Copyright 2003, 2004, 2006 FUNNIST Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 GNU 1.1 GNU Free Documentation License C GNU

LATEX 2006 3 \begin{titlepage}% \parindent=\z@ \let\footnotesize\small \let\footnoterule\relax \let\footnote\thanks \null\vskip 2\Cvs {\Huge\gtfamily\sffamily\@title}% \par\vskip\fboxsep \hrule height 1ex \par\vskip\tw@\fboxsep {\Large\@date}% \par\vskip\cvs\vfill \hb@xt@\fullwidth{% \includegraphics*{images/mytitle}\hss}% \ifx\@contact\@empty\@thanks\vfill\null \else\vfill\begin{large}\@contact\end{large}% \par\vskip 2\Cvs\fi \end{titlepage}% FUNNIST

Copyright 2003, 2004, 2006 FUNNIST Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 GNU 1.1 GNU Free Documentation License C GNU http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.ja.html

i L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/ FUNNIST Future University- Hakodate Network and Information System Tutorial Committee Future University-Hakodate FUN (Tutorial) Network Information System Future University-Hakodate Network and Information System Tutorial Committee FUNNIST

ii dvipdfm dvipdfm dvipdfm dvipdfm dvipdfm 3.19 dvipdfm 3.21 dvipdfm dvipdfm dvipdfm 3.21.2 dvipdfm The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it\ldots. The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it.... which perl $ platex file.tex $ jbibtex file.tex $ dvipdfmx -S -o out.pdf input.dvi $ Alt Ctrl + Alt + Delete Ctrl Alt Delete Ctrl + x Ctrl + s Ctrl + x Ctrl + s

iii L A TEX TEX Donald Knuth L A TEX Leslie Lamport L A TEX 2ε Frank Mittelbach Johannes Braams David Carlisle Michael Downes Alan Jeffery Sebastian Rahtz Chris Rowley Rainer Schöpf TEX Windows ptex Dviout BIBTEX Oren Patashnik MakeIndex Pehong Chen Nelson Beebe dvipdfm Mark Wicks Dvipdfmx Cho Jin-Hwan PostScript PDF Adobe TEX

iv L A TEX L A TEX 2ε FUNNIST L A TEX 2ε 2004 4 2 α 250 L A TEX http://tex.dante.jp/typo/ 2003 11 L A TEX 1 L A TEX 2004 4 2 FUNNIST L A TEX 2003 11 L A TEX 2004 4 2 L A TEX 2ε version 0.1 2004 4 16 2004 4 2 version 0.2 2004 4 30 2004 4 16 version 0.2a 2004 8 5 version 0.3 2004 8 19 version 0.3a 2004 9 L A TEX 2005 3 20 2004 9 2 2006 3 3

v i iii 1 1 1.1................................ 1 1.2............................ 1 1.3.................................. 1 1.4 TEX................................ 3 1.5 WYSIWYG........................... 3 1.6............................. 3 1.7 L A TEX............................... 3 1.7.1 L A TEX............................ 4 1.7.2............................ 4 2 L A TEX 5 2.1................................. 5 2.1.1............................. 5 2.1.2............................. 6 2.1.3........................ 8 2.1.4................. 8 2.1.5.......................... 9 2.1.6......................... 12 2.1.7............................... 14 2.1.8............................. 14 2.2 L A TEX........................ 15 2.3............................... 16 2.3.1....................... 16 2.4............................. 18

vi 3 19 3.1.............................. 19 3.2.................................... 20 3.3................................... 21 3.3.1............................ 21 3.3.2............................. 21 3.4................................. 22 3.4.1......................... 22 3.4.2....................... 22 3.5................................. 23 3.6................................ 23 3.6.1......................... 24 3.6.2............................ 25 3.7................................. 25 3.7.1 L A TEX..................... 25 3.7.2............................ 26 3.8................................... 26 3.9.................................... 27 3.10................................. 27 3.11.................................. 28 3.12........................... 28 3.13............................... 29 3.14.................................. 29 3.15............................. 30 3.15.1....................... 31 3.15.2............................... 31 3.15.3................................. 32 3.16................................ 33 3.16.1........................ 33 3.16.2.......................... 34 3.16.3..................... 34 3.17.................................. 35 3.18................................... 38 3.19................................ 39 3.19.1......................... 39 3.19.2............................. 41 3.20................................. 42 3.21............................. 43

vii 3.21.1............................ 43 3.21.2........................... 44 3.21.3..................... 45 4 47 4.1.............................. 47 4.2....................... 48 4.2.1............................ 49 4.3.................. 50 4.3.1 JBIBTEX.......................... 50 4.3.2....................... 50 4.3.3........................ 51 4.3.4......................... 52 4.3.5....................... 53 4.3.6............................ 54 4.3.7................. 57 4.3.8........................ 57 5 59 5.1.............................. 59 5.1.1 DVI................................. 60 5.1.2 PostScript.............................. 60 5.1.3 PDF................................. 60 5.2 DVI PDF Dvipdfmx...................... 61 5.3 DVI PS dvipsk......................... 62 6 63 6.1.......................... 63 6.2............................... 63 6.2.1............................. 63 6.2.2............................... 64 6.2.3............................ 65 6.2.4....................... 66 6.2.5............................ 68 6.3......................... 69 6.4............................. 69 6.5.................................. 71 6.5.1.......................... 71

viii 6.5.2............................... 72 6.6.............................. 73 6.6.1 showkeys.................. 76 6.6.2 L A TEX................... 76 7 77 7.1.................................. 77 7.2................................. 77 7.2.1............................... 77 7.2.2............................. 78 7.2.3............................... 78 7.2.4............................ 79 7.2.5............................. 79 7.2.6......................... 79 7.3................................. 80 7.4.......................... 81 7.5........................... 81 7.5.1................................ 82 7.5.2............................... 83 7.5.3........................ 83 7.5.4.......................... 84 7.5.5................................. 86 7.6.............................. 89 7.7............................ 90 7.7.1............................. 90 7.7.2................... 92 7.7.3........................ 94 7.8.............................. 94 7.8.1...................... 95 7.9................................. 96 7.9.1........................... 98 7.9.2.......................... 98 7.9.3............................. 99 7.9.4............................. 99 7.9.5....................... 100 7.9.6............................... 101 7.9.7..................... 101 7.9.8........................... 102

ix 8 103 8.1................................. 103 8.1.1.......................... 103 8.1.2 L A TEX........................... 104 8.2..................................... 105 8.2.1............................. 107 8.3 booktabs................... 107 8.4 dcolumn......................... 109 8.5 multirow..................... 109 8.5.1.......................... 110 8.6........................ 111 8.7.......................... 111 8.7.1....................... 112 8.7.2............................ 113 8.7.3..................... 114 8.7.4..................... 116 8.7.5 Dvipdfmx EPS................ 117 8.7.6 dvips Dvipdfmx..................... 118 8.7.7................ 118 8.7.8..................... 119 8.7.9........................ 119 8.8.......................... 121 8.8.1......................... 121 8.8.2 labelfig................. 122 8.9......................... 123 8.9.1........................ 123 8.9.2............................. 123 8.9.3 Xy-pic................................ 124 9 L A TEX 125 9.1....................... 125 9.1.1........................... 125 9.2.............................. 127 9.3.................. 128 9.4................................... 128 9.5.................................. 129 9.5.1.............................. 129 9.5.2.............................. 130

