264 72 5 216 pp. 264 272 * 43.3. k, Yj; 43.38.Hz 1. 2. 2.1 1 4.8 1 2 [kg m 2 s 1 ] 1.2 1 3 [g/cm 3 ] 34 [m/s] 1.48 1 6 [kg m 2 s 1 ] 1 [g/cm 3 ] 1,48 [m/s] 1, 1 4 1 2,5 1 Tutorial on the underwater or medical ultrasound transducer. Shinichi Takeuchi Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin Uniersity of Yokohama, Yokohama, 225 853 e-mail: shin1@toin.ac.jp 2.2 2.3 2 khz 1 khz 1 [1] 3.
265 1 1,48 1.48 1 [g/cm 3 ] [m/s] 1 6 [kg m 2 s 1 ] 1.2 1 3 34.41 1.7 1,58 1,61 1.7 1.72 1.6 1,56 1,6 1.65 1.7.92 1,48 1.36 1.6 1,58 1,61 1.67 1.71 1.38 1.8 2,7 3,8 3.7 6.84.9 1.2 1,9 2,7 1.71 3.24 1 7.9 5,3 41.9 3.1 SONAR SOund NAigation and Ranging 1 2 3 2 3 [1] 2 khz khz khz 1 mm
266 72 5 216 2 4 HS-26 3 3 khz 3.2 4 1 1 5 B
267 4. 5 6 5 3 2 B 1 6.2.3 mm 5 6 4.1 PZT PZT Q m tan δ PZT Low Q Q m tan δ PZT High Q Q Q PT 1 2 [2 5]
268 72 5 216 D = ε S E + es 1 T = c E S ee 2 D E T S ε S c E e e Newton 3 [2 5] ρ 2 ξ t 2 = T x 3 1 2 3 Newton T 1 T 2 1 2 E i 4 6 [2 5] 4 6 7 T 2 = φ E j 1 2 + jz ωc sin 1 2 j 2 Z tan 2 = j + jz ωc sin 1 j + jz ωc sin j Z tan 2 + φ E 4 2 T 1 = j + jz ωc sin j Z tan 1 j + jz 2 ωc sin 2 + φ E 5 i = φ 1 φ 2 + jω C E 6 j + jz jz tan j + jz φ ωc 2 ωc T 1 sin sin T 2 = j + jz j + jz 1 jz i tan φ 2 ωc ωc 2 sin sin E φ φ jωc 7 φ = e ε C S = S A,C = ε S SA,q = D 1 S A,c D = c E + e2 l l ε S 7 7 Mason 4.2 Z b = ρ b c b Z b = ρ b c b 8 7 9 2 4 4 F F A B C D 8 [5]
269 [ ] [ ] A TR B TR = 1 φ 1 j 2 ωc C TR D TR φ Q jω C } + jz B sin Z {z B + { } 8 2 1 + jz B sin Z Q = 1+jz B sin, z b = Z B Z 1.5 MRayl I II II I Z 1 = ρ 1 c 1 II Z 2 = ρ 2 c 2 7 Mason [2 5] R p T p 9 1 R I T I 11 12 [6] R p = Z 2 Z 1 Z 1 + Z 2 9 T p = 2 Z 2 Z 1 + Z 2 1 2 Z2 Z 1 R I = 11 Z 1 + Z 2 T I = 4 Z 1 Z 2 Z 1 + Z 2 2 12 8 Mason Z b = ρ b c b 4.3 C6 31 MRayl 31 1 6 kgm 2s 1 31 MRayl C6 I 1.5 MRayl II 91% 82% II 9% 18% 1 I II Z ML II
27 72 5 216 9 Mason Z b = ρ b c b [4] 1 I II 11 T I =4 1 Z1 Z ML 2 1+tan 2 θ ML 2 Z1 Z1 +1 + + Z ML 2 tan 2 θ ML Z 2 Z ML Z 2 13 θ ML = ML =2π lml, c ML λ ML Z ML = Z 1 Z 2 II T I 13 [4] 13 Z ML = Z 1 Z 2 T I 4 1 II T I =1 4 1 [3] 11 [3] F 14 [ ] A ML B ML C ML = h D ML ML ML ML Z ML ML jz ML sin ML ML ML ML 14 9 Mason 11 12 12 4 1 2 F 14
271 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] A B A TR B TR A 1 B 1 A 2 B 2 A n B n = C D C TR D TR C 1 D 1 C 2 D 2 C n D n = 1 1 j ω C φ Q jω C + jz B sin Z TR {z B { 2 Z 1 1 jz 1 sin 1 1 1 1 1 Z 1 1 2 2 n jz 2 sin 2 2 2 2 2 n n n Z 2 2 + } 1 + jz B sin Z n } n jz n sin n n 15 n 13 Z ML = Z 1 Z 2 13 I II 2 1 4 1 Goll Souquet Desilets [7 9] 2 Desilets 12 C-6 Sittig [5] 13 12
272 72 5 216 2 Goll Souquet Desilets Z Z 3 M Z 2 Z 3 M Z ZM 2 3 2 Z Z 2 M 3 Z Z 2 M 7 Z 4 ZM 3 7 Z ZM 6 5. 13 Goll Z ML =7.8MRayl Souquet Z ML =5.7MRayl Desilets Z ML = 4.1MRayl 13 Desilets Z Z M Z ML = Z Z M Goll [1],,, 1974, pp. 181 21. [ 2 ] G.S. Kino, Acoustic waes: Deice, Imaging, and Analog Signal Processing Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1987. [ 3 ] J.F. Rosenbaum, Bulk Acoustic Wae Theory and Deice Artec House, Norwood, MA, 1988. [4],,, 1988. [ 5 ] E.K. Sittig, Effect of bonding and electrode layers on the transmission parameters of piezoelectric transducers used in ultrasonic digital delay lines, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., SU-16, 2 1 1969. [6],,, 1976, pp. 2 23. [ 7 ] J.H. Goll, The design of broad-band fluid-loaded ultrasonic transducers, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., SU-26, 385 393 1979. [ 8 ] J. Souquet, P. Defranould and J. Desbois, Design of low-loss wide-band ultrasonic transducer for noninasie medical application, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., SU-26, 75 81 1979. [ 9 ] C.S. Desilets, J.D. Fraser and G.S. Kino, The design of efficient broad-band piezoelectric transducer, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., SU-25, 115 125 1978.