6ﾑ8. ﾞ07 0402 040702090ｹ0, 03. 09 apple 07020ｷ3076ｧ9080ｸ7,. 04 0402 030702090ｹ0, 6ｾ4. 09000408096ｧ902090ｹ0, ﾞ. ﾞ070204 02036ｧ80ｹ0 ﾞ ｯ 09 06000ｸ70206026ｧ8 & 縺0ｸ707 06020803080906026ｧ8 ﾒ03060706026ｧ8 09 0700apple06040209006ｧ9080ｸ7 ﾞ0309070607, 03080408020800006ｧ908 00 ﾞ0300010707 03 03 ﾒ0ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 0000 080ｸ70406080308090602fi 04030ｷ30008040ｷ30006 02fi 閨0300090408. ﾞ0309fi03060300080ｹ0 07020600000206apple0604090ｹ0 ﾞ03030903080903 086ｧ9 : 6ﾑ8. ﾞ07 0402 040702090ｹ0 ﾒ080ｸ70702080ｸ703060602080ｸ7 14, 09070ｷ3 080306036ｧ8040406 152 35, ﾞ036ｧ807 e-mail: loufty28@yahoo.gr ﾒ 02 02 閨03090200 13.10.2005 0309060700 0002026ｧ8 15.11.2005 0900036ｧ903096 709 6ﾒ208 020ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 040400026ｧ9ｨB0002 06 0000 04030ｷ30008040ｷ300 020602 閨0ｹ0 070ｷ300 036ｧ9000ｹ0, 040ｸ7070903 閨04020003 046ｦ007 03080008 Turner. ﾇ 060709070ｷ30409 02080ｸ7 020ｸ704020602086ｦ0 0ｸ7090306-00 02080ｹ0 00apple0803006ｧ9 07 096ｧ9070006 applefi 0208 apple03060208 02036ｧ900090708 02090ｹ0 0009020ｸ70008046ｦ007090ｹ0, 0208 閨006 5030ｸ708 apple03 鐶pple0006 07 060003000ｸ7070702 06 02 06 0906 070303000ｹ0 apple0603 07 閨0ｹ0 06 00 03-026ｧ9000ｹ0 02 06 00apple066 50703030002 06 08 閨03000904080ｹ0 02 030ｸ7fi020ｸ7apple080ｸ7. fi090ｷ3 02090ｹ0 000806030009fi000007090ｹ0 apple03fi09070ｷ304090ｹ0 09 apple030809000707090206026ｧ8 040ｸ7006 5080ｸ7-03000ｸ70206026ｧ8 apple08020207 06 06 6ｧ902000309 040900 046ｧ9. 縺06 020907 閨09020ｸ70309 07020600000206apple06-0409 02 閨0208060ｷ307 apple0003060402 0206020607, 09 0203060706026ｧ8 00 0ｹ0 apple030802006ｧ9070006 閨07 07 0309fi- 0306030008 06 04006ｧ9030604090ｹ0 00006 5036ｦ00ｷ307 0000 020ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300. 閨0100060ｹ0 02030006 0607: 020ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300, 02 030ｸ7fi020ｸ7apple080ｹ0, 06 04006ｧ903060409 6ﾑ80604 090ｷ3096ｧ8 0900 02060ｹ0 0ｸ707 02fi020902000ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 00 0ｹ0 apple 03 閨040006 09 046ｦ0090403080709 0ｸ7apple0003090408-0903 086ｧ9, 006ｧ907 06 0ｸ707 02fi 07 0003 閨0901080ｸ70000 0300apple020800 閨030006000ｹ0 02090ｹ0 0ｸ7086ｧ80ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0203 046ｧ803080ｸ7 applefi 02 02 閨0309 02080ｸ7 apple030602080ｸ7 020306006ｧ807080ｸ7. 0906 applefi 02060ｹ0 040ｸ70407fi020003000ｹ0 070ｷ300 036ｧ9000ｹ0 02090ｹ0 apple00030608046ｧ80ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ0 006ｧ907 06 0208 020ｸ7-04020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300. 