x 9.5.3............................. 130 9.5.4.............................. 131 9.6................................. 132 9.6.1........................... 132 9.6.2........................... 133 9.7................................. 134 9.8....................... 134 9.9.................................. 135 9.10................................. 135 9.11 URL................................ 136 A 137 A.1 PDF TEX................................ 137 A.2................................. 137 A.3............................ 138 A.4......................... 138 A.5................................ 138 B 139 B.1............................ 139 B.2............................ 144 C GNU Free Documentation License 151 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS................... 151 2. VERBATIM COPYING............................ 153 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY.......................... 153 4. MODIFICATIONS............................... 153 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS......................... 155 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS..................... 155 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS............ 156 8. TRANSLATION................................ 156 9. TERMINATION................................ 156 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE................ 156 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents.......... 157 159 161

xi 2.1................................. 5 2.2 xdvi............................... 13 3.1........................... 37 8.1 1........................ 121 8.2 labelfig.............................. 123 9.1..................... 126 B.1..................... 148 2.1 Windows OS....................... 8 2.2 Unix OS........................ 8 3.1.............................. 20 3.2 L A TEX.......................... 21 3.3................................ 22 3.4 L A TEX....................... 25 3.5 SI............................... 26 3.6 10 n................................ 26 3.7.................................. 28 3.8............................... 28 3.9................................ 32 3.10............................. 38 3.11............................ 40 3.12.............. 40 3.13.......................... 41 3.14............................ 42 4.1................................. 53 4.2................................ 54 4.3.................... 55 4.4 cite...................... 58 6.1.......................... 68

xii 6.2.................... 72 6.3........................ 73 7.1...................... 80 7.2 amssymb...................... 81 7.3.......................... 81 7.4............................ 82 7.5............................... 83 7.6........................... 84 7.7.............................. 85 7.8......................... 86 7.9 array........................ 87 7.10 array....................... 88 7.11........................... 90 7.12............................... 91 7.13......................... 91 7.14............................... 91 7.15................................... 92 7.16 2................................. 92 7.17................................. 92 7.18.............................. 93 7.19.............................. 93 7.20.................................... 93 7.21.............................. 94 7.22..................................... 94 7.23........................... 94 8.1............................... 104 8.2............................. 104 8.3 tabular....................... 105 8.4 tabular...................... 106 8.5................................. 106 8.6................. 112 9.1.......................... 128 9.2........................ 132 9.3...................... 132 9.4.............................. 133

1 1 1 L A TEX L A TEX 1.1 3. 1.2 1 1 1.3 L A TEX

2 1 The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it\ldots.\par When I was a young---a foolish boy---the pen was too long! So I used to break it. The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it.... When I was a young a foolish boy the pen was too long! So I used to break it. em-dash \, Stop! the man said. \par Prof.~Albert Einstein (1897--1955) was born in German (see fig.~3).\par His famous equation $ E = mc^2 $ is written in the theory. Stop! the man said. Prof. Albert Einstein (1897 1955) was born in German (see fig. 3). His famous equation E = mc 2 is written in the theory. 1897 1955 en-dash 3 (see fig. 3) fig. 3 ~ = $$ agenda \leftarrow office $$ $$ \mathit{agenda} \leftarrow \mathit{office}$$ agenda office agenda office agenda office \mathit a, g, e, n, d, a o, f, f, i, c, e L A TEX L A TEX

1.4 TEX 3 OpenOffice.org Microsoft Office L A TEX I L A TEX 1 1.4 TEX TEX [12] Donald Knuth L A TEX TEX 1.5 WYSIWYG WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get TEX WYSIWYG 1.6 TEX 1.7 L A TEX TEX Leslie Lamport L A TEX [13] L A TEX HTML

4 1 <CENTER> </CENTER> <CENTER> </CENTER> HTML L A TEX \begin{center} \end{center} HTML TEX L A TEX TEX TEX/L A TEX TEX L A TEX ptex pl A TEX 1.7.1 L A TEX L A TEX Windows *1 TEX 3 TEX TEX, Dviout, Ghostscript, GSView, jsclasses Mac OS X MacOS X WorkShop *2 MacWiki *3 Vine Linux root apt-get install task-tetex TEX 1.7.2 Leslie Lamport L A TEX 2ε [13] [2 4] L A TEX 2ε [21] [9] Another Manual [1, 22, 23] *1 http://www.ms.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~abenori/ *2 http://www.bach-phys.ritsumei.ac.jp/osxws/ *3 http://macwiki.sourceforge.jp/

5 2 2 LATEX L A TEX 2.1 2.1.1 L A TEX L A TEX 2.1 L A TEX 1 2 3 2.1 DVI *1 1. L A TEX Emacs Unix OS $ emacs file.tex & Emacs XEmacs 2.1 1 2. *1 LATEX PDF PDFLATEX

6 2 L A TEX latex latex platex $ platex file.tex 2.1 2 3. file.tex file.dvi L A TEX Unix OS $ xdvi file.dvi & & Dviout Windows 2.1 3 2.1.2 L A TEX Emacs first.tex \documentclass{jarticle} \begin{document} \LaTeX!! \end{document} Unix OS Emacs Emacs Emacs [ ]J.: Emacs: first.tex (LaTeX) [L1 All [ ] CTRL Y= [ ] [ ] *2 [ ] / Windows *2 Shift + Space

2.1 7 Unix OS L A TEX Windows [ ] [ ] command OK Windows 2 $ platex file.tex This is ptex Version 3.14159-p3.0.4 (sjis) (Web2C 7.3.9) platex2e (based on LaTeX2e <2001/06/01> patch level 0) (1) (./file.aux) ) Output written on file.dvi (1 page 236 bytes). Transcript written on file.log. file.dvi file.log file.tex file.log ls Windows dir $ ls file.* file.aux file.dvi file.log file.tex L A TEX file.tex file.aux file.dvi file.log file.tex file.tex DVI file.tex L A TEX

8 2 L A TEX 2.1.3 10 # $ % & _ { } ~ ^ \ L A TEX 3 < > 13 \# \$ \% \& \_ \{ \} # $ % & _ { } \textasciitilde \textasciicircum \textbackslash \textbar \textless \textgreater ~ ^ \ < > 2.1.4 Windows 2.1 2.1 Windows OS 2.2 Unix OS mkdir cd dir move copy del help mkdir cd ls mv cp rm help man command /? [ ] [ ] Windows

2.1 9 2.4 L A TEX Unix OS 1 2.2 command --help less less man command info command info less info Unix OS 2 $ emacs file.tex & $ platex file.tex $ xdvi file.dvi & Unix OS - -- 2.1 Windows mv move ls dir / Y= $ echo message1 >> file.txt $ echo message2 >> file.txt $ mkdir anydir $ cd anydir $ mv../file.txt./ $ ls $ more file.txt $ ls../ anydir file.txt anydir file.txt 2.1.5 L A TEX L A TEX

10 2 L A TEX? 2.2 error.tex \documentclass{jarticle} \begin{document} Hello & Goodbye! Give me $100! Give me 100%! Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing #? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! \end{document} error.tex platex error! Misplaced alignment tab character &. 1.3 Hello & Goodbye! Give me $100! Give me 100%?? 3 & Enter! You can t use macro parameter character # in math mode. l.4 Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing #? # 1 Enter! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.6 \end{document}? $ 3 6 1 Hello \& Goodbye! Give me \$100! Give me 100%! Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! 3 & $ 4 # \! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.4 Under_ bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#?

