1002M02 1
2
2002 4 2 30 30 29 5 3
30 2004 1 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2000 1888 1886 1905 11
1960 18 2002 1999 3 IQ70 8 12
1992 9 American Association on Mental Retardation 1992 75 70 18 / American Psychiatric Association 2000 13
1 2002 45 9 13 2002 1 2718 3 0.36% 18 34 2 18 10 3 1 4 32 9 71.7% 13 28.3% 30.7% 29.5% 24.1% 12.5% 2001 a b 14
c 5 16 2001 2001 a 15
16 b c 7 2 d a 2004 2003 1981 10
17 2 3 QOL b 1986 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2000
3 1996 2003 18
1997 Drotar 1975 5 19
20 Drotar Solnit & Stark 1961 Kennedy 1970 Olshasky 1962 Olshasky 1962
2003 2002 1986 1961 8 1990 21
1964 1981 1983 Mayeroff 1971 22
Erikson 1964 1983 1993 Wolfensberger 1992 23
Schwartz 1992 1980 WHO ICIDH handicap 1992 1 1974 1980 90 1 Gӧransson & Wallgren 24
2000 1990 1998 Mizutani, Hiruta, & Yanagimoto, 2002) 2003 People First People First Andrew 19 13 28.3% 25
10 2002 2003 2003 1995 1999 ( 1998) 26
27 1990 ( 1963 1994 2004 2003 2003 4 a b c d
I (Strauss Corbin 1990) 28
I 29 52 29
1 1 30 1 2002 11 1 24 30
31 1 1 1
32 1 6 2 3
3 2 6 10 2 2 1 10 3 33
34 2 3 A 21
1000 Johansson Lundgren 1997 1993 2 1999 3 4 12 35
36
37
38
39
Gӧransson & Wallgren 1982 A M The National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare 1985 Erikson 1964 Mayeroff 1971 40
Wolfensberger 1992 Schwartz 1992 Figure 1 Figure 41
I I Abe, Sato,& Kabe(2003) (2003) 42
. 15 3 2003 6 9 43
1 12 1 30 I [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] 44
45 [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12] 12 15 12 1 10 [ 1] [ 12]
1 4 27% 11 73% 51 75 44 77 ID 1 9 60% 6 40% 18 50 6 3 3 3 Table 1 Table 2 Table 1 49 4 4 50 59 3 5 8 60 69 1 1 70 79 1 1 2 4 11 15 46
Figure 2 Figure 2 47
Table 2 19 3 1 4 20 29 3 4 7 30 39 2 1 3 40 49 50 59 1 1 9 6 15 2 4 27% 7 47% 3 3 15 50 9 Table 3 48
Table 3 2 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 Table 4 1 3 2 49
Table 4 1 3 ID 77 50 75 35 1 6 60 30 5 55 25 1 6 55 31 3 54 29 4 53 26 52 29 1 52 20 6 51 18 3 51 18 3 48 21 2 48 20 45 18 2 44 18 3 50
4 9 Table 5 3 51
Table 5 5 28 4 24 2 12 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 17 100 5 4 12 80% 1 6.6% 1 6.6% 1 6.6% 80% Table 6 52
Table 6 ID 1 3 4 6 53
12 80 2 13.4% 1 6.6% Table 5 Table 7 27 2 7 1 4 3 11 6 22 4 14 2 7 1 4 1 4 27 100 7 54
7 47% 3 20% 2 13% 2 13% 1 7% 10 67% 2 13% 3 20% Table 8 Table 9 Table 8 7 47 3 20 2 13 2 13 1 7 15 100 55
Table 9 ID 6 8 56
Table 10 Table 10 10 4 1 5 57
NPO 7 58
9 5 2,000 24 59
8 10 Table 11 9 Table 11 ID 60
61
Z 62
,, 63
11 13 87% 64
65
10 (B) (P) 12 66
67
68
69
65 70
51 52 52 75 4 11 44 45 48 48 51 53 54 55 55 60 77 24 33 Table 1 71
3 50 B P 14 36 4 4 72
73 5 [ 5] 4 80% 6 [ 6] Table 7 15 50
7 [ 7] 3 3 2 1 70 74% 3 74
1987 Gӧransson & Wallgren 1982 8 [ 8] NPO 3 75
2003 4 Schwartz 1992 9 [ 9] 1981 11 76
77 10 [ 10] 3 3 11 [ 11] 87% 15 Erikson 1964 Mayeroff 1971
[ 12] [ 12] 11 77 50 78
14 ( 2003) 10 2500 1968 Gӧransson & Wallgren 1982 79
15 12 80
81 11 4 4
3 82
E Olshansky 1962 83
G L 84
6 6 85
7 1 86
2 3 2 3 9 3 2 5 43 87
NPO NPO 88
3 89
90 28 90
16 50 91
92
93
1 ( ) 20% 94
2003 95
96
NPO NPO 97
1981 10 1981 10 98
99 3 1 92 13 1673
30 100
2003 101
18 50 Kűbler-Ross 1969 102
1997 1995 103
( 2003) 3 104
105
106
