Abstract This paper examines pre-war Japanese Buddhist missions in Hawaii, particularly the Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii, and explores how the lay members helped found their own temples in the Nikkei community. As the immigrants started settling in Hawaii, they not only established such organizations as the kenjinkai, Japanese language schools, labor unions, etc., but also sought spiritual guidance from the Buddhist teachings. Early th century Hawaii, therefore, witnessed numerous Japanese Buddhist temples being built in the sugar plantations, although previous historical studies have paid little attention to the role of this religion apart from their pro-japanese and nationalistic attitudes. In order to highlight marginality of the Hawaii mission, I will also elucidate the endeavors of the Buddhist foreign mission in East Asia that had strong ties with Japan s imperialist expansionism. Keywords : Japanese Buddhist missions, Nikkei community, religious affiliation in southwest Japan, Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii
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