2.1 11? $ 4 _ $ Enter! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.6 \end{document}? 2 Overfull \hbox (152.35132pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--6 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Hello & Good-bye! Give me $100! Give me 100Under$[]\OML/cmm/m/it/10 arisstranger:issharpsing \OT1/cmr/m/n/10 #?\OML/cmm/m/it/10 Noits[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 # \OML/cmm/m/it/10 :Hello\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 &\OML/cmm/m/it/10 Goodbye\OT1/cmr/m/n/10!!$ Overfull \hbox DVI error.dvi <inserted text> $ L A TEX $ b r Give me 100Under b %! Under error.tex Hello \& Goodbye! Give me \$100! Give me 100\%! Under\_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! L A TEX?? Type <return> to proceed, S to scroll future error messages, R to run without stopping, Q to run quietly, I to insert something, E to edit your file, 1 or... or 9 to ignore the next 1 to 9 tokens of input, H for help, X to quit.??

12 2 L A TEX Enter S R Q L A TEX Enter Q I H X X Enter * Enter * (Please type a command or say \end ) $ \end{verbatim*} 2.1.6 OS Windows Dviout Unix OS xdvi Red Hat Fedora Core pxdvi file.dvi Windows Dviout Unix OS xdvi file.dvi xdvi $ xdvi file.dvi & Unix OS & 2.2 DVI Dviout xdvi xdvi

2.1 13 2 2.2 xdvi Quit Abort Quit Reread First Prev Next Last View PS File xdvi file.dvi PostScript DVI Quit

14 2 L A TEX 2.1.7 L A TEX ( ) \documentclass[,... ]{ }[ ] ( ) \begin{document} ( ) \end{document} \documentclass document document L A TEX Windows \alpha \maketitle \begin{ } \end{ } \begin{center} \end{center} { } \section{ } [ ] \documentclass[ ]{jbook} 2.1.8 L A TEX

2.2 L A TEX 15 file.tex input.foo output.bar 2 2.2 L A TEX L A TEX..dtx 1.cls 2.cls,... n.cls.dtx.sty.ins classes.dtx.sty.cls.clo.fd

16 2 L A TEX.tex.bib.bst.eps L A TEX BIBTEX Adobe PostScript L A TEX.log L A TEX.aux.dvi L A TEX.toc.lof.lot.bbl BIBTEX thebibliography.blg BIBTEX.jpg.bmp Windows.png Dvipdfm.bb L A TEX ebb CreateBB.mp METAPOST 2.3 L A TEX 2.3.1 \documentclass \documentclass[,... ]{ }[ ]

2.3 17 3.21.1 YYYY/MM/DD 2003 12 31 jarticle 2 \documentclass[11pt,a4j]{jarticle}[2003/12/31] 2003 12 31 L A TEX Warning 3.21.3 \usepackage \usepackage[,... ]{ }[ ] \usepackage \documentclass L A TEX Dvipdfmx \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx}[2001/01/01] graphicx 2 3 1 \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twocolumn]{article} 10pt a4paper twocolumn, graphicx amsmath makeidx \usepackage{graphicx,amsmath,makeidx} \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,oneside]{jarticle}

18 2 L A TEX \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} \usepackage[dvipdfm,usenames]{color} \begin{document}. \end{document} \documentclass[dvipdfm,10pt,a4j]{jarticle} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[usenames]{color} 2.4 TEX TEX (obsolete) Unix OS TEX Unix OS Vine Linux TEX Emacs L A TEX YaTeX Emacs L A TEX Tgif Unix OS Gnuplot Unix OS Make Makefile L A TEX WinShell (Windows) Ingo H. de Boer *3 EasyTEX (Windows) *4 TEXShop (Mac OS X) Mac OS X Richard Koch *5 PDF *3 http://cise.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/?winshell *4 http://cise.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/?easytex *5 http://cise.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/?texshop

19 3 3 L A TEX L A TEX 3.1 (document) (title) (\author) (\date) (\title) (contents) (headline) (paragraph) (indentation) 1 (punctuation) (note) (word) (character) (sentence) (paragraph) (section) (chapter) (part) (letter)

20 3 3.1 letter word sentence paragraph section chapter part L A TEX 3.2 (title) (author) (date) \title{ } \author{ } \date{ } L A TEX \begin{document} \maketitle \documentclass{jarticle} \title{ \LaTeX} \author{ } \date{2004 3 30 } \begin{document} \maketitle {\LaTeX} \end{document} L A TEX 2004 3 30 L A TEX...

3.3 21 3.3 (sectioning) (contents) (nested sections) (abstract) 3 3.3.1 L A TEX 3.2 \section 3.2 L A TEX \part[ ]{ } \chapter[ ]{ } \section[ ]{ } \subsection[ ]{ } \subsubsection[ ]{ } \paragraph[ ]{ } \subparagraph[ ]{ } article jarticle (serial number) [ ] L A TEX \chapter{ } \section{ } \chapter{ } \section{ } \subsection{ } 3.3.2 1 1.1 2 2.1 2.1.1 L A TEX (part) (chapter) (section) (subsection)

22 3 3.3 \part -1 0 \chapter 0 \section 1 \subsection 2 \subsubsection 3 \paragraph 4 \subparagraph 5 (j)article (subsubsection) (paragraph) (subparagraph) (j)article 3.4 20 L A TEX \tableofcontents (contents) \listoffigures (List of Figures) \listoftables (List of Tables) 2 3.4.1 tocdepth 3.3 jsbook \chapter \setcounter{tocdepth}{0} (j)book (j)report 2 (j)article 3 jsbook 1 3.4.2 secnumdepth secnumdepth 3.3 \subsection

3.5 23 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} 3.5 3 (abstract) (j)article abstract abstract \maketitle \maketitle \maketitle \begin{abstract} \end{abstract} (j)report \chapter* \chapter * \chapter*{ }\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } (j)book \frontmatter \chapter \begin{document} \frontmatter% \chapter{ } \mainmatter% \chapter{ } 3.6 (indentation) L A TEX

24 3 1 *1 \par \par \par \par L A TEX L A TEX \parindent \parindent=3em 3 3.6.1 \indent \noindent \indent \noindent jreport indentfirst %\section{ } \indent \indent \par \noindent *1 1947 5 3 1 3

3.7 25 3.6.2 Geoffrey Tobin setspace 3 \singlespacing \onehalfspacing 1.5 \doublespacing 2 \begin{spacing}{ } \end{spacing} spacing \usepackage{setspace} \singlespacing \par \par \doublespacing \par 2 \par \begin{spacing}{.8} \par 0.8 \par \end{spacing} 2 0.8 3.7 3.7.1 L A TEX \parindent=0pt pt L A TEX 3.4 jsclasses 3.4 L A TEX in 1 in = 25.4 mm = 72.27 pt cm 1 cm = 10 mm = 28.3 pt mm 1 mm = 2.83 pt pt 1 pt = 0.35 mm em M ex x zw 10pt

26 3 true cm truecm 3.7.2 SI 3.6 3.5 SI length l m meter mass m kg kilogram time t s second amount of substance n mol mole electric current I A ampere thermodynamic temperature T K kelvin luminous intensity I cd candela 3.6 10 n 10 n 10 12 10 9 10 6 10 3 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 12 T G M k m µ n p * tera giga mega kilo milli micro nano pico * (µ) textcomp \textmu 3\,mkg 3 3\,mkg ( ) 3\,g 3 mkg 3 3 mkg ( ) 3 g 3.8 (punctuation)

3.9 27 The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it\ldots.\par Prof.~Albert Einstein (1897--1955) was born in German (see fig.~3). The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it.... Prof. Albert Einstein (1897 1955) was born in German (see fig. 3). 3 3.9 (note) L A TEX 2 \footnote \marginpar \footnote \footnote{ } L A TEX \footnote *2 \footnote{fourier Translation} \ldots a... a Fourier Translation 3.10 (underline) (emphasis) L A TEX \emph \emph{english Emphasize} \emph{ } English Emphasize *2

