2012 TPP 77 TPP 1 TPP 1 Trans-Pacific Partnership WTOWorld Trade Organization 2 TPP TPP 2 TPP 3 TPP 4 TPP TPP
78 TPP TPP 5 TPP CVM Contingent Valuation Method 6 TPP TPP 2 TPP 2 1 TPP TPP 4 06 P4 Pacific 4 EPA2012 11 08 10 TPP 2 2
TPP 79 TPP TPP 3 TPP 3 1 2010 10 27 2020 EU FTA TPP FTA EU FTA 2020 GDP1.53 10.5 81.2 FTA TPP FTA TPP 3 2 08 10 10 19
80 19 4 1000 340 9 3 7000 TPP TPP 3 3 TPP GTAP GTAP 2004 TPP 100 TPP GDP 10 0.48 0.65 2.4 3.2 TPP EUEPA EPA EU FTA GDP 0.13 0.14 0.6 0.7 GTAP 3 4
TPP 81 TPP FTA 4 4 1 Copeland and Taylor 2003 2 2 x, y x by product z y 2 Px, Py z x 0 z 2 x, y x d, y d x s, y s x d x s 0 x x d x s 0 y 4 2 T T x, y, z 0 x, y, z T T T x, y, z =T x', y', z' 0 x, y, z, x', y', z' 0, 1 T x, y, z1 x', 1 y', 1 z' T x, y, z T
82 T 0, T 0, T x y z 0 T x, y, z 0 4 3 V U I z Px, Py V Px, Py, I, z max x d, y d U xd, y d, z subject to I Pxx d, Pyy d 0 4.1 z U Roy V Px, Py, I, x d z / Px V Px, Py, I, z / Py V Px, Py, I, z / I, yd V Px, Py, I, z / I 4.2 MB V Px, Py, I, z / z MB V Px, Py, I, z / I 4.3 Px, Py, max x d, y d, z Pxxs Pyy s z subject to T x s, y s, z 0 4.4 GNP GNP Shepard
TPP 83 Px, Py, Px, Py, Px, Py, x s, y s, z Px Py 4.5 T x x s 2 Px, Py, 0 Px Px 2 4.6 4 4 I z 4.7 Px x d x s Py y d y s 4.8 4.7 4.8 4 5 2 x y 1 2 2 terms of trade 4.9 d Px Px Py Py dpx dpy Px Py x 0 y 0 4 6 dpx, dpy, dz, di d d z, d d 0
84 dv dv V Px dpx V Py dpy V I di V z dz 4.10 V/ I dv/ V I V Px / V I dpx V Py / V I dpy di 4.2 4.3 V z / V I dz 4.11 V V/ I xd dpx y d dpy di MBdz 4.12 di 4.5 4.7 di dpx dpy dz x s dpx y s dpy dz Px Py 4.13 4.13 4.12 dv V/ I xs x d dpx y s y d dpy MB dz Px x s x d dpx Px y s y d dpy MB dz Px Px x s x d dpx Px x s x d dpy MB dz Px Py Py 4.12 Px x s x d dpx dpy Px Py MB dz 3 4.8 dv/ V/ I gains-from-trade effect environmental effect 4 7 x s x d 0 x 4.9
TPP 85 d Px/Px Px/Px { dpx/px dpy/py } 0 { dpx/px dpy/py } 0 x s x d dpx dpy Px Py 0 x s x d 0 x d Px/Px Px/Px { dpx/px dpy/py } 0 { dpx/px dpy/py } 0 x s x d dpx dpy Px Py 0 MB 0 0 Copeland and Taylor, 2003 MB 0 dz z x x dz 0 4.6 d Px/Py 0 x MB dz 0 x MB dz 0
86 4 8 TPP TPP x TPP MB dz TPP 5 TPP TPP TPP 3 TPP 3.0 3.9 3.7 3 TPP
TPP 87 3 TPP TPP 778 5 1 13 3.7 8.2 13 2001 TPP 9 8.2 3.7 TPP TPP
88 TPP 5 2 CVM TPP 9 TPP CVMContingent Valuation Method CVM 4 CVM A B CVM 5 CVM CVM
TPP 89 5 3 CV CV 2012 11 252 TPP TPP 9 1 1 Yes No No No WTP Willingness to Pay 6 WTP Haab and McConnell 2002 3 WTP Turnball TPP 5 1 tj j t j {tj j 1, 2,..., 9} No Fj tj 5 1 j 2 j 3 j 4 j 5 Fj Fj+1 Fj 7 j 3 j 2 j 5 j 4 5 2 Fj fj No Fj fj Fj+1 Fj F0 0 f0 F1 50000 No 0 j 8 t8 50000 F8 1 WTP WTP 3 WTP