0903fi02000602 06 0906 070ｷ300 036ｧ9 apple080ｸ7 00070208apple6ｧ9ｨB0002 06 040ｸ7076ｧ8030ｷ30ｹ0 04020807 0ｸ7-04 閨07 02080ｸ7 00006 5036ｦ0080ｸ7 02 06 006ｧ907 06 0ｸ707 02fi 07 06 08080308-06 09070ｷ30403006ｧ9 applefi 0009020008 0308026ｧ80309, 00090706090908026ｧ80309, 6ｧ8 026ｦ0040209 applefi 070303080ｸ70ｹ0 060402086ｦ00ｹ0. ﾌ fi03080ｹ0 006ｦ009030ｷ300 03 040900 6ｧ9070006 0ｸ7 036ｧ80ｹ0 fi0902080ｹ0 02 06 apple03fi- 02000602 06 0906 070ｷ300 036ｧ9 02080ｸ7 030000080602086ｦ0 040ｸ704026ｧ800 02080ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 04 03-020209036ｧ9ｨB0002 06 applefi 0008076ｧ80309 6ｧ8 apple080303 apple03 閨0ｹ0 026ｦ0040200060ｹ0 00 閨04 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 00-173
13 ﾒ0ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 0000 080ｸ70406080308090602fi 04030ｷ30008040ｷ30006 02fi 閨0300090408. ﾞ0309fi03060300080ｹ0 07020600000206apple0604090ｹ0 ﾞ07 0402 040702090ｹ0 02 06 040ｸ707. 03 02086ｦ00ｹ0 060402086ｦ00ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0ｸ704 閨07. 1 6ﾒ208 020ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 040ｸ7040707 040400026ｧ9ｨB0002 06 0000 04030ｷ3-0008040ｷ30006 02 閨0ｹ0 070ｷ300 036ｧ9000ｹ0 fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 04. Turner, 04. Down 02 06 04. Edward 02 06 0ｷ30ｹ0 0002 02086ｦ002080ｸ7 00apple06-6 50703030002 06 閨03000904080ｹ0 02 030ｸ7fi020ｸ7apple080ｸ7 02080ｸ7 00006 5036ｦ0080ｸ7 0400 02070300 apple00036ｧ9apple020ｷ30409 apple080ｸ7 07060407006ｦ00002 06. ﾇ 0607-09070ｷ30409 02080ｸ7 020ｸ704020602086ｦ0 0ｸ709030600 02080ｹ0 00apple0803006ｧ9 07 096ｧ9-070006 applefi 0208 apple03060208 02036ｧ900090708 02090ｹ0 0009020ｸ70008046ｦ007090ｹ0 02 06 00000207 0209 060709070ｷ30409 02080ｸ7, 0208 閨006 5030ｸ708 apple03 鐶pple0006 07 060003000ｸ7070702 06 02 06 0906 070303000ｹ0 06 00 03026ｧ9000ｹ0 applefi 070303 040ｸ704026ｧ800 02. 1 08apple00030904080903 08060207 09 060709070ｷ30409 096ｧ9070002 06 0000 020907 apple000602fi07060409 020ｷ307 04 03 0202090306040206020607 000803080ｷ30007-020ｷ307 04020807 0ｸ704 閨07 02080ｸ7 00006 5036ｦ0080ｸ7. ﾇ 06 00 03026ｧ9 0ｸ7026ｧ8 閨040006 04 03 0202090306040206026ｧ8 020ｸ76 7000306 0ｷ3026ｧ8 00000807-07060409 apple080ｸ7 0808006ｧ9030002 06 04020907 6ｦ0apple 030109 apple080303 apple030607 06 0803 090007020ｷ307. 0900090703000ｹ0 6 503076 5000ｹ0 閨04080ｸ707 040ｸ7076ｧ8-030ｷ30ｹ0 040208 00 閨0408 02080ｸ70ｹ0 閨07 apple 046ｦ0 06070803 0900 apple080ｸ7 006ｧ907 06 08 0ｸ70400070602fi0ｹ0 046ｦ007 000400080ｹ0. ﾇ 6ｦ0apple 030109 6ｦ0 030ｷ3apple ( 04026ｧ902090ｹ0 ｨC 0ｸ7 0308030603 02 0ｹ0) 02 06 0900070602000ｸ700 閨07080ｸ7 0806 6ｧ800 02080ｹ0 6ｧ9 080ｸ707 036ｧ9 07 apple 060406fi 080109 apple03fi09070ｷ30409. 09000008070ｷ300 閨07 0ｸ7090306-00 02 00apple0803086ｦ007 07 060803030ｷ303086ｦ007 04000603080ｸ70309060207 04020907 00apple0603fi040006 apple00036ｧ908 08 0000 02 036ｧ8 apple03fi09070ｷ30409. 6ｾ4apple070706 006ｧ907 06 0602 0707 07 apple030802 03 閨04080ｸ707 0ｸ7040208-026ｧ9. 