28 3 3.11 3.7 * fontenc T1 3.8 i j 3.7 \i \j 3.7 å \aa ø \o \dag Ð \DJ «\guillemotleft Å \AA Ø \O \ddag ŋ \ng» \guillemotright æ \ae ı \i \pounds Ŋ \NG \guilsinglleft Æ \AE j \j! þ \th \guilsinglright œ \oe ß \ss? Þ \TH \quotedblbase Œ \OE ß \SS ð \dh \quotesinglbase ł \l \S Ð \DH " \textquotedbl Ł \L \P đ \dj 3.8 ü \"u ā \={a} à \ {a} ạ \d{a} ǎ \v{a} o \r{o} é \ {e} a \H{a} ā \b{a} ǫ \k{o} ñ \~{n} ȧ \.{a} ô \^{o} ç \c{c} ĭ \u{ı} oo \t{oo} J\"org {mu\ss} ein Gel\"ande f\"ur seine Fabrik erwerben. Jörg muß ein Gelände für seine Fabrik erwerben. 3.12 L A TEX (white space)

3.13 29 3.13 % (comment out) % comment Victor Eijkhout comment 3 \usepackage{comment} % \begin{comment} \end{comment} 3.14 (verbatim) \verb+ + verbatim \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \verb #include<stdio.h> \ldots \begin{verbatim} int main( void ){ printf("hello, World!\n"); } \end{verbatim} #include<stdio.h>... int main( void ){ printf("hello, World!\n"); } \verb verbatim \verb * \verb 134, \verb+456+, \verb9 () 9.\par \verb* 1 3 5, \verb*9ok? ok?9.\par \begin{verbatim*} int main( void ){ printf("hello, World!\n"); } \end{verbatim*} 134, 456, (). 1 3 5, ok? ok?. int main( void ){ printf("hello, World!\n"); }

30 3 3.15 quote quotation 2 Shift @ Shift 7 L A TEX Shift + 2 " Word L A TEX 1 quote quotation quote quotation \begin{quote} quote \end{quote} \begin{quotation} quotation \end{quotation} " " " " quote \begin{quote} quotation \end{quote} quote quotation

3.15 31 \,FUN: Future University-Hakodate FUNNIST FUNNIST FUN FUN: Future University-Hakodate FUNNIST FUNNIST FUN 3 3.15.1 \emph \emph{ article s name } 2004 \emph{natural} 2004 Natural 3.15.2 4 en-dash 10 30 em-dash en-dash - okumacro 3.9 When I was a dog---a big dog---i could read about 100--200 books in a day. This is a just fairy-tale. \par When I was a dog a big dog I could read about 100 200 books in a day. This is a just fairy-tale.

32 3 3.9 en-dash -- em-dash --- \ \ - - $-$ \mbox 1 {\TeX} \mbox{for-each} Perl \mbox{foreach} \mbox{x-ray} Future \mbox{university-hakodate} \mbox{if-then} TEX for-each Perl foreach X-ray Future University-Hakodate if-then 3.15.3 (line break) \ Windows Y= \\ 3.15 \\*[ ] \newline \par \newline \\ \par \parindent \verb \\ \\ \\[1cm] \par \newline \\

3.16 33 3.16 (space) 3 3.16.1 TEX (ligature) (kerning) The files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone.\par The f{}iles were found in a folder and were shuf{}f{}led by anyone. The files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone. The files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone. fl ffl My name is Thor. L A TEX I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. I wish I could. D.~E. Knuth means Donald Ervin Knuth. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. I wish I could. D. E. Knuth means Donald Ervin Knuth. Mr. Right N.Y. I N.Y. D. E. \ nnnnnnnnn \@ I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do.\par I want to be a Mr.\ Right and go to N.Y\@. Let me do. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do.

34 3 L A TEX (letter space) (word space) \ (sentence space) \@ (leading) (paragraph skip) \par 3.16.2 ~ Mr.~Sato read page~10 and looked at figure~3 and table~2 in the book. Mr. Sato read page 10 and looked at figure 3 and table 2 in the book. Hello is a greeting and I always say Hello. \par \, Hello is a greeting and I always say Hello. \, Hello is a greeting and I always say Hello. Hello is a greeting and I always say Hello. 3.16.3 TEX 4 1 \mbox English \par \mbox{}english\mbox{} English English L A TEX TEX TEX

3.17 35 \LaTeX \TeX \\ \LaTeX\ \TeX \\ {\LaTeX} {\TeX} \\ {\LaTeX} {\TeX}\\ L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX 3 \TeX and {\LaTeX}are very famous.\\ {\TeX} and {\LaTeX} are very pupular. TEXand L A TEXare very famous. TEX and L A TEX are very pupular. \TeX \TeX 3.17 (itemization) itemize enumerate 1 (a) i A description \item (nest) itemize \item itemize \item[\#] \begin{itemize} \item. \item[*]. \begin{itemize} \item. \end{itemize} \end{itemize}. *..

36 3 \begin{enumerate} \item. \item. \begin{description} \item[ 1] 1. \item[ 2] 2. \end{description} \end{enumerate} 1.. 2.. 1 1. 2 2. 3.1 file.tex 2 \documentclass[a4j]{jsarticle} \title{ \LaTeX}% \author{ }% \date{\today}% \begin{document}% \maketitle% \tableofcontents% \section{ }% \verb \section \subsection{ }% \verb \subsection % \section{ } \subsection{ } \begin{quote} \verb quotation \K{ } \verb quotation \end{quote} \subsection{ } \begin{description} \item[ ] \item[ ] \item[ ] \end{description} \end{document} 3.1

3.17 37 3 L A TEX 2006 2 20 1 1 1.1............................................. 1 2 1 2.1................................................ 1 2.2.............................................. 1 1 \section 1.1 \subsection 2 2.1 quote quotation 2.2 1 3.1

38 3 3.18 (flushing) 3.10 3.10 flushleft \raggedright center \centering flushright \raggedleft (centering) center 1 (flushright) flushright (flushleft) flushleft \begin{flushleft} \\ \end{flushleft} \begin{center} \\ \\ \end{center} \begin{flushright} \\ flushright \end{flushright} flushright \begin{flushright} \\ 2004 3 31 \end{flushright} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushright} \\ \end{flushright} \begin{center}

3.19 39 \end{center} 2004 \begin{flushright} \end{flushright} 2004 3 31 3 2004 3.19 (character) (typeface) L A TEX 3.19.1 L A TEX 3.11 {\ }

40 3 3.11 \tiny \scriptsize \footnotesize \small \normalsize \large \Large \LARGE \huge \Huge 3.12 \ 10 pt 11 pt 12 pt \tiny 5 pt 6 pt 6 pt \scriptsize 7 pt 8 pt 8 pt \footnotesize 8 pt 9 pt 10 pt \small 9 pt 10 pt 11 pt \normalsize 10 pt 11 pt 12 pt \large 12 pt 12 pt 14 pt \Large 14 pt 14 pt 17 pt \LARGE 17 pt 17 pt 20 pt \huge 20 pt 20 pt 25 pt \Huge 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt 1 {\scriptsize } {\Large } \kyocho

3.19 41 \newcommand{\kyocho}[1]{{\large#1}} \newcommand{\kyocho}[1]{{\large#1}} \kyocho{ } \Kyocho{ } 3.19.2 3 L A TEX 3.13 3.13 \textrm \rmfamily ABCabc \textsf \sffamily ABCabc \texttt \ttfamily ABCabc \textmd \mdseries ABCabc \textbf \bfseries ABCabc \textit \itshape ABCabc \textsl \slshape ABCabc \textsc \scshape ABCabc \textsf{\textbf{typeface}} {\sffamily\bfseries Typeface} Typeface Typeface \texttt{\textit{typewriter bold extended?}} \textsc{small Caps}. \textit{\textbf{bold italic}}. {\ttfamily \itshape typewriter bold extended.} Typewriter bold extended? Small Caps. Bold italic. typewriter bold extended.