90 j tj Yes No No Fj 1 50 16 1 0.0588 2 100 27 3 0.1000 3 500 27 2 0.0690 4 1,000 19 5 0.2083 5 2,000 25 4 0.1379 6 5,000 20 10 0.3333 7 10,000 17 12 0.4138 8 30,000 3 7 0.7000 9 50,000 1 13 0.9286 j tj Yes No No Fj fj 1 50 16 1 0.0588 0.0588 2 100 54 5 0.1000 0.0259 3 1,000 44 9 0.2083 0.0851 4 5,000 20 10 0.3333 0.1635 5 10,000 17 12 0.4138 0.0805 6 30,000 3 7 0.7000 0.2862 7 50,000 1 13 0.9286 0.2286 8 50,000 1.0000 0.0714 ELB WTP n tj fj 1 j 0 5 2 ELB WTP 13,866 WTP n E UB WTP tj fj j 0 5 2 E UB WTP 21,728 5 2 5 1 WTP No y y 1 7 E WTP 1 Fj 1 Fj 1tj 1 tj /2 5 1 j 0
TPP 91 1.0000 0.9000 No F j 0.8000 0.7000 0.6000 0.5000 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.1000 0.0000 50 100 1,000 5,000 10,000 30,000 50,000 50,000 E WTP 19,583 TPP WTP WTP 22 5184 2000 WTP 13,866 51,842,000 718,841,172,000 21,728 51,842,000 1,126,422,976,000 19,583 51,842,000 1,015,221,886,000 7000 1.1 TPP 3.0 3.9 TPP 6 TPP
92 CVM TPP TPP 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 TPP TPP TPP TPP TTP TPP CV
TPP 93 1 2 The WTO contributes to protection and preservation of the environment through its objective of trade openness WTO Trade and Environment http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/ envir_e/envir_e.htm 2012/12/09 3 41996 5 CVM 6 7 Turnball distribution-free estimator Haab and McConell 2002 3 1 1996.. 2 1997 3 EPA http://www.npu.go.jp/policy/policy08/ pdf/20101027/siryou2.pdf 2012.12.15 4 http://www.npu.go.jp/policy/policy08/ pdf/20101027/siryou3.pdf 2012.12.15 5 http://www.npu.go.jp/policy/policy08/ pdf/20101027/siryou4.pdf 2012.12.15 6 TPP NewsSpiral http://www.the-journal.jp/contents/newsspiral/2011/10/tpp_tpp.html 2012.12.10 7 31 18 http://www.e-stat.go.jp/sg1/estat/xlsdl.do?sinfid=000007052458 2012.12.10 8 TPP NewsSpiral http://www.the-journal.jp/contents/newsspiral/2011/04/tpp_15.html 2012.12.15 9 http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nihon/07.htm 2012.12.14 10 TPP NewsSpiral http://www.the-journal.jp/contents/newsspiral/2011/01/tpp_5.html 2012.12.11 11 2012 90 TPP 12 TPP http://www. nikkei.com/article/dgxnasgc26012_w0a021c1ee2000/ 2012.12.11 13http://www.naro. affrc.go.jp/publicity_report/press/files/nkk040706-1.pdf 2012.12.10 14http://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/sihyo/index. html 2012.12.10 15 24 http://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/kouhyou/
94 sakumotu/menseki/pdf/menseki_kouti_12.pdf 2012.12.10 16 http://www.maff.go.jp/j/nousin/noukan/nougyo_kinou/pdf/toushin_1.pdf 2012.12.10 17 http://www.snowseed.co.jp/bokusou_engei/ magazine/02_02/02_02_03.pdf 2012.11.25 18 TPP SYNODOS JUARNAL http://synodos.livedoor.biz/archives/1853855.html 2012.12.17 19 Haab, T. C. and K. E. McConnell 2002 Valuing Environmental and Natural Resources: The Economics of Non-market Valuation. Edward Elgar. 20 Copeland, B. and M. S. Taylor 2003 Trade and the Environment: Theory and Evidence. Princeton University Press.
貿易と環境の費用便益分析 TPP 参加と農業の環境価値 アペンディクス CV 調査で用いたスライド 95