1 09 03080ｸ7046ｧ9 0409 090003060402 020602086ｦ0 360403080709, ﾒ 0ｸ702070406, 0ｸ709066ｧ80ｹ0, apple030ｷ3020802fi02080ｹ0 apple0308-046ｧ8030300 040208 09 06000ｸ7026ｧ8030608 ｮ ﾞ0300010707 03 ｯ 0402 apple03 6ｧ9-0406 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 0ｸ704000706026ｧ80ｹ0 06 0807070006 0ｹ0 02 06 6 506080409-0006020607 000602020607 0400 090000030803080906 026ｧ8 090306026ｧ9 026ｦ009-04090ｹ0 11+4 006 5 080007 000ｹ0. ﾒ 0207 020807 0ｸ7apple00030904080903-080602fi 閨0300090408 06 apple0604020603090200 閨07 ｨB0ｷ307 閨006 5030ｸ708 0000 020008 03080ｸ70306 6ｧ908 006ｧ802080ｹ0 46,6 0406030608040207 apple080ｸ7 0702060402080604086ｦ00400 0400 11+2 006 5 080007 000ｹ0 026ｦ00904090ｹ0. ﾇ 0ｸ704000706026ｧ8 06 0807070006 000002036ｧ803090200 7,1 0406030608040207, 08 fi0902080ｹ0 02080ｸ7 000706 02086ｦ0 0ｸ70903086ｦ0 6ｧ802 07 080ｸ704060803080906-02fi0ｹ0 02 06 apple00060208076ｧ90403090200 000ｸ700 閨090003000ｹ0 020ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 (000602. 1,2,3). ﾌ 0402 020604020602fi0ｹ0 026ｧ907 0ｸ707080ｹ0 090306026ｧ9 0ｹ0 0906 046ｦ007 03080008 Down 6ｧ802 07 1/159 02 06 020308apple08apple08066ｧ803090200 0400 1/3 鐶pple000602 applefi 0209 040ｸ707 0ｸ7 0400 閨0709 0001 閨02 0409 0ｸ704000706-026ｧ80ｹ0 06 0807070006 0ｹ0, PAPP-A 02 06 0003006ｦ0030003090ｹ0 6 5 hcg. 6ｾ40209 040ｸ7006 5080ｸ703000ｸ70206026ｧ8 apple080ｸ7 020803086ｦ003090400, 09 040300076ｧ80ｹ0 03076ｧ803090200 0209 036ｧ86 709 02030808086 503070402090ｹ0 02 06 00apple 閨03000100 0209 06 0208apple6ｧ8 02090ｹ0 026ｦ00904090ｹ0, 09 08apple086ｧ9 閨09060700 08 0300 02000ｸ702060207 0000 0209 04036ｧ80409 00060408apple0308-0402fi03090ｹ0 (600 00g x 2 020803apple060207). ﾇ 04030ｷ30008040ｷ30006-026ｧ8 0707030ｸ70409 apple080ｸ7 閨09060700 apple080207030ｸ76 700 080ｸ704060803080906-02fi 02 030ｸ7fi020ｸ7apple08 46, 0101. 6ｾ40ｸ7ｨB6ｧ802090409 ﾇ 04036ｧ80409 0ｸ7apple00036ｧ8040ｷ307 0ｸ76 709036ｧ80ｹ0 02000407080308096ｧ9 0ｹ0 02 06 0000090703090ｹ0 06 09070ｷ3040206026ｧ80ｹ0 000ｸ702036ｧ9070006 0ｹ0 00apple060203 鐶pple0006 020907 apple030809000707090206026ｧ8 060709070ｷ30409 apple0803030607 06 00 03-02060607 06 apple030704000ｷ30ｹ0 applefi 0208 apple03060208 02036ｧ900090708 02090ｹ0 020ｸ76ｧ804090ｹ0 02 06 0ｷ30ｹ0 0002 02086ｦ002080ｸ7 閨040006 030307010006 020907 06-020306026ｧ8 06 04006ｧ903060409 02 閨0208060ｷ307 apple0003060402 0206020607. 2-4 0903fi0408 0209 07 0402fiapple090409, 08apple086ｦ0 0003 閨09030902 07 740 apple03 0900 0208apple08060903 閨0702000ｹ0 02 030ｸ7fi020ｸ7apple0806 0400 apple000306apple02060400060ｹ0 020ｸ704020602086ｦ0 0ｸ709030600 02080ｹ0, apple080207030ｸ76 700 460 apple 03080308090602086ｦ00ｹ0 (62%). ﾞapplefi 0ｸ702086ｦ00ｹ0, 0400 33% 00070208apple6ｧ90403090200 046ｦ007 03080008 Turner, 0400 15% 020306040ｷ3006ｧ9 21%, 0400 7% 020306040ｷ3006ｧ9 18 02 06 0400 2% 020306040ｷ3006ｧ9 13. 