42 3 {\Large\textbf Large Bold?} \\ {\textbf\large Bold Large?} Large Bold? Bold Large? 3.14 pl A TEX 3.14 \textmc \mcfamily \textgt \gtfamily \textgt{ } {\gtfamily } 3.20 L A TEX 4 1 L A TEX ptex 1 [6] [11, 19, 20] 1

3.21 43 3.21 3 L A TEX class package L A TEX L A TEX \documentclass[,... ]{ } \usepackage[,... ]{ } 11 \documentclass[twocolumn,11pt]{jarticle} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{graphicx} 2 twocolumn 11pt \documentclass[twocolumn,11pt]{jarticle} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx,color}.cls.sty 3.21.1 L A TEX pl A TEX classes.dtx classes.ins article report slides proc jarticle

44 3 jreport jbook jarticle jreport jbook jclasses 3.21.2 \documentclass 10pt, 11pt, 12pt 10pt a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, letterpaper b4paper, a4j, a5j, b4j, b5j geometry jsclasses landscape oneside, twoside oneside twoside onecolumn, twocolumn onecolumn twocolumn titlepage, notitlepage titlepage notitlepage fleqn leqno draft, final draft final final openright, openany (j)report (j)book openright openany (j)report openany (j)book openright jsclasses jsarticle jsbook jspf

3.21 45 jclasses *3 jsarticle jsbook jspf jsclasses 9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt, 14pt, 17pt, 20pt, 21pt, 25pt, 30pt, 36pt, 43pt, 12Q, 14Q a4paper, a5paper, a6paper, b5paper, b4paper, a4j, a5j, b4j, b5j, a4var, b5var english papersize report \chapter jsbook 3 3.21.3 L A TEX \usepackage[ ]{ } $ platex filename.dtx filename.dvi DVI filename.dtx Windows Unix OS find L A TEX $texmf/tex/latex/base L A TEX AMS-L A TEX American Mathematical Society AMS-TEX TEX L A TEX AMS-L A TEX amsmath babel L A TEX graphicx color *3 (j)classes

46 3 tools L A TEX3 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3 tools $texmf/tex/latex/tools array calc dcolumn delarray hhline longtable tabularx afterpage bm enumerate ftnright indentfirst layout multicol showkeys theorem varioref verbatim xr xspace array tabular tabular* L A TEX tabular \clearpage \afterpage enumerate 2 jarticle jreport \chapter \section \label \ref \cite keys indind verbatim

47 4 4 L A TEX 4.1 (references) Oren Patashnik BIBTEX JBIBTEX thebibliography \bibitem JBIBTEX file.bib JBIBTEX \cite

48 4 4.2 thebibliography \bibitem[ ]{ } thebibliography \begin{thebibliography}{ } \bibitem[ ]{ } \end{thebibliography} \cite ~\cite[ ]{ } \cite{kk1981} ~\cite{kk1981} \cite{ay1991} ~\cite{kk1981,ay1991} ~\cite[chapter.~8]{kk1981}\cite[pp.80--89]{ay1991} \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{kk1981} 624 1981 \bibitem{ay1991} Ada Young. \emph{the Art of Awk Programming}. \textbf{5}. Angus Univ.~Press. 1991. \end{thebibliography} [1] [1][2] [1,2] [Chapter. 8; 1][pp.80 89; 2] [1] 624 1981 [2] Ada Young. The Art of awk programming. 5. Angus Univ. Press. 1991. thebibliography 9 \begin{thebibliography}{9} 2 \begin{thebibliography}{99}

4.2 49 4.2.1 thebibliography \bibitem[ ]{ }...,.. 4 1999 \bibitem[mirai 1999]{MT1999}. 1999,. Taro Mirai \begin{thebibliography}{watanabe 2000} \bibitem[hokkai 1997]{HM1997a} Michiko Hokkai. \emph{going My Way}. 1997, Future. \bibitem[hokkai 1999]{HM1999a}.. 1999,. \bibitem[watanabe 2000]{NN2000a}.. 2000, NNN. \end{thebibliography} [Hokkai 1999] [Watanabe 2000] [Hokkai 1997] [Hokkai 1999] [Mirai 1999] Michiko Hokkai. Going My Way. 1997, Future... 1999,.. 1999,. [Watanabe 2000].. 2000, NNN. Michiko Hokkai 2 [ ] [ ]

50 4 4.3 L A TEX JBIBTEX [14, 24] 4.3.1 JBIBTEX L A TEX.bib 4.3.2 file.bib @ {, } 1 = { 1 }, 2 = { 2 }, @book{tm2004a, author = { }, yomi = {Taro Mirai}, title = { }, publisher = { }, year = {2004}, note = {007//Wa}, } @ @ book book

4.3 51 TM2004a author yomi title publisher year note yomi 4 file.bib \cite 4.2 4.3.3 L A TEX \bibliography \bibliographystyle{ } \bibliography{ }.bib.bib \documentclass{jsarticle} \begin{document} ~\cite{tw2004a} \bibliographystyle{jplain} \bibliography{ref} \end{document} JBIBTEX $ platex file $ jbibtex file $ platex file $ platex file JBIBTEX This is JBibTeX, Version 0.99c-j0.33 (Web2C 7.5.2) The top-level auxiliary file: file.aux The style file: jplain.bst Database file #1: ref.bib

52 4 file.bbl 1 JBIBTEX 2 file.aux 3 jplain.bst ref.bib JBIBTEX JBIBTEX file.blg \cite \nocite \nocite{ } \nocite 3 1 JBIBTEX file.bbl 3 Make latexmk 4.3.4 \bibliographystyle{ } \bibliography{,... } \bibliographystyle jplain \bibliography 1 1 @book{label, book 4.1 author title publisher year 4.2 4.3 author author={ and and }

4.3 53 4.1 article book booklet inbook incollection inproceedings manual masterthesis phdthesis misc 4 and author editor author={ and others} jplain et al. 4.3.5 BIBTEX jplain plain alpha abbrv unsrt 4 jplain jalpha jabbrv junsrt WWW jplain [1],. 2000.. NNN. jalpha 3 key [NG 2000],. 2000.. NNN. jabbrv [1],. 2000.. NNN. junsrt [1],, 2000.. NNN.

54 4 4.2 address annote author booktitle chapter crossref edition editor howpublished journal key month note number organization pages publisher school series title volume year 4.3.6 4.1 (book) (author) (title) (publisher) (year) (volume) (series) (edition) 2004 [ 3 ] L A TEX 2ε @book{bibunsyo, author = { }, yomi = {Haruhiko Okumura}, title = {[ 3 ] \LaTeXe\ },

4.3 55 4.3 article book booklet inbook incollection inproceedings manual masterthesis misc phdthesis author title journal year volume number pages month note author title publisher, year volume series address edition month note title author howpublished adddress month year note author title chapter pages publisher year volume series type note address edition month booktitle author title year publisher editor volume series type month note address edition author title booktitle year editor volume series pages address month organization publisher note title author address edition month year note organization author title school year type address month note author title howpublished month year note author title school year type address month note 4 } publisher = { }, year = {2004}, note = {021.49/Ok}, (yomi) 4.2 (author) (title) (journal) (year) (volume) (number) (pages)

56 4 The RoboCup Synthetic Agent Challenge 97 @inproceedings{eo1997, author = {Ei-ichi Osawa and others}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: IJCAI-97}, title = {The RoboCup Synthetic Agent Challenge~97}, volume = 1, pages = {24--29}, year = 1997, } (conference) (proceeding) inproceedings 4.3 WWW URL (howpublished) (year, month) (title) (author) TEX Wiki @misc{ho2006, howpublished = {\url{http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/}}, author = { }, yomi = {Haruhiko Okumura}, title = {{\TeX\ Wiki}}, year = 2006, month = 2, } url \url 9.11 TEX Wiki 4.1 4.3 JBIBTEX file.bbl \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{ho2004}. \newblock [ 3 ] \LaTeXe\. \newblock, 2004.

