0.22** 0.11* 0.29** 0.23** 0.32** 0.48** 0.27** 0.25** 0.36** 0.48** 0.37** 0.56** 32
0.27** 0.16 0.21** 0.35** 0.25** 0.34** 0.28** 0.42** 0.43** 0.24** 0.43** 0.53** 0.38** 0.32** 0.35** 0.44** ** 1 * 5 33 0.48** 0.49** 0.58**
23 2011 5 1 3 3 2 1 r 0.11, p < 0.05 1 r 0.16, n. s. 2 1 34
4 2. 24 0.55 2 0.59 6 6 24 22 0.55 0.59 35
23 2011 4 3. 1 1 2 5 8 6 6 7 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 36
7 I II III IV V VI.780.064.089.109.075.185.673.826.078.018.126.005.230.758.692.034.131.043.077.253.569.635.015.123.158.038.019.445.053.687.015.138.050.267.568.119.517.100.309.263.045.458.185.600.058.188.113.150.468.012.510.456.094.020.208.521.029.716.111.150.097.087.566.298.103.591.072.169.254.546.042.061.683.003.154.251.558.030.214.651.026.051.027.475 37
23 2011.025.338.060.659.024.047.555.334.381.168.439.042.103.490.115.332.085.698.081.017.625.090.047.281.358.073.391.376.036.019.327.420.370.172.452.168.234.040.166.688.089.593.244.104.027.105.646.226.551.019.008.155.010.557.168.364.173.073.107.040.249.601.472.025.026.077.069.032.675.468 2.793 2.651 1.778 1.695 1.402 1.230 11.549 12.697 12.050 8.081 7.070 6.374 5.590 52.499 ( 6 Kaiser 38
4 5 6 5 6 5 6 2 1 0.358 0.391 4 0.510 0.456 6 2 5 39
23 2011 6 4 4. 5. 6 40
6 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 5 5 1995 25 8 41
23 2011 8 5 5 5 42
5 5 43
23 2011 6. 1 2006 Gudykunst 1996 Communication Style Scale 2006 2 8 44
2 2002 7 3 1995 36 20 1987 42001 Takai & Ohta 1994 Japanese Interpersonal Competence Scale Wiemann 1977 Communicative Competence Scale 40 22 24 C 2252054 2008 8 211 217 1996 121 140 2006 3 151 160 2005 45
23 2011 53 47 59 1995 31 43 51 2010 7 9 14 2001 13 15 29 2002 20 13 28 2006 - - 3 33 52 2003 15 17 39 1993 6 21 44 1982 8 207 240 2003 1987 59450025 22 46 2005 21 1 11 1994 4 99 110 2007469 138 168 Gudykunst, W. B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., Kim, K., & Heyman, M. 1996. The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures. Human Communication Research, 22, 510 543. Ishii, S. 1984. Enryo-Sasshi communication: A key to understanding Japanese Interpersonal relations. Cross Currents, II 1, 49 58. Takai, J., & Ohta, H. 1994. Assessing Japanese interpersonal communication competence. The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 224 236. Wiemann, J. M. 1977. Explication and test of model of communicative competence. Human Communication Research, 3, 195 213. 46