Abe, A., Sato, M., Kabe, K. 2003 A study on psychological transformation of parents of children with a learning disability anxious about how their progeny will cope after they die. The British Psychological Society, Annual Conference. Bournemouth. (Abstract) 2003 67 285 1997 ( ) ( ) 2002 American Psychiatric Association 2000 Quick reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-4-TR. American Psychiatric Association. ( ) 1999 American Association on Mental Retardation 1992 Mental retardation: definition, classification, and systems of supports. American Association on Mental Retardation. Drotar, D., Baskeiwicz, A., Irvin, N., Kennel, J. H., & Klaus, M. H. 1975 The adaptation of parents to the birth of an infant with a congenital malformation: A hypothetical model. Pediatrics, 56, 710-717. 107
E. H. ( ) 1971 Erikson, E.H. 1964 Insight and Responsibility. New York: Norton.) K. & A. 2000 Gӧransson K. & Wallgren A. 1982 Vem ӓr Peter? and other 5 titles. Stockholm, Sweden: Stiftelsen ala. 2002 2003 A. & K. 1997 Johansson, A. Lundgren, K. 1997 Åkes bok. Ӧrebro, Sweden: Bokförlaget Libris. 10 2002 21 1995 2003 ( ) 2003 Kennedy, J. 1970 Maternal reactions of parents to the birth of an infant with a congenital malformation: A hypothetical model. Pediatrics, 56(5), 710-717. 2002 14 1 E. 1998 Kűbler-Ross, E. 1969 On death and dying. Macmillan. 108
1998 1983 M. 1987 Mayeroff, M. 1971 On Caring. New York: Harper & Row. Mizutani, Y. Hiruta, T., and Yanagimoto, Y. 2002 A nationwide investigation of individualized plan in Japanese special high schools: Implications for the collaborative practices of individualized transition support plans. The Japanese Association of Special Education, 39, 41-58. 2002 2003 2004 ( ) 1999 1994, 11(3), 267-277. 1964 1981 1983 Olshansky, S. 1962 Chronic sorrow: A response to having mentally defective child. Social Casework, 43, 190-193. 1992 1986 D. B. 1996 109
Schwartz, D. B. 1992 Crossing the river. Brookline Books.) Solnit, A. J. & Stark, M. H. 1961 Mourning and the birth of a defective child. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 16, 523-537. 2002 1 A. &. 1992 Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. 1990 Basics of qualitative reseach: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage Publications. 2003 1 10 14 1993 1998 2001 1990 7(3), 68-80 1963, 9, 145-172. 2000, 10, 195-207. ( ) 1998 The National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare 1985 Human dignity-respect and consideration for mentally disabled adults. Stockholm, Sweden. IEP 2000 110
1983 1996 1997 Meijer, C. J. W., Pijl, S. J., & Hegarty, S. (eds) 1994 New perspectives in special education, A six-country study of integration. Routledge. W. 1995 Wolfensberger, W. 1992 A brief introduction to social role valorization. New York: Syracuse University. E. 1998 Elisabeth Badinter 1980 L amour en plus frammarion, Paris 1992 E. H. 2001 Erikson, E.H. 1997 The life cycle completed. New York: Norton. 2002 2000 1999 V. 2003 ( Jankēlēvitch, V. 1994 Penser la mort? Paris: Liana Levi.) 2002 111
1990 & 2000 Mansell, J. & Ericsson, K. 1996 Deinstitutionalization and community living. Chapman&Hall 1990 1989 7(1), 69 80 1998 1998, 20(1), 45-52. 1993, 14(4), 246-263. R. 1994 QOL Schalock, R. ed. 1990 Quality of life: perspectives and issues. Washington D. C.: American Association on Mental Retardation. 1995 1998, 20(1), 1-11. ( ) 2001 2002 P. 1987 Watzlawick, P. 1987 The Situation is Hopeless, But Not Serious. 112
New York: Norton. 1989 1999 2001 ( ) 2001 113
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