4.3 57 \newblock 021.49/Ok. \bibitem{ho2006}. \newblock {\TeX\ Wiki}. \newblock \url{http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/}, 2 2006. \bibitem{eo1997} Ei-ichi Osawa, et~al. \newblock The robocup synthetic agent challenge~97. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: IJCAI-97}, Vol.~1, pp.~24--29, 1997. \end{thebibliography} 4 file.bbl [1]. [ 3 ] L A TEX 2ε., 2004. 021.49/Ok. [2]. TEX Wiki. http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/, 2 2006. [3] Ei-ichi Osawa, et al. The robocup synthetic agent challenge 97. In Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: IJCAI- 97, Vol. 1, pp. 24 29, 1997. et al. en-dash 4.3.7 \cite{ 1, 2,..., n } [3,2,5,1] [1-3,5] Donald Arseneau cite hyperref [1-3,5] 4.3.8 cite nospace space nosort

58 4 \usepackage[space]{cite} 4.4 4.4 cite \citeform \citepunct \citeleft [ \citeright ] \citemid \cite mycite.tex \documentclass[12pt]{jsarticle} \usepackage{cite} \begin{document} ~\cite[p.~130]{first,second,third,sixth,fifth} \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{first} First Name. \emph{ }. 1991,. \bibitem{second} Second Name. \emph{ }. 1992,. \bibitem{third} Third Name. \emph{ }. 1993,. \bibitem{forth} Forth Name. \emph{ }. 1995,. \bibitem{fifth} Fifth Name. \emph{ }. 1994,. \bibitem{sixth} Sixth Name. \emph{ }. 1990,. \end{thebibliography} \end{document} [1 3,5,6; p. 130] \cite p. 130 \usepackage \renewcommand\citemid{; } \renewcommand\citeleft{ } \renewcommand\citeright{ } \renewcommand\citepunct{,} 1 3,5,6; p. 130 \citeform \renewcommand\citeform[1]{\romannumeral 0#1} i iii,v,vi; p. 130

59 5 5 L A TEX 5.1 L A TEX DVI DVI Device Independent DVI DVI DVI file.dvi.dvi PostScript Adobe 1.3 Unix OS PostScript PostScript PS.ps file.ps.gz PostScript PostScript EPS Encapsulated PostScript PDF PDF Portable Document Format Adobe PostScript 2006 2 1.6 1.3 PDF 2006 2 L A TEX

60 5 PDF PDFL A TEX HTML HTML HyperText Markup Language Hyper Link HTML HTML XHTML L A TEX L A TEX 5.1.1 DVI DVI DeVice Independent L A TEX DVI DVI DVI DVI Windows Dviout Unix OS xdvi Red Hat Fedora Core pxdvi Mac OS X Mxdvi 5.1.2 PostScript Adobe PostScript PostScript PostScript L A TEX PostScript PostScript Ghostscript 5.1.3 PDF Adobe PDF PDF Portable Document Format PDF PDF Adobe Reader Windows Foxit Software Company Foxit Reader Mac OS X Unix OS Xpdf

5.2 DVI PDF Dvipdfmx 61 5.2 DVI PDF Dvipdfmx Mark Wicks Dvipdfm [28] DVI PDF Dvipdfm Cho Jin-Hwan Dvipdfmx project team Dvipdfmx Dvipdfm Dvipdfmx Dvipdfmx PDF HyperTEX Tpic JPEG PNG EPS EPDF, BMP (BMP 2005 8 ) PDF Dvipdfmx 5 -o file.dvi file.pdf -p. a4 letter, a6, a5, a4, a3, b5, b5, b4, b3, b5var -s -s 3-5,10-20 3 5 10 20 PDF -s 15-15 -r PDF 600dpi -V PDF 2 6 -z 0 9 9 9 0 -v DVI 15 20 PDF $ dvipdfmx -s 15-20 -o output.pdf input.dvi.dvi PDF Adobe Reader Acrobat Reader dvipdfm DVI ** ERROR ** Unable to open output.pdf 1 PDF

62 5 5.3 DVI PS dvipsk Tomas Rokicki Karl Berry Kpathsearch dvipsk DVI PS dvipsk Windows dvipsk Unix OS dvips Red Hat Fedora Core pdvips $ dvips filename.dvi.dvi dvipsk -D dpi -o -t a0 a8 b0 b8 letter -T, 21cm,27cm \AtBeginDvi{\special{papersize=210mm,270mm}} -p L A TEX -l L A TEX -pp L A TEX 11,21-35 -P config.ps config.pdf $ dvipsk -Ppdf filename Type1 DVI EPS $ dvipsk -E -Pdl -pp14 -o outp14.eps input EPS outp14.eps EPS

63 6 L A TEX 6 6.1 HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language XHTML: Extended Hyper Text Markup Language L A TEX HTML XHTML 6.2 L A TEX 6.2.1 L A TEX L A TEX < $<$ < L A TEX L A TEX \ { } $ & # ^ _ ~ % 10

64 6 6.2.2 < < < j \% L A TEX 1 L A TEX \ Y= \section \3 \# \ {, $ \maketitle \section \ttfamily \begin{ } \end{ } document

6.2 65 6.2.3 L A TEX \newcommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \renewcommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \newcommand \newcommand{\example}{ } {\example} 6 \newcommand{\example}[2]{#1 #2 } \example{ }{ } \example \newcommand{\example}[2][ ]{% #1#2 } \example{ } \example{ }\par \example[]{ } \example[ ]{ } \newcommand # n 1 9 \newcommand{\seq}[2][n]{% \{#2_{0},#2_{1},\ldots,#2_{#1}\}} $\seq{a}$ $\seq[k]{x}$ {a 0, a 1,..., a n} {x 0, x 1,..., x k } \newcommand 9 \renewcommand L A TEX

66 6 \newenvironment{ }[ ][ ]{ }{ } \renewenvironment{ }[ ][ ]{ }{ } \newenvironment \newcommand \renewenvironment cemph \newenvironment{cemph}% {\begin{center}\begin{em}}% {\end{em}\end{center}} \begin{cemph} \end{cemph} 6.2.4 name@server.co.jp name @ server. co. jp name @ @ at jp co server. @. L A TEX

6.2 67 L A TEX L A TEX @ @ \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2} 6 \newcommand{\hoge}{\h@ge} \hoge @ @ \makeatletter @ \makeatother @ \def\makeatletter{\catcode \@11\relax} \def\makeatother{\catcode \@12\relax} @ \catcode 11 12 6.1 \documentclass{jsarticle} \makeatletter \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2} \newcommand{\hoge}{\h@ge} \makeatother \begin{document} \hoge{ }{ } \end{document} @ \makeatletter \makeatother