6ｾ40208 0007 apple0800006ｧ907 07 5% 00070208apple6ｧ9040309-02 07 04apple070706000ｹ0 04030ｷ30008040ｷ3000602 閨0ｹ0 070ｷ300 036ｧ9000ｹ0 fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 046ｦ007 03080008 Klinefelter, 00000306026ｧ8 020306040ｷ3006ｧ9, 00000306-026ｧ8 00080708040ｷ3006ｧ9 02 06 000ｷ304 0ｸ802060400fi0ｹ0. 2 ﾒ0ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 00006 5036ｦ0080ｸ7 0000 080ｸ7040608030809060207 04030ｷ30008040600 02 00apple0803006ｧ9 07 0ｸ7apple08 090306070006 020907 0002-6ｧ8030ｷ30409 0ｸ70208040ｷ3000602086ｦ0 0ｸ7apple08030006applefi000007080ｸ7 6ｧ8 00apple06-0203 02086ｦ004 0ｹ0 070ｷ300 036ｧ9 0ｹ0 fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 046ｦ007 03080008 Noonan ｯs 3, 07fi0408 apple080303 apple03086ｦ0 apple0200030ｸ7096ｧ9080ｸ7 (multiple pterygium disease) 4, 046ｦ007 03080008 Cowchock ｯs 5 6ｧ8 046ｦ007 03080008 Roberts. 6 ﾞ040807 030809 閨0707090409 026ｦ0apple080ｸ7 II 02 06 070303000ｹ0 040807 0308-0ｸ704020308086ｧ9000ｹ0 00apple0803086ｦ007 07 04040002060403086ｦ007 0000 0208 6ｦ009030ｷ300 7, 02 03060ｹ0 02 06 00010ｷ3090007006ｧ90ｹ0 apple 030709080702000ｹ0 ( 030208fi03, 00060708apple0200036ｧ90709). 2 ﾇ 06 08080306026ｧ8 060709070ｷ30409 02080ｸ7 020ｸ704020602086ｦ0 0ｸ7090306-00 02080ｹ0 apple00030603 006 507070006 0ｸ70400070602fi 086ｧ9 0900, 0009070609-0908000ｸ7000308026ｧ80309, 0009020008 0308026ｧ80309, 0203 0409030602fi 0200-0307020ｷ300, 6 7000ｸ7 080000006 503070709, 0600 0909006ｧ90ｷ300 02 06 0ｸ7apple08040ｷ30306080706026ｧ8 apple03 02080ｸ7070206 026ｧ8 026ｦ0040209. 8 ﾇ apple03fi09070ｷ30409 02080ｸ7 020ｸ704020602086ｦ0 0ｸ709030600 02080ｹ0 0001 03-020702 06 applefi 0208 apple0802 閨03000400 02080ｸ7 02 030ｸ7fi020ｸ7apple080ｸ7, 02090ｹ0-00006 5030ｸ70ｸ8026ｧ80ｹ0 apple030ｷ302000ｹ107090ｹ0 (AFP), 02 0ｸ7apple000309-04080903 08060207 000ｸ7036ｧ800 02 02 06 0208 06040208030602fi. 090303000ｹ0 07 080803 閨0ｹ0 040400026ｧ9ｨB080ｸ707 020807 fi090208 02090ｹ0 026ｦ00402090ｹ0 02 06 020907 apple 03080ｸ7046ｧ9 06 0803 090007020ｷ307 0000 04000603fi02000309 apple03fi09070ｷ30409. 9 00000ｷ30ｹ0 0208 020003000ｸ702 6ｧ908 0702060203086ｦ00002 06 applefi 6ｦ008 070303000ｹ0 0900080406006ｦ00400060ｹ0 10-11 02 06 apple 0602006ｧ9-02 06 000009 036ｦ002000309 apple030808apple0206026ｧ8 000003 閨0209 0906 020807 02-030803060400fi 02090ｹ0 apple030809070ｷ3040206026ｧ80ｹ0 02080ｸ70ｹ0 016ｧ9 0ｹ0. 6ﾒ2 020ｸ7-0402060207 0ｸ709030600 02 0000 06 0803 0900070206, 6ｧ9040ｷ30ｹ0 apple0308-174
