1 2 1941 3 2 4 1 1971 1980 2 3 1941 3 4 1935 8 1937 9 80
5 6 5 6 2000 81
1949 Der totale Krieg 7 1914 8 9 7 Der totale Krieg 1935 1938 1938 1935 8 1915 9 Richard Holmes, ed., The Oxford Companion to Military History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 915-16 82
1938 1917 10 200 11 l i 1999 326-27420-23441-42 10 Allan R. Millett and Williamson Murray, eds., Military Effectiveness (Vo ume The F rst World War) (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1988) 11 83
12 2 13 14 2002 9 12 13 Ludendorffs Selbstportrat Me ine Kriegserinnnerungen 1914-1918 R 1992 [Mark Peattie, Ishiwara Kanji and the Confrontation with the West (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975)]200-201 14 Christopher Coker, War and the 20th Century : The Impact of War on the Modern Consciousness (London: Brassey s, 1994), pp. 1-55 1995 84
15 16 17 18 15 Azar Gat, Fascist and Liberal Vi sions of War : Fuller, Lidde ll Hart, Douhet, and other Modernists (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), pp. 3-124. 16 1937 5 148 17 18 1984 2 3 1997 1 3 226 85
19 20 RMA 211925 22 19 Tomoyuki Ishizu, The Japanese General Fuller?: Ishiwara Kanji and his Concept of War, of Strategy, and of Armored Warfare, paper presented at the Military History Seminar, Institute of Historical Research, London University (12 November 2002) 20 1988 1982 1989 21 2000 8-9 1930 95 22 1999 86
23 24 25 2002 95-97 23 24 25 1941 1940 1920 30 1929 1925 2002 24 2002 1929 7 1931 1938 5 1940 1 87
26 niederwer ungstra egiewar of annihilation ermattungsstrateg ewar of attrition decisive war protracted war f t i 27 28 1930 5 1931 4 1986 1953 2001 1940 6 1925 1940 5 8 26 12221282 1253 1260 23 27 27 28 12 1920 4 1921 7 19 1920 73 88
29 30 1914 31 190405 32 29 Azar Gat, The Development of Mili tary Thought : The Nineteenth Century (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992); Hans Delbrück, edited and translated by Arden Bucholz, Delbrück s Modern Military History (Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1997), pp.180-192; Arden Bucholz, Hans Delbrück and the German Military Establ ishment : War Images in Conflict (Iowa: University of Iowa Press, 1985); idem, Hans Delbrück and Modern Military History, The Historian, 55 (Spring 1993) 30 1937 1 31 480 1914 7 32 1994 89
33 34 35 36 2 33 1927 1941 1940 1920 30 1929 1925 34 14 1925 24 1949 1966 111113 35 36 90
37 38 2 i i liti l 37 Gesch chte der Kr egskunst im Rahmen der po shen Geschichte Fa kenhayn und Ludendorff 38 91
39 40 41 1920 30 1960 1941 39 1314 3637 51 103 40 Ishizu, The Japanese General Fuller? 41 45 92
1931 42 43 42 1929 42 45 1930 43 Racial harmony was to become a weapon in the arsenal of the Final War..Put more concretely, the objective of the Kwantung Army s administrative policy in Manchuria should be to institute the nation s strategic advantage on the Asian continent, in order to prepare for the coming Armageddon..., while there is no doubt that Ishiwara gave priority to the principles of harmony and cooperation among Asian nations, he did so not for moral reasons but because he perceived the force of Asian union to be an asset that Japan must harness as an essential part of her preparations for world conflict. Yet one must remember that Ishiwara came to the idea of Asian union by way of the Final War, the ultimate goal against which he measured all other concepts. Thus, for Ishiwara, Asian cooperation, racial freedom, and political independence were not ends in themselves, but only means by which Japan could gain the essential support of other Asian nations in preparation for the final collision with the West. Victory in the Final War was the ultimate objective. To that goal all means might be used, all other ends sacrificed. 135 223 260 Peattie, Ishiwara Kanji and the Conf rontation with the West, p. 166, 284, 337. 93
1935 8 1937 9 44 45 46 44 1936 189 193 45 1936 6 1937 5 6 15 46 2000 6 11 94
1937 47 10 1929 48 49 47 48 1932 1 11 49 2000 128 95
50 51 52 50 10,000 1,000 51 15 288 52 97 306307 309 96
53 54 53 2002 54 296 97
55 10 55 1936 98
20 56 56 24 1920 1920 30 1926 99
57 58 1920 30 59 l 57 58 1981 59 Tomoyuki Ishizu, The Japanese Way in Warfare: Japan s Grand Strategy for the 21st Century, Korean Journa of Defense Analysis 100
RMA RMA RMA 60 1930 61 (Summer, 2000) 60 1937 1 61 1938 101