68 6 6.1 0 \ Y= 1 { 2 } 3 $ 4 & 5 0x0D 6 # 7 ^ 8 _ 9 1 10 11 A Z a z 12 (!? 1 2 @ 13 ~ 14 % 15 0x7E TEX 16 1 2 17 18 1 6.2.5 \newcommand{\twoarg}[2]{#1! #2? } \twoarg a b \twoarg{ }{ } \twoarg{\latex}{\latexe} a! b?!? L A TEX! L A TEX 2ε? \newcommand{\twoarg}[2]{#1! #2? } \twoarg\latex\latexe \twoarg\latex2\latex3 L A TEX! L A TEX 2ε? L A TEX! 2? L A TEX3 6.2.4 L A TEX 2

6.3 69 2 6.3 TEX/L A TEX 2 L A TEX \ttfamily \itshape \normalfont 6 roman {\ttfamily tt {\itshape it} tt \normalfont it} roman roman tt it tt it roman \ttfamily L A TEX roman \texttt{ tt \textit{it} tt \normalfont it} roman roman tt it tt it roman \normalfont \normalfont roman {\ttfamily tt {\normalfont \itshape it} tt} roman\par roman \texttt{tt {\normalfont \textit{it}} tt} roman roman tt it tt roman roman tt it tt roman 6.4 center \begin{center} \end{center}

70 6 \centering {\centering } center \begin{center} \end{center} \textsf \sffamily Roman. \textsf{roman?\par This is sans serif family.} Roman! sffont \newenvironment{sffont}{\sffamily}{} Roman. \begin{sffont} Roman?\par This is sans serif family. \end{sffont} Roman! Roman. Roman? This is sans serif family. Roman! \sffamily Roman! {\sffamily sans serif family.} Roman! Roman! sans serif family. Roman! \begin{ } \end{ } \begin{< >} < > \end{< >} L A TEX {\ < > < > < >} \sffamily

6.5 71 Roman? \begin{sffamily} This is sans serif family. \end{sffamily} Roman! Roman? This is sans serif family. Roman! 6.5 6 \section equation float enumerate \label \label{ } \ref \pageref 2 \ref{ } \pageref{ } \ref \section %\section{ }\label{sec:xr} \pageref{sec:xr}~ \ref{sec:xr}~ 71 6.5 3 6.5.1 L A TEX

72 6 L A TEX 6.2 6.2 part chapter section subsection subsubsection paragraph subparagraph page equation figure table footnote mpfootnote enumi enumii enumiii enumiv minipage enumerate enumerate enumerate enumerate 6.5.2 L A TEX int jsbook \chpater \section \newcounter{section}[chpater]

6.6 73 \newcounter{ }[ ] \setcounter{ }{ } \addtocounter{ }{ } \stepcounter{ } \refstepcounter{ } \value{ } \newcounter \setcounter \addtocounter \stepcounter \refstepcounter \stepcounter \refstepcounter 0 \value \arabic{ } 1, 2, 3,... \roman{ } i, ii, iii,... \Roman{ } I, II, III,... \alph{ } a, b, c,..., z \Alph{ } A, B, C,..., Z \fnsymbol{ } *,,,... 6 \section section \renewcommand{\thesection}{\roman{section}} 6.6 6.3 6.3 chap: \chapter sec: \section fig: figure \caption tab: \table \caption equ: \equation eqnarray

74 6 \section{ }\label{sec:addmix} \section{ }\label{sec:submix} \ref{sec:addmix}~ \pp{\pageref{sec:addmix} } 6.3 \section{ }\label{sec:addmixcolor} $i$ $c_i$ ~\ref{equ:addmixcolor} \begin{equation} c_i = r_i + g_i + b_i\label{equ:addmixcolor} \end{equation} ~\ref{tab:addmixcolor} \begin{table}[htbp] % \caption{ }\label{tab:addmixcolor} \end{table} ~\ref{fig:addmixcolor} \begin{figure}[htbp] % \caption{ }\label{fig:addmixcolor} \end{figure} \section{ }\label{sec:submixcolor} \ref{sec:addmixcolor}~ (\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) 3.1 i c i 3.1 3.1 c i = r i + g i + b i (3.1) 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 (5 ) 6.3 \newcommand*{\chaplab}[1]{\label{chap:#1}}%

6.6 75 \newcommand*{\chapref}[1]{ ~\ref{chap:#1}~ }% \newcommand*{\seclab}[1]{\label{sec:#1}}% \newcommand*{\secref}[1]{\ref{sec:#1}~ }% \newcommand*{\figlab}[1]{\label{fig:#1}}% \newcommand*{\figref}[1]{ ~\ref{fig:#1}}% \newcommand*{\tablab}[1]{\label{tab:#1}}% \newcommand*{\tabref}[1]{ ~\ref{tab::#1}}% \newcommand*{\equlab}[1]{\label{equ:#1}}% \newcommand*{\equref}[1]{ ~\ref{equ::#1}}% \section{ }\seclab{addmixcolor} $i$ $c_i$ \eqref{addmixcolor} \begin{equation} c_i = r_i + g_i + b_i\eqlab{addmixcolor} \end{equation} \tabref{addmixcolor} \begin{table}[htbp] % \caption{ }\tablab{addmixcolor} \end{table} \figref{addmixcolor} \begin{figure}[htbp] % \caption{ }\figlab{addmixcolor} \end{figure} \section{ }\seclab{submixcolor} \secref{addmixcolor}(\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) 6 1 \secref{addmixcolor}(\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) sec: \newcommand*{\fullchapref}[1]{ \ref{chap:#1} (\pageref{chap:#1} )} \newcommand*{\fullsecref}[1]{\ref{sec:#1}~ (\pageref{sec:#1} )} \newcommand*{\fullfigref}[1]{ ~\ref{fig:#1} (\pageref{fig:#1} )} \newcommand*{\fulltabref}[1]{ ~\ref{tab::#1} (\pageref{tab:#1} )} \newcommand*{\fullequref}[1]{ ~\ref{equ::#1} (\pageref{equ:#1} )} \section{ }\seclab{submixcolor} \fullsecref{addmixcolor}

76 6 L A TEX 1 myref.sty *1 6.6.1 showkeys \label \pageref \ref \label, \pageref, \ref David Carlisle showkeys \label \newlabel \ref, \pageref \usepackage{showkeys} \section{ } \subsection{ }\label{sec:back} \ref{sec:goal}~ \subsection{ }\label{sec:goal} \ref{sec:back}~ \par \par ~\pageref{sec:back} sec:back sec:goal 1.1 sec:goal 1.2 1.2 sec:back 1.1 sec:back 1 6.6.2 L A TEX LaTeX Warning: Label key multiply defined \label Reference key on page n undefined Label(s) may have changed. Return to get cross-ferecenses right. 1 1 *1 http://tex.dante.jp/ron/

77 7 L A TEX TEX 7 7.1 L A TEX L A TEX math italic 7.2 2 equation eqnarray 7.2.1 3

78 7 $ $ \( \) \begin{math} \end{math} \( \) math math $a$ 2 $b$ 2 $c$ 2 \( a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \) {\LaTeX} \begin{math} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \end{math} a 2 b 2 c 2 a 2 + b 2 = c 2 L A TEX a 2 + b 2 = c 2 ^ 7.2.2 a x + y L A TEX \( a^x+y \neq a^{x+y} \) a x + y a x+y L A TEX 7.2.3 L A TEX 3 $$ $$ \[ \] \begin{displaymath} \end{displaymath} fleqn \[ \] displaymath \[ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 \] c 2 = a 2 + b 2

