1 20019 1527 CAS 1317368 1230 PbO 223.20 1 99 1. 2 888 2 9.53 0.017 g/l 20 3 3
2 2. 10 29,309 t 22,069 t 7,240 t 4 1 3. 1 2 3.5 6 1 µg/l 9.1-24 2 µg/l < 43 6 27,431-70,000 4.5-1,300 13.4-17 31.7 0.48-3,459 3 7 8 0.01 mg/l 4 0.1 mg/l
3 2 3,299 1 3 3,043 0 4 2,802 0 5 2,627 6 6 2,523 2 7 2,506 3 8 2,483 7 9 2,456 8 10 3,312 8 11 3,198 15 11 4,964 7 9 1,025 0.90 mg/l 0.015 mg/l 4. LC 50 mg/l EC 50 mg/l * 10 : Daphnia magna 11 388 48-h, Daphnia magna 6 0.45* 1 48-h, 1 Daphnia magna 6 3.61* 2 48-h, 2 Pimephales promelas 11 3,486 96-h, Pimephales promelas 6 5.58* 3 96-h, Pimephales 482* 4 96-h, promelas 6 Lepomis macrochirus 6 23.8* 5 96-h, Lepomis macrochirus 6 442* 6 96-h, Poecilia reticulata 6 20.6* 7 96-h, 2 3 3
4 LC 50 mg/l EC 50 mg/l * 10 : Oncorhynchus mykiss 6 1.32* 8 96-h, 2 Oncorhynchus mykiss 6 1.17* 9 96-h, 2 * OECD *1 44-53 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.4-8.2 41-50 mg CaCO 3 /L *2 235-260 mg CaCO 3 /L ph : 7.4-7.8 390-415 mg CaCO 3 /L *3 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.5 18 mg CaCO 3 /L *4 360 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 8.2 300 mg CaCO 3 /L *5 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.5 18 mg CaCO 3 /L *6 360 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 8.2 300 mg CaCO 3 /L *7 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.5 18 mg CaCO 3 /L *8 385 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 8.15 267 mg CaCO 3 /L *9 32 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 6.85 30 mg CaCO 3 /L 5. 12, 13, 14 1 LD 50 LC 50 LD 50 LD 50 400-450 mg/kg LD 50 2,000 mg/kg LC 50 LD 50 LD 50 220 mg/kg 6 12 100 mg/kg
5 12 2 100 mg 15 3 4 1 21.5 µg/m 3 22 / 6 12 28 µg/ml ALAD - 3 21.5 µg/m 3 22 / 6 12 17 µg/ml 3 2 6 1.44 µmol/l 0.3 µg/ml 6 4.08-14.4 µmol/l 0.85-3 µg/ml 6) 1.44 µmol/l 0.3 µg/ml 2.688 µmol/l 0.56 µg/ml 6 6 0.24-1.92 µmol/l 0.05-0.4 µg/ml 6
6 5 * in vitro 12 WP2 12 pol A+/polA- Rec Assay 12 D3 12 CHL 223.2 mg/l 12 V79 0.2232 mg/ml24 4872 22.32223.2 mg/l 4872 223.2 mg/l2472 12 2.232 mg/ml 12 1,000-2,500 mg/l 12 in vivo 1 ppm2 12 12 0.25-1 ppm1-3 12 1 30 25 mg/kg2 12 12 Swiss-Webster + TA1530 TA1535TA1538 D3 12 * 2 DNA 6) V79 DNA DNA in vitro in vivo 6 6 1 Wistar 3 mg/ 2 4 mg/ 16
7 12 F344 10 mg/ 2 / 12 12, 13 500 mg/kg 2 2 1 mg/ 1 / 10 benzo[a]pyrene 1 mg 3, co-carcinogen 12 1 IARC 3 25 F344 trioctanion 10 mg 1 / 9 5 mg 1 / 3 1/25 12 4 20 mg/ 16 40-760 mg/ 10 29 19 120-680 mg/ 12 20 mg 1 2 18 1,300 mg/ 12 7 1 C57BL 0.1250.250.5 16-18 12 100 0.3 60 0.3-0.5 µg/ml
8 FSH camp 6 2550250 µg Pb/mL 50 µg Pb/mL 25 µg Pb/mL 0.18-0.29 µg/ml 6 2 Wistar 25 mg/kg 9 21 8/30 22/30 34 10 2 7 12 3 SD 255070 mg/kg 8-17 9 10-15 16 16 12 50 mg/kg 789 10-18 12 4 6 0.7 µg/ml 6 0.3 µg/ml 0.53 µg/ml 6 0.35 µg/ml LHFSH 6 6. 1 14
9 3, 14 3, 14 δ- 12, 14 interstitial nephropathy Fanconi 3, 14 3, 14 3, 14 14 0.528±0.21 µg/ml 12 14 16, 17, 18 2 EPA 1999 B2 EU 2000 NTP 2000 IARC 1999 2B *1 ACGIH 2000 A3 *2 2 B *3 2000 *1 : *2 : *3 : 17, 18 3 ACGIH 2000 0.05 mg/m 3*1 2000 0.1 mg/m 3*2 *1 : Pb *2 : Pb
10 7. 3, 14 30-40 5-15 14 3, 14 1 6 52 0.4 2 14 3 3, 90 14 21.5 µg/m 3 22 / 12 6 28 17 µg/ml 10 5 18.7 21 14 ALAD 14 - ALA-D - ALA IX 14
11 8. OECD * 10 * OECD OECD 9. 1 5 δ in vitro in vivo IARC 0.01 mg/l 2 1 2 3
12 4 13 7
13 1 2001. 2 IPCS, International Chemical Safety Cards 1995. 3 Hazardous Substances Data Bank HSDB, U.S. National Library of Medicine 1998. 4 10, 1999. 5,,, 1992. 6 IPCS, Environmental Health Criteria 85 1989. 7 11 2000 8 11 2000 9 12 2001 10 OECD, Harmonised Integrated Classification System for Human Health and Environmental Hazards of Chemical Substances and Mixtures, OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No.33 2001. 11 AQUIRE US EPA, ECOTOX Database System. 12 IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, 23 1980. 13 Sharat Gangolli, The Dictionary of Substances and their Effects, 2nd. Ed., The Royal Society of Chemistry 1999. 14,,,, 1994. 15 Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances RTECS, US NIOSH 1998. 16 JETOC,,, 4 1999. 17 ACGIH, Booklet of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices 2000. 18,, 41, 96-158 1999. 1
14 mg/l 10,000 1,000 100 388 48-h, 3,486 96-h, 482 96-h, *4 10 1 0.1 LC 50 0.45 48-h, *1 3.61 48-h, *2 5.58 96-h, *3 *1 44-53 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.4-8.2 41-50 mg CaCO 3 /L *2 235-260 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.4-7.8 390-415 mg CaCO 3 /L *3 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.5 18 mg CaCO 3 /L *4 360 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 8.2 300 mg CaCO 3 /L 1AQUIRE US EPA, ECOTOX Database System. 2IPCS, Environmental Health Criteria 85 1989.
15 mg/l 1,000 442 96-h, *6 100 23.8 96-h, *5 20.6 96-h, *7 10 LC 50 1 1.32 1.17 96-h, *8 96-h, *9 *5 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.5 18 mg CaCO 3 /L *6 360 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 8.2 300 mg CaCO 3 /L *7 20 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 7.5 18 mg CaCO 3 /L *8 385 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 8.15 267 mg CaCO 3 /L *9 32 mg CaCO 3 /LpH : 6.85 30 mg CaCO 3 /L 1IPCS, Environmental Health Criteria 85 1989.