6ﾑ80602fi07 1: ﾒ0ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 1 6ﾑ80602fi07 2: ﾒ0ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 2 閨0304080702 06 applefi 02 閨030006 applefi0803 0109 020ｷ307 0203 04090306-020607 0300000806020607 0407020ｷ307 apple080ｸ7 0000apple08 6ｧ9ｨB0006 020907 00apple06-020806070ｷ3076ｧ9 0000 0208 0803006 50602fi 046ｦ004020900 02090ｹ0 0408 096ｧ90206-080ｹ0 02 06 090006080ｸ70309006ｧ9 02060ｹ0 0000090703000ｹ0 020ｸ76 7000306 0ｷ302 閨0ｹ0 026ｦ0040200060ｹ0. ﾞ07026ｧ9030002, apple060402006ｦ00002 06 fi0206 020ｸ70402060207 0ｸ709030600 02 040ｷ3036ｧ90ｹ0 06 0803070900 02 apple08020003086ｦ007 apple0802 閨03000400 apple0308040ｷ30306076ｧ80ｹ0 040ｸ7030308096ｧ80ｹ0 03 閨0008080ｸ7 03fi090ｷ3 020003086ｦ00ｹ0 020ｷ3036ｦ000 02080ｹ0 02090ｹ0 0300000806026ｧ80ｹ0 apple 0308-04 閨02000ｸ704090ｹ0. ﾇ 0ｸ7010900 閨0709 apple6ｧ9000409 040208 030000080602fi 046ｦ0-04020900 00apple0803006ｧ9 020ｸ704 6ｧ9 07 0ｸ7apple00036 5006ｧ9 020907 0200036ｧ8 applefi0803 0109, 00010909060702 0ｹ0 閨020406 020907 0ｸ702fi00 0209 0ｸ7apple08040603090409 02 閨0208060ｷ307 6 503 6 50607. 9 ﾇ apple03fi09070ｷ30409 030806applefi07, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 07 08 閨030006 02 06 09 apple03 閨0807 apple03fi0408 0209 0400060307 32 02 閨0208060ｷ307 apple0003060402 0206-020607 9, 040400026ｧ9ｨB0002 06 07000004 0000 02 040ｸ70708 07 0ｸ7apple000309-04080903 08060207 000ｸ7036ｧ800 02. 8 6ﾒ208 03000008086ｧ9 0900 apple - 07020702 06 apple08036ｦ0 040ｸ7040707 (55%) fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 02 06 09 apple 03080ｸ7-046ｧ9 00006 5030ｸ70ｸ802086ｦ0 6ｦ0 030ｷ3apple, 04026ｧ90209 0000 6ｧ8 040ｷ3036ｧ90ｹ0 apple03000ｸ703060206026ｧ8 040ｸ7030308096ｧ8. 2 ﾞ0ｸ702fi00 0209 0ｸ7apple08040603090409 02080ｸ7 0ｸ709030600 02080ｹ0 apple030607 020907 206ｧ8 006 5 080007 026ｦ00904090ｹ0 03000ｷ303006ｧ902 06 006ｧ90202090ｹ0 02 036ｧ80ｹ0 apple03fi09070ｷ304090ｹ0 030307 0007 apple080203006ｧ90006 040ｸ70708- 閨0ｹ0 04030ｷ30008040ｷ3000602 閨0ｹ0 070ｷ300 036ｧ9000ｹ0 6ｧ8 0ｸ704apple03 046ｧ9. 0903fi0408 0209 000003 閨0209 00apple6ｧ9 42 apple0003060402 0206020607 020ｸ7040206-02086ｦ0 0ｸ709030600 02080ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 06 09070604020902 07 040208 apple03060208 02 06 040208 006ｦ002000308 02036ｧ900090708, 07 08 閨030006 fi0206 09 0ｸ7apple08-040603090409 02080ｸ7 0ｸ709030600 02080ｹ0 apple 03 0209036ｧ803090200 040208 10% 020ｷ307 07000ｸ7apple03080006 06020607 02 06 040208 17,6% 020ｷ307 000ｸ7apple03080006 06020607 020ｸ76ｧ804000ｷ307. ﾞ016ｧ9ｨB0006 07 04090000060ｷ303006ｧ9 fi0206 0208 90% 020ｷ307 07000ｸ7apple03080006 06020607 00006 5036ｦ00ｷ307 6ｧ802 07 036ｧ80300 000706, 0208 70,58% 020ｷ307 000ｸ7apple03080006 06020607 6ｧ802 07 0703030007. 12 ﾇ 0203060706026ｧ8 00 0ｹ0 apple030802006ｧ9070006 020807 apple 03 0207020ｷ3 0309fi- 6ﾑ80602fi07 3: ﾒ0ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 3 0306030008 07020600000206apple0604090ｹ0 apple0003060402 0206020607 020ｸ704020602086ｦ0 0ｸ709030600 02080ｹ0 (apple6ｧ907 02 0ｹ0 1). ﾇ apple03 閨0807 6ｦ00402080309 applefi08 0409 0906 020907 00apple6ｧ902080208 030307 02 06 0906 020807 06 0203fi, 00070208apple6ｧ9ｨB0002 06 04020907 apple00-036ｧ9apple020ｷ30409 00apple0600 閨07080702080ｹ0 020ｸ704020602086ｦ0 0ｸ709030600 02080ｹ0 00000207 02060ｹ0 20 006 5 080007 000ｹ0 026ｦ00904090ｹ0 000707 apple080ｸ7040607- ｨB080ｸ707 0806 0ｸ7apple00030904080903 080602 閨0ｹ0 00080308080308090602 閨0ｹ0 070ｷ3-00 036ｧ9000ｹ0 02 06 0208 apple0802 閨03000400 02090ｹ0 02 030ｸ708020ｸ7apple06026ｧ80ｹ0 0001 閨02 04090ｹ0 006ｧ907 06 080ｸ70406080308090602fi. 6ｾ400 0ｸ7026ｧ8 020907 apple00-036ｧ9apple020ｷ30409, 09 6 5066 50306080903 0806026ｧ8 apple03fi02 0409 07020600000206apple0604090ｹ0 0007 006ｧ907 06 04 086ｧ80ｹ0 02 06 09 applefi08 0409 apple030800apple0803 閨020006 0002020002 00 閨0709 040ｸ7006 5080ｸ703000ｸ70206026ｧ8 040ｸ70700 036ｧ9 0906 020907 apple030903080808030900 閨0709 040ｸ70902 020703000409 020ｷ307 0908-07 閨0ｷ307. 03006 5030ｸ7 fiapple080ｸ7 07060407006ｦ00002 06 020ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 apple08020003086ｦ007 0ｸ76 70903086ｦ0 020607 6ｦ007080ｸ7 020ｸ76ｧ80400060ｹ0, 0000 apple08-175
13 ﾒ0ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 0000 080ｸ70406080308090602fi 04030ｷ30008040ｷ30006 02fi 閨0300090408. ﾞ0309fi03060300080ｹ0 07020600000206apple0604090ｹ0 ﾞ07 0402 040702090ｹ0 02 06 040ｸ707. 096ｧ907 02 0ｹ0 1. ﾞ0309fi03060300080ｹ0 06 04006ｧ9030604090ｹ0 00006 5036ｦ0080ｸ7 0000 020ｸ704020602fi 6ｦ009030ｷ300 (020308apple08apple086ｧ9090409 applefi Descampes et al.) 04080402fi 0002 0207 086ｦ0040903 閨026 5 04090ｹ0 030609fi02000308 applefi 10%. 13 ﾇ apple 030803080908 07 02080006026ｧ8 0001 閨02 0409 apple03 鐶pple0006 07 000703 03036ｦ0070002 06 鐶pple000602 applefi 0ｸ702fi00 0209 6ｧ8 0200040709026ｧ8 閨0202030ｷ30409 02 03060ｹ0 0208 apple0802 閨03000400 02090ｹ0 006ｧ907 06 040900 07020602fi fi0406 00fi0708 0906 020907 apple 03086ｦ004 026ｦ0090409 030307 02 06 0906 000003030807020602 閨0ｹ0. ﾇ 02 0306 閨030ｷ30409 020ｷ307 0ｸ7apple00036ｧ8040ｷ307 040209 06 09070ｷ3040206026ｧ8 apple030804 閨0909060409 apple030809000707090206020607 apple 036ｧ804000ｷ307 02 02-0402090400 0ｸ707 026ｧ8 020907 閨0902 060309 060709070ｷ30409 02 06 020907 6 5 閨030206040209 07020600000206apple060409 02 閨0208060ｷ307 0403000700060607. ﾇ 0001 0208000602000ｸ700 閨0709 apple030809000707090206026ｧ8 040ｸ7006 5080ｸ703000ｸ70206-026ｧ8 006ｧ907 06 00006ｧ9ｨB0807080ｹ0 040900 046ｧ9 0ｹ0 040209 06 04006ｧ903060409 02 閨0208060ｷ307 020ｸ76ｧ804000ｷ307. Cystic hygroma with normal chromosomes. Management algorithm E. Anastasakis, N. Papantoniou, G. Daskalakis, S. Mesogitis, A. Antsaklis 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Athens, "Alexandra" Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece Correspondance:E. Anastasakis, 14 Kountouriotou str., Ano Vrilissia, 152 35, Athens E-mail: loufty28@yahoo.gr Summary Cystic hygroma is associated with chromosomal abnormalities, the