16.3 39 2000 28.5 18 2000 20.6 15 1998 1 42 160 140 1
2001 OECD Multifactor Productivity 1 13 OECD 10 1 However, importantly, not all countries with increased expenditure on business R&D saw an improvement in MFP. The way in which R&D funds are allocated (e.g. the institutions to which they are directed, the fields of science and industry to which they are related, and the kinds of mechanisms used to finance R&D) and the processes for commercializing and disseminating knowledge, matter crucially. 2
3
2.9 97 01 2001 439,175 10.3 97 01 326,081 2001 10.9 97 01 110,025 2001 439,175 436,865 44 45 4
261,690 253,826 84 91 5 50 5
6 6 10 5 60 60
7 1.4 5.47.6 1999 1999 ACCJ 2
3 2001 4 2002 5 2000 12 99 86 2001 7,210 1996 8 1999.9.16 3 4 5 8
9 96 01 24.6 30.8 PCT PCT PCT 40
PCT 10
JPO USPTO EPO JPO 22 11
Number 1: from first to last, the focus is on quality 6 2002 12
13
2006 7 7 No.2819999pp.59 (2) 14
15
3,000 2000 7 2001 3.2 16