7.2 79 \begin{displaymath} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \end{displaymath} a 2 + b 2 = c 2 7.2.4 1 equation \begin{equation} \label{ } \end{equation} 7 equation 1 6.5 \begin{equation} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \label{eq:equ} \end{equation} ~(\ref{eq:equ}) $c^2$ $a^2+b^2$ a 2 + b 2 = c 2 (7.1) (7.1) c 2 a 2 + b 2 7.2.5 \begin{eqnarray*} & (=) & \\ & (=) & \end{eqnarray*} = eqnarray* 3 1 & \\ \begin{eqnarray*} f(x) & = & x^2 \\ f (x) & = & 2x \end{eqnarray*} f(x) = x 2 f (x) = 2x 7.2.6 eqnarray eqnarray*

80 7 1 \\ \nonumber \begin{eqnarray} f(x) &=& x^2 \label{eq1}\\ f (x) &=& 2x \label{eq2}\\ \int f(x)dx&=& x^3/3+c\nonumber \end{eqnarray} ~(\ref{eq1}) ~(\ref{eq2}) f(x) = x 2 (7.2) Z f (x) = 2x (7.3) f(x)dx = x 3 /3 + C (7.2) (7.3) 7.3 7.1 7.1 \mathnormal ABCabc \mathrm ABCabc \mathsf ABCabc \mathtt ABCabc \mathbf ABCabc \mathit ABCabc \mathcal ABC \begin{displaymath} \int f(x)dx \neq \int f(x)\mathrm{d}x \end{displaymath} Z Z f(x)dx f(x)dx amssymb amsmath \text 7.2

7.4 81 7.2 amssymb \mathfrak ABCabc \mathbb ABC \text \usepackage{amssymb} $$ x\in\mathbf{r} \neq x\in\mathbb{r}$$ $$ f(x)=1/(1+g(x)), (x=3\text{ })$$ x R x R f(x) = 1/(1 + g(x)), (x = 3 ) 7.4 7 L A TEX 7.3 dx 7.3 dx dy dxdy \, dx\, dy dx dy \: dx\: dy dx dy \; dx\; dy dx dy \ dx\ dy dx dy \quad dx\quad dy dx dy 2 \qquad dx\qquad dy dx dy \! dx\!dy dxdy \[ \int\int f(x)dxdy \neq \int\!\!\!\int f(x)\ dx\ dy \] Z Z ZZ f(x)dxdy f(x) dx dy 7.5

82 7 7.5.1 L A TEX ^{ } _{ } 2 1 7.4 7.4 x^{a+b} x a+b {}^{a+b}x a+b x x_{a+b} x a+b {}_{a+b}x a+bx x^{a+b}_{c+d} x a+b c+d {}^{a}_{b}x a b x x^{a^{b}} x ab {}_{a}x_{b} ax b 7.4 \( {}^{a+b}_{x+y}a^{a+b}_{x+y} \) a+b x+y Aa+b x+y ^ _ \sp \sb \( A^4_3 \neq A\sp4\sb3 \) A 4 3 A 4 3 Harald harders leftidx \leftidx{ }{ }{ } \ltrans{ } \ltrans \begin{eqnarray*} {}_a^b\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)_c^d & \neq& \leftidx{_a^b}{ \left( \frac{x}{y} \right) }{_c^d}\\ {}^\mathrm{t} A &\neq& \ltrans{a} \end{eqnarray*} b a «d x y c b a t A t A «d x y c

7.5 83 7.5.2 d d L A TEX 7.5 7.5 arccos \arccos cot \cot exp \exp lim inf \liminf sec \sec arcsin \arcsin coth \coth gcd \gcd lim sup \limsup sin \sin arctan \arctan csc \csc hom \hom log \log sinh \sinh arg \arg deg \deg inf \inf max \max sup \sup cos \cos det \det ker \ker min \min tan \tan cosh \cosh dim \dim lim \lim Pr \Pr tanh \tanh 7 \[ cos^2x+sin^2x \neq \cos^2x+\sin^2x \] cos 2 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x + sin 2 x \bmod \bmod{ } (2 ) \pmod{ } \( \mathrm M\bmod{\mathrm N} \neq \mathrm M\pmod{\mathrm N} \) M mod N M (mod N) 7.5.3 7.6 \begin{displaymath} \int^b_a f(x)dx \neq \sqrt{\frac{1}{f(x)}} \end{displaymath} Z b a s 1 f(x)dx f(x) \begin{displaymath} \sqrt{\frac{1}{g(x)}+\sqrt{\int f(x)dx}} \end{displaymath} v s u Z t 1 g(x) + f(x)dx \begin{displaymath} \frac{1}{g(x)} + \frac{1}{5x^2+8x+5} \end{displaymath} 1 g(x) + 1 5x 2 + 8x + 5

84 7 7.6 \frac{ }{ } \sqrt{ } \sqrt[ ]{ } \int^{ }_{ } \sum^{ }_{ } \sum \int \limits \nolimits \limits \nolimits \limits \nolimits \begin{eqnarray*} \sum\nolimits^n_{k=0}k &\neq& \sum^n_{k=0}k\\ \int^b_a dx &\neq&\int\limits^b_a dx \end{eqnarray*} X n k X n k k=0 Z b dx a a k=0 Z b dx \begin{eqnarray*} \lim\nolimits_{n\rightarrow0}n &\neq& \lim_{n\rightarrow0} n \\ \prod^n_{i=1}n &\neq& \prod\nolimits^n_{i=1}n \end{eqnarray*} lim n 0 n lim n n 0 ny n Y n i=1 i=1 n 7.5.4 L A TEX ( ) \left \right

7.5 85 \begin{displaymath} \left[ \Big(x+y\Big) \right] \end{displaymath} h i x + y 7.7 L A TEX 7.7 ( ( \rfloor \updownarrow { \lbrace ) ) \lfloor \Uparrow \rceil [ [ \arrowvert \Downarrow \lceil ] ] \Arrowvert \Updownarrow \lmoustache { \{ \Vert \ \backslash \rmoustache } \} \vert \rangle \lgroup \uparrow \langle \rgroup 7 \ \downarrow } \rbrace \bracevert \left \right \left \right 7.7 \begin{displaymath} \left( \frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{1+x}} \right) \end{displaymath}! 1 1 + 1 1+x \[ \left\lmoustache \left\{ \left(\frac{1}{x}+1\right) +\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+2\right) \right\} \right\rmoustache \] 8 «>;j 1 1 x + 1 + «ff9> x + 2 : 2 \begin{displaymath} \left\uparrow \int f(x)dx \right. +\left\lgroup \int g(x)dx \right\rgroup \end{displaymath} xz? 8Z f(x)dx + >: 9 g(x)dx >; 7.8

86 7 7.8 / ( ) \ / ( ) \big/ \bigl( \bigr) \bigm \bigm\ / ( ) \Big/ \Bigl( \Bigr) \Bigm \Bigm\ / ( ) \bigg/ \biggl( \biggr) \biggm \biggm\ / ( ) \Bigg/ \Biggl( \Biggr) \Biggm \Biggm\ \begin{displaymath} \Biggl\ \Biggl( \int f(x) dx \Biggr) \Biggm/ \Biggl( \int g(x) dx \Biggr) \Biggr\ \end{displaymath} Z f(x)dx!, Z g(x)dx! 7.8 \big \Big \bigl \bigm \bigr \big \big \left \right \[ \left\ \left( \int f(x) dx \right) \Biggm/ \left( \int g(x) dx \right) \right\ \] Z «, Z f(x)dx g(x)dx«. \[ \left( \left\uparrow \int f(x)dx + \int g(x)dx \right. \right) \] x??? Z Z f(x)dx + «g(x)dx 7.5.5 L A TEX array array math \[ \] $ $ array \begin{array}{ } a 11 &... & a 1n \\. &... &. \\ a m1 &... & a mn \end{array}