most common being Turner syndrome. Diagnosis can be made during the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus should be scanned for associate malformations, and karyotype examination is imperative. Due to the gloomy prognosis, prenatal counseling is of great importance. Our department is proposing a management algorithm for sound management of fetuses with cystic hygroma. Key words: cystic hygroma, karyotype, management 08066 50306080903 086ｧ9 1. Magowan B. Obstetrics and Gynaecology.2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone, 2002;28. 2. Descamps P, Jourdain O, Paillet C, et al. Etiology, 176
prognosis and management of nuchal cystic hygroma: 25 new cases and literature review. European Journal 08f Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology 1997;71:3-10. 3. Izquierdo L, Kushniro, Sanchez D, et al. Prenatal Diagnosis of Noonan ｯs Syndrome in a female infant with spontaneous resolution of cystic hygroma and hydrops. West I Med 1990; 152: 418-421. 4. Zeitune M, Fejgin MD, Abramovicz J, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of the pterygium syndrome. Prenat Diagn 1998; 8:1445-1449. 5. Cowchock S, Wapner RJ, Kurtz A, et al. Not all cystic hygromas occur in the Ullrich Turner Syndrome. Am I Med Genet 1982; 12:327-33.1 6. Edwards MJ, Graham JM Jr. Posterior nuchal cystic hygroma. Clin Perinatol 1990;17:611-640. 7. Wenstrom KD, Williamson RA, Hoover WW, et al. Achondrogenesis type II (Ranger ｨC Saldino) in association with jugular lymphatic obstruction sequence. Prenat Diagn 1989; 9:527-532. 8. H.A Tanriverdi, AK Ertan, H.J Hendrik et al. Outcome of cystic hygroma in fetuses with normal karyotypes depends on associated findings. European Journal of Obstetrics or Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology 2005;118:40-46. 9. Rosaes P, Guariglia L. Transvaginal Ultrasound detection of septated and non-septated cystic hygroma in early pregnancy. Fetal Diagn Ther 1997; 12: 132-5. 10.Bronshtein M, Bar-Hava I, Blumenfeld I, et al.the difference between septated and nonseptated nuchal cystic hygroma in the early second trimester. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 81: 683-387 11.Shulman LP, Raafat NA, Mace PC, et al. Significance of septations in isolated fetal cystic hygroma detected in the first trimester. Prenat Diagn 1994;14:223-226. 12. Ganapathy R, Guven M, Sethna, et al. Natural history and outcome of prenatally diagnosed cystic hygroma. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24: 965-968. 13. Edmund S, Howarth E. S, Elizabeth S, et al. Population-based study of the outcome following the prenatal diagnosis of cystic hygroma. Prenat Diagn 2005